Exam 54: Populations

A population's birth and death rates are approximately balanced, yet the population size is declining noticeably.This decline must be due to _______.

Humans and other large animals, as well as small animals such as ants and honey bees, have a reproductive strategy of iteroparity.This strategy is most likely adaptive because these types of organisms

All organisms partition their time and energy among which activities?

Many birds have a nearly constant mortality rate throughout their lives.The general shape of their survivorship curves is _______.

At the beginning of 2017, a song sparrow population had 131 members.In the previous year, 21 birds were born and 32 birds died.Also in the previous year, 5 birds immigrated into the population and 9 birds emigrated from it.Which solution to the population growth equation, N_t = N₀ + (B - D) + (I - E), is correct for this set of data?

Which condition would not bias an estimate made from a mark-recapture study?

Suppose the r value for the population represented by the curve decreases over time.What would happen to the curve?

The leopard can be found in many localities across Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, over an area encompassing 7.7 million square miles (20 million square kilometers).The rare Iriomote cat, by contrast, lives only on Japan's Iriomote Island, an area of 113 square miles (292 square kilometers).These two areas can best be described as the cats'

After maturing in saltwater habitats for about four years, Pacific salmon migrate-at considerable energetic cost-into upstream freshwater river habitats, where they spawn only once before they die.Atlantic salmon, in contrast, return to the sea following spawning and may repeat the migration and spawning pattern several times over multiple years.Which statement about these two species is the most correct?

Unlike most marine fishes, sharks are K-strategists exhibiting slow growth, delayed maturation, long gestation periods, and production of few young.Sharks have been highly successful for 400 million years, but many are now endangered due to exploitation by human fisheries.In what way is the shark's K-strategy now a detriment, rather than a benefit, to its survival?

A population will only continue to grow exponentially if

Houseflies have a life cycle of about 30 days and lay five to six batches of 150 eggs in a few days.After a day, the eggs hatch into larvae (maggots), which pupate and hatch into houseflies.Within two to three days, the young flies are ready to reproduce.Ants also have a four-stage life cycle (egg, larva, pupa, adult).Only queens lay eggs, but they can lay millions (most of which become workers or males), and they can live in the nest for decades.Workers maintain the nest; they and the males live much shorter lives.How would you compare the life cycle strategies of these two insects?

A strong young male wolf is accepted into a small wolf pack, where he mates with a female already present.In the next several years, the new pair reproduces, increasing pack size.The larger pack has better hunting success and becomes the dominant pack in the region.This pack is an example of the _______.

The graph shows the trend in the worldwide human population growth rate, extrapolated to the year 2100, based on current data from population censuses, demographic and health surveys, and other data. This graph suggests that, by 2100, the human population will be

The density of a population is defined as the

The African wild dog is highly endangered as a result of habitat fragmentation, hunting pressure, and contagious diseases contracted from domestic dogs as humans encroach on the wild dogs' habitat.Hunting, breeding, and pup and adult survival depend on a large pack size, in which individuals cooperate and help one another.This is particularly important because the dogs are relatively small.Historically, the average pack size was about 60 animals; today it ranges from 10 to 20. Which factor would likely not be an advantage of a larger pack size in African wild dogs?

Refer to the graph below. A mother sea turtle comes to shore, lays hundreds of eggs, buries them in the sand, and leaves.Later, the baby sea turtles hatch and waddle into the water, where they live their lives.Every year, surviving sea turtles find their way back to the same beach to lay their own eggs, guided by ocean currents and magnetic fields.This organism's life cycle most likely follows which of these types of survivorship curves?

In the example of the two species of Lobelia given in the textbook, one species showed semelparity and the other showed iteroparity.A difference in which factor was most responsible for this difference in life history strategy?

In which animal population would migration be least effective or necessary as an adaptation for maintaining a population throughout the year?