Question 1

Which statement about the role played by salicylic acid in plants is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases the resistance of plants to pathogens. 
B)  It triggers the production of pathogenesis-related proteins. 
C)  It causes herbivorous insects to produce defective proteins. 
D)  It protects plants against the tobacco mosaic virus. 
E)  It plays a role in the plants' defensive response. 
A)  It increases the resistance of plants to pathogens. 
B)  It triggers the production of pathogenesis-related proteins. 
C)  It causes herbivorous insects to produce defective proteins. 
D)  It protects plants against the tobacco mosaic virus. 
E)  It plays a role in the plants' defensive response. C

Question 2

Programmed cell death in plants acts against pathogens primarily by

Accepted Answer

A)  ingesting the pathogen. 
B)  avoiding the pathogen. 
C)  destroying the pathogen. 
D)  coating the pathogen. 
E)  isolating the pathogen. 
A)  ingesting the pathogen. 
B)  avoiding the pathogen. 
C)  destroying the pathogen. 
D)  coating the pathogen. 
E)  isolating the pathogen. E

Question 3

Many plants produce toxins that damage eukaryotic predators.Considering that the cell structure of both the predator and the plant is similar, why is the plant not affected by its own toxins?

Accepted Answer

Plants have a number of strategies to protect themselves from their own toxins. They may isolate the toxins in vacuoles within their cells or glandular trichomes on the leaf surface so that the toxins do not come into contact with the active machinery of the cells. They may restrict toxin production to already-damaged tissue. They may develop enzymes that differentiate toxins and render them harmless. They can also separate toxin precursors and the enzymes that convert them to active form, so that these mix only when there is damage to the cell.

Question 4

Trichomes are best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  antibiotic compounds produced by a plant to defend itself from pathogens. 
B)  root-like structures that grow above water-logged habitats to secure more oxygen. 
C)  vacuoles that sequester salt and/or heavy metals. 
D)  hair-like structures that may deter herbivory. 
E)  chemicals that attack the nervous system of a plant predator. 
A)  antibiotic compounds produced by a plant to defend itself from pathogens. 
B)  root-like structures that grow above water-logged habitats to secure more oxygen. 
C)  vacuoles that sequester salt and/or heavy metals. 
D)  hair-like structures that may deter herbivory. 
E)  chemicals that attack the nervous system of a plant predator.

Question 5

The nicotine in tobacco is an example of a plant

Accepted Answer

A)  alkaloid. 
B)  flavonoid. 
C)  glycoside. 
D)  steroid. 
E)  tannin. 
A)  alkaloid. 
B)  flavonoid. 
C)  glycoside. 
D)  steroid. 
E)  tannin.

Question 6

The amino acid canavanine is an insecticide that is made naturally by some plants and can be applied topically to plants that do not produce it.The effect of canavanine is to

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibit respiration in insects. 
B)  cause defects in the structure and function of insect proteins. 
C)  interfere with protein digestion in the guts of insects. 
D)  burn insect tissues due to its high acidity. 
E)  inhibit the synthesis of reproductive hormones in insects. 
A)  inhibit respiration in insects. 
B)  cause defects in the structure and function of insect proteins. 
C)  interfere with protein digestion in the guts of insects. 
D)  burn insect tissues due to its high acidity. 
E)  inhibit the synthesis of reproductive hormones in insects.

Question 7

An adaptation that allows a plant to survive cold stress is most fundamentally a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  genetics. 
B)  biochemistry. 
C)  cell biology. 
D)  electrophysiology. 
E)  endocrinology. 
A)  genetics. 
B)  biochemistry. 
C)  cell biology. 
D)  electrophysiology. 
E)  endocrinology.

