Question 1

Non-water-soluble (hydrophobic) poisons are stored in a plant's

Accepted Answer

A)  chloroplasts. 
B)  laticifers or epidermal waxes. 
C)  Golgi bodies. 
D)  mitochondria. 
E)  vacuoles. 
A)  chloroplasts. 
B)  laticifers or epidermal waxes. 
C)  Golgi bodies. 
D)  mitochondria. 
E)  vacuoles.

Question 2

Large molecules called _______ proteins are produced in response to a pathogen as a defense against infection.

Accepted Answer

pathogenes

Question 3

Which statement about specific immunity in plants is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is triggered by a particular pathogen. 
B)  It is stronger than general immunity. 
C)  It often involves the binding of effectors to resistance (R) proteins. 
D)  It never involves multiple responses. 
E)  It often leads to a form of programmed cell death called the hypersensitive response. 
A)  It is triggered by a particular pathogen. 
B)  It is stronger than general immunity. 
C)  It often involves the binding of effectors to resistance (R) proteins. 
D)  It never involves multiple responses. 
E)  It often leads to a form of programmed cell death called the hypersensitive response.

Question 4

Explain the role of constitutive defenses in plants and give examples.

Accepted Answer

Constitutive defenses are always ready t

Question 5

Cold weather affects the _______ fluidity of plants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cold weather affects the _______ fluidity of...

Question 6

Plants that grow in saline environments often secrete salt through

Accepted Answer

A)  salt bridges. 
B)  flowers. 
C)  salt glands. 
D)  stomata. 
E)  roots. 
A)  salt bridges. 
B)  flowers. 
C)  salt glands. 
D)  stomata. 
E)  roots.

Question 7

R genes are

Accepted Answer

A)  restricted genes. 
B)  reactive genes. 
C)  regulated genes. 
D)  resistance genes. 
E)  repetitive genes. 
A)  restricted genes. 
B)  reactive genes. 
C)  regulated genes. 
D)  resistance genes. 
E)  repetitive genes.

Question 8

An environmental scientist is studying a copper mine abandoned by early inhabitants of England.The soil at this site contains 1,000 times the normal levels of copper, which is much higher than most plants can tolerate; however, a wild relative of beets is found to flourish here.What is the least likely use for this beet plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  It could be used in experimental studies of plant responses to toxins in the soil. 
B)  It could be used as an indicator plant for the discovery of copper-rich sites. 
C)  It could be used in phytoremediation of copper-contaminated sites. 
D)  It could be cultivated as a halophyte. 
E)  It could be cultivated as a hyperaccumulator. 
A)  It could be used in experimental studies of plant responses to toxins in the soil. 
B)  It could be used as an indicator plant for the discovery of copper-rich sites. 
C)  It could be used in phytoremediation of copper-contaminated sites. 
D)  It could be cultivated as a halophyte. 
E)  It could be cultivated as a hyperaccumulator.

Question 9

The molecules peroxide and superoxide that are produced in plants in response to pathogens

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulate plant metabolism. 
B)  are toxic to the pathogens. 
C)  initiate hormone signaling. 
D)  specifically target retroviruses. 
E)  function as effector molecules. 
A)  stimulate plant metabolism. 
B)  are toxic to the pathogens. 
C)  initiate hormone signaling. 
D)  specifically target retroviruses. 
E)  function as effector molecules.

Question 10

In gene-for-gene resistance, an R gene is matched by a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  Avr gene. 
B)  anti-R gene. 
C)  transcription factor gene. 
D)  callose deposition gene. 
E)  elicitor. 
A)  Avr gene. 
B)  anti-R gene. 
C)  transcription factor gene. 
D)  callose deposition gene. 
E)  elicitor.

Question 11

A healthy plant fighting off an attack by a bacterial pathogen develops dry brown spots on its leaves.These spots are _______ produced by the plant to isolate the pathogen.

Accepted Answer

A)  abscission zones 
B)  areas of abscisic acid 
C)  necrotic lesions 
D)  callose deposits 
E)  avirulent regions 
A)  abscission zones 
B)  areas of abscisic acid 
C)  necrotic lesions 
D)  callose deposits 
E)  avirulent regions

Question 12

Daisies that are attacked by pathogens produce extra cytochrome c protein to defeat the invading pathogens.In this case, cytochrome c is functioning as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  expansin. 
B)  pathogenesis-related protein. 
C)  antibiotic. 
D)  phytoalexin. 
E)  local defender. 
A)  expansin. 
B)  pathogenesis-related protein. 
C)  antibiotic. 
D)  phytoalexin. 
E)  local defender.

