Question 1

Diterpenes are effective in plants when used against herbivores

Accepted Answer

A)  as a respiratory inhibitor. 
B)  to block cell division. 
C)  as phytoalexins. 
D)  to inhibit enzymes. 
E)  to disrupt muscle function. 
A)  as a respiratory inhibitor. 
B)  to block cell division. 
C)  as phytoalexins. 
D)  to inhibit enzymes. 
E)  to disrupt muscle function.

Question 2

Typically, when leaves are damaged by herbivory, plants start to produce defensive compounds that are classified as belonging to what group of chemicals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nucleic acids 
B)  Primary metabolites 
C)  Lipids 
D)  Trichomes 
E)  Secondary metabolites 
A)  Nucleic acids 
B)  Primary metabolites 
C)  Lipids 
D)  Trichomes 
E)  Secondary metabolites

Question 3

Which group of plant chemicals is generally produced constitutively as a defense against herbivores?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary metabolites 
B)  Amino acids 
C)  Secondary metabolites 
D)  Proteins 
E)  Tertiary metabolites 
A)  Primary metabolites 
B)  Amino acids 
C)  Secondary metabolites 
D)  Proteins 
E)  Tertiary metabolites

Question 4

Which statement about heavy metal tolerance in plants is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Differences between tolerant and nontolerant plants usually have a genetic basis. 
B)  Most tolerant plants avoid being poisoned by excluding the heavy metal. 
C)  Tolerant plants may be useful agents for bioremediation. 
D)  Tolerance is usually specific to a particular type of heavy metal. 
E)  Tolerant plants accumulate heavy metal concentrations that would kill most other plants. 
A)  Differences between tolerant and nontolerant plants usually have a genetic basis. 
B)  Most tolerant plants avoid being poisoned by excluding the heavy metal. 
C)  Tolerant plants may be useful agents for bioremediation. 
D)  Tolerance is usually specific to a particular type of heavy metal. 
E)  Tolerant plants accumulate heavy metal concentrations that would kill most other plants.

Question 5

A precursor of a toxic compound is found in the vacuoles in a leaf.The enzymes that convert this precursor into the toxic compound are most likely present in

Accepted Answer

A)  the vacuole. 
B)  the roots. 
C)  the fruit. 
D)  another compartment in the same cell. 
E)  the pollen. 
A)  the vacuole. 
B)  the roots. 
C)  the fruit. 
D)  another compartment in the same cell. 
E)  the pollen.

Question 6

If a tobacco plant that shows gene-for-gene resistance to some fungi is killed by a smut fungus, the most likely explanation is that the plant's R genes did not match the fungus's

Accepted Answer

A)  R gene. 
B)  tRNA. 
C)  virus. 
D)  Avr gene. 
E)  bacterium. 
A)  R gene. 
B)  tRNA. 
C)  virus. 
D)  Avr gene. 
E)  bacterium.

Question 7

A scientist claims to have found a way to induce the production of animal-type antibodies in nontransgenic plants, which will render the plant resistant to certain plant pathogens.Which response would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  No induction is needed because plants make these antibodies naturally. 
B)  This has already been done. 
C)  This is not possible because the defense systems of plants are different from those of animals. 
D)  Animals do not have antibodies. 
E)  The resistance will be effective only in the short term. 
A)  No induction is needed because plants make these antibodies naturally. 
B)  This has already been done. 
C)  This is not possible because the defense systems of plants are different from those of animals. 
D)  Animals do not have antibodies. 
E)  The resistance will be effective only in the short term.

Question 8

Which compounds are not secondary plant metabolites?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phenolics 
B)  Alkaloids 
C)  Terpenes 
D)  Glucosinolates 
E)  PR proteins 
A)  Phenolics 
B)  Alkaloids 
C)  Terpenes 
D)  Glucosinolates 
E)  PR proteins

Question 9

Cold-hardening does not involve

Accepted Answer

A)  production of antifreeze proteins. 
B)  increased production of saturated fatty acids. 
C)  production of phytoalexins. 
D)  production of heat shock proteins. 
E)  a process known as acclimation. 
A)  production of antifreeze proteins. 
B)  increased production of saturated fatty acids. 
C)  production of phytoalexins. 
D)  production of heat shock proteins. 
E)  a process known as acclimation.

Question 10

Plants adapted to dry environments are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Plants adapted to dry environments are called...

Question 11

Which label refers to plants having adaptations for dealing with excess salt?

Accepted Answer

A)  Xerophytes 
B)  Halophytes 
C)  Hydrophytes 
D)  Succulents 
E)  Hypersensitive species 
A)  Xerophytes 
B)  Halophytes 
C)  Hydrophytes 
D)  Succulents 
E)  Hypersensitive species

Question 12

Upon infection by a pathogen, plant cells increase synthesis of cell wall polymers.The function of these polymers is to

Accepted Answer

A)  destabilize the cell walls. 
B)  synthesize antibodies to the pathogen. 
C)  isolate the pathogen in the invaded tissue. 
D)  break down the wax barrier. 
E)  signal the presence of the pathogen to the leaves. 
A)  destabilize the cell walls. 
B)  synthesize antibodies to the pathogen. 
C)  isolate the pathogen in the invaded tissue. 
D)  break down the wax barrier. 
E)  signal the presence of the pathogen to the leaves.

Question 13

Which of the following compounds is not known to play a major role in plant defense?

Accepted Answer

A)  Terpenes 
B)  Alkaloids 
C)  Gibberellins 
D)  Phenolics 
E)  Salicylic acid 
A)  Terpenes 
B)  Alkaloids 
C)  Gibberellins 
D)  Phenolics 
E)  Salicylic acid

Question 14

Canavanine is a(n) _______ that is synthesized by a plant to fight herbivorous insects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Canavanine is a(n) _______ that is synthesized...

Question 15

_______ is a thick white suspension produced by some plants as a mechanical defense.

Accepted Answer

A)  Salt suspension 
B)  Protein emulsion 
C)  P-slime 
D)  Latex 
E)  Mucilage 
A)  Salt suspension 
B)  Protein emulsion 
C)  P-slime 
D)  Latex 
E)  Mucilage

Question 16

The presence of pneumatophores in plants is an adaptation