Question 8

Refer to the figure, showing induced resistance mechanisms.   If the number of polysaccharides shown in the figure increased tenfold, they would

Accepted Answer

A)  poison the herbivore. 
B)  block PR protein transport. 
C)  coat pathogens. 
D)  strengthen the cell wall. 
E)  signal the nucleus to make more PR proteins. 
A)  poison the herbivore. 
B)  block PR protein transport. 
C)  coat pathogens. 
D)  strengthen the cell wall. 
E)  signal the nucleus to make more PR proteins.

Question 9

Which statement about the hypersensitive response is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Necrotic lesions, or dead spots, are often associated with the hypersensitive response. 
B)  The acquired resistance that follows the hypersensitive response is limited to the pathogen that triggered it. 
C)  The hypersensitive response involves programmed cell death near the infection site. 
D)  The hypersensitive response will decrease the probability of the infection spreading through the rest of the plant. 
E)  The hypersensitive response is a tactic for dealing with bacterial and fungal pathogens. 
A)  Necrotic lesions, or dead spots, are often associated with the hypersensitive response. 
B)  The acquired resistance that follows the hypersensitive response is limited to the pathogen that triggered it. 
C)  The hypersensitive response involves programmed cell death near the infection site. 
D)  The hypersensitive response will decrease the probability of the infection spreading through the rest of the plant. 
E)  The hypersensitive response is a tactic for dealing with bacterial and fungal pathogens.

Question 10

Plants launch a successful defense against infection from RNA viruses by

Accepted Answer

A)  converting some double-stranded viral RNA into single-stranded copies. 
B)  using siRNAs to disrupt viral replication. 
C)  converting some single-stranded viral RNA into double-stranded DNA. 
D)  converting the message in the viral RNA into proteins. 
E)  converting viral RNA into DNA/RNA hybrids. 
A)  converting some double-stranded viral RNA into single-stranded copies. 
B)  using siRNAs to disrupt viral replication. 
C)  converting some single-stranded viral RNA into double-stranded DNA. 
D)  converting the message in the viral RNA into proteins. 
E)  converting viral RNA into DNA/RNA hybrids.

Question 11

Refer to the figure.   Explain the functions of structures A and B on this cactus and how they serve as adaptations to a dry environment.

Accepted Answer

The spine (A) is a modified leaf. It def

Question 12

Foraging by herbivores can induce the formation of which general kind of metabolites in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tertiary 
B)  Secondary 
C)  Primary 
D)  Amino acids 
E)  Nucleotides 
A)  Tertiary 
B)  Secondary 
C)  Primary 
D)  Amino acids 
E)  Nucleotides

Question 13

Refer to the figure.   What advantage does the type of tissue shown in the image provide to the plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  It helps isolate pathogens to prevent their spread in the plant. 
B)  It helps dissipate heat in desert environments. 
C)  It aids in defense against herbivores by letting distress signals diffuse more easily. 
D)  It increases buoyancy and diffusion of oxygen in submerged parts of the plant. 
E)  It stores water for survival in dry environments. 
A)  It helps isolate pathogens to prevent their spread in the plant. 
B)  It helps dissipate heat in desert environments. 
C)  It aids in defense against herbivores by letting distress signals diffuse more easily. 
D)  It increases buoyancy and diffusion of oxygen in submerged parts of the plant. 
E)  It stores water for survival in dry environments.

Question 14

A newly discovered plant that contains very high levels of lead is most likely a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  indicator plant. 
B)  biennial. 
C)  annual. 
D)  metallic plant. 
E)  hyperaccumulator. 
A)  indicator plant. 
B)  biennial. 
C)  annual. 
D)  metallic plant. 
E)  hyperaccumulator.

Question 15

Which statement about heat shock proteins is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are formed in response to heat stress. 
B)  They include chaperonins. 
C)  They are formed within minutes of a plant's exposure to elevated temperatures. 
D)  They can shield other proteins from denaturation. 
E)  They are synthesized in all plants in response to the same threshold temperature. 
A)  They are formed in response to heat stress. 
B)  They include chaperonins. 
C)  They are formed within minutes of a plant's exposure to elevated temperatures. 
D)  They can shield other proteins from denaturation. 
E)  They are synthesized in all plants in response to the same threshold temperature.

Question 16

Which environment is typical for an annual plant with a brief growing period and seeds capable of long dormant periods?

Accepted Answer

A)  Salt marsh 
B)  Freshwater marsh 
C)  Environment contaminated with heavy metals 
D)  Desert 
E)  Grazed field 
A)  Salt marsh 
B)  Freshwater marsh 
C)  Environment contaminated with heavy metals 
D)  Desert 
E)  Grazed field

Question 17

Refer to the figure.   A plant with the leaf structure shown here would most likely thrive in a(n) _______ habitat.

Accepted Answer

A)  tundra 
B)  aquatic 
C)  wet terrestrial 
D)  grassland 
E)  dry/desert 
A)  tundra 
B)  aquatic 
C)  wet terrestrial 
D)  grassland 
E)  dry/desert

Question 18

Which method is not used by plants to protect themselves from toxins they produce?

Accepted Answer

A)  Building up a tolerance to the toxins 
B)  Compartmentalizing the toxins 
C)  Adjusting the timing of toxin production 
D)  Storing the toxins in waxes 
E)  Storing the toxins in vacuoles 
A)  Building up a tolerance to the toxins 
B)  Compartmentalizing the toxins 
C)  Adjusting the timing of toxin production 
D)  Storing the toxins in waxes 
E)  Storing the toxins in vacuoles

Question 19

Refer to the figure.   A plant with the type of stem structure shown in the image would most likely thrive in a(n) _______ habitat.

Accepted Answer

A)  tundra 
B)  aquatic 
C)  wet terrestrial 
D)  grassland 
E)  dry/desert 
A)  tundra 
B)  aquatic 
C)  wet terrestrial 
D)  grassland 
E)  dry/desert

Question 20

An insect's chewing on a leaf results in the production of a protease inhibitor intended to harm the insect.This response does not involve _______ at the molecular level.

Accepted Answer

A)  jasmonate 
B)  JAZ 
C)  a transcription factor 
D)  resistance genes 
E)  a protease inhibitor gene 
A)  jasmonate 
B)  JAZ 
C)  a transcription factor 
D)  resistance genes 
E)  a protease inhibitor gene

Exam 38: Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Which statement about the role played by salicylic acid in plants is false?

Programmed cell death in plants acts against pathogens primarily by

Many plants produce toxins that damage eukaryotic predators.Considering that the cell structure of both the predator and the plant is similar, why is the plant not affected by its own toxins?

Trichomes are best described as

The nicotine in tobacco is an example of a plant

The amino acid canavanine is an insecticide that is made naturally by some plants and can be applied topically to plants that do not produce it.The effect of canavanine is to

An adaptation that allows a plant to survive cold stress is most fundamentally a result of

Refer to the figure, showing induced resistance mechanisms. If the number of polysaccharides shown in the figure increased tenfold, they would

Which statement about the hypersensitive response is false?

Plants launch a successful defense against infection from RNA viruses by

Refer to the figure. Explain the functions of structures A and B on this cactus and how they serve as adaptations to a dry environment.

Foraging by herbivores can induce the formation of which general kind of metabolites in plants?

Refer to the figure. What advantage does the type of tissue shown in the image provide to the plant?

A newly discovered plant that contains very high levels of lead is most likely a(n)

Which statement about heat shock proteins is false?

Which environment is typical for an annual plant with a brief growing period and seeds capable of long dormant periods?

Refer to the figure. A plant with the leaf structure shown here would most likely thrive in a(n) _______ habitat.

Which method is not used by plants to protect themselves from toxins they produce?

Refer to the figure. A plant with the type of stem structure shown in the image would most likely thrive in a(n) _______ habitat.

An insect's chewing on a leaf results in the production of a protease inhibitor intended to harm the insect.This response does not involve _______ at the molecular level.

Studying Life

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Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

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Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

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