Question 13

Cropland soils in arid environments often become infertile due to increases in the concentration of _______ after too many cycles of irrigation and evaporation.

Accepted Answer

A)  salt 
B)  nitrates 
C)  oil 
D)  carbohydrates 
E)  nucleic acid 
A)  salt 
B)  nitrates 
C)  oil 
D)  carbohydrates 
E)  nucleic acid

Question 14

Cadmium found in soil can harm plants.Cadmium is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  heavy metal. 
B)  transition element. 
C)  semimetal. 
D)  inert gas. 
E)  essential element. 
A)  heavy metal. 
B)  transition element. 
C)  semimetal. 
D)  inert gas. 
E)  essential element.

Question 15

An arctic plant that photosynthesizes and avoids freezing damage while under six inches of snow likely does so by producing

Accepted Answer

A)  proteases. 
B)  proteins that slow growth of ice crystals. 
C)  lipases. 
D)  DNase. 
E)  molecules that raise tissue temperatures. 
A)  proteases. 
B)  proteins that slow growth of ice crystals. 
C)  lipases. 
D)  DNase. 
E)  molecules that raise tissue temperatures.

Question 16

If a plant has one gene related to a particular pathogen and that pathogen has a corresponding gene, the plant can develop

Accepted Answer

A)  tolerance. 
B)  hardening. 
C)  plasmodesmata. 
D)  alkaloids. 
E)  gene-for-gene resistance. 
A)  tolerance. 
B)  hardening. 
C)  plasmodesmata. 
D)  alkaloids. 
E)  gene-for-gene resistance.

Question 17

Certain sterols produced by plants are known to

Accepted Answer

A)  attract pollinators and animals that disperse seeds. 
B)  affect the nervous systems of animals. 
C)  inhibit fungal action. 
D)  block hormone action in insects. 
E)  impair growth of competing plants. 
A)  attract pollinators and animals that disperse seeds. 
B)  affect the nervous systems of animals. 
C)  inhibit fungal action. 
D)  block hormone action in insects. 
E)  impair growth of competing plants.

Question 18

The use of hyperaccumulating plants to clean up contaminated soils is called

Accepted Answer

A)  soil washing. 
B)  superfunding. 
C)  phytoremediation. 
D)  replenishing. 
E)  leaching. 
A)  soil washing. 
B)  superfunding. 
C)  phytoremediation. 
D)  replenishing. 
E)  leaching.

Question 19

Halophytes take up sodium and chloride ions and transport these substances to their _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Halophytes take up sodium and chloride ions...

Question 20

When exposed to cell wall fragments broken down by a newly discovered pathogen, a plant turns on its defenses.Chemicals within these cell wall fragments can best be interpreted as

Accepted Answer

A)  anthocyanins. 
B)  secondary metabolites. 
C)  elicitors. 
D)  receptors. 
E)  latex. 
A)  anthocyanins. 
B)  secondary metabolites. 
C)  elicitors. 
D)  receptors. 
E)  latex.

Exam 38: Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Non-water-soluble (hydrophobic) poisons are stored in a plant's

Large molecules called _______ proteins are produced in response to a pathogen as a defense against infection.

Which statement about specific immunity in plants is false?

Explain the role of constitutive defenses in plants and give examples.

Cold weather affects the _______ fluidity of plants.

Plants that grow in saline environments often secrete salt through

R genes are

The molecules peroxide and superoxide that are produced in plants in response to pathogens

In gene-for-gene resistance, an R gene is matched by a(n)

A healthy plant fighting off an attack by a bacterial pathogen develops dry brown spots on its leaves.These spots are _______ produced by the plant to isolate the pathogen.

Daisies that are attacked by pathogens produce extra cytochrome c protein to defeat the invading pathogens.In this case, cytochrome c is functioning as a(n)

Cropland soils in arid environments often become infertile due to increases in the concentration of _______ after too many cycles of irrigation and evaporation.

Cadmium found in soil can harm plants.Cadmium is an example of a(n)

An arctic plant that photosynthesizes and avoids freezing damage while under six inches of snow likely does so by producing

If a plant has one gene related to a particular pathogen and that pathogen has a corresponding gene, the plant can develop

Certain sterols produced by plants are known to

The use of hyperaccumulating plants to clean up contaminated soils is called

Halophytes take up sodium and chloride ions and transport these substances to their _______.

When exposed to cell wall fragments broken down by a newly discovered pathogen, a plant turns on its defenses.Chemicals within these cell wall fragments can best be interpreted as

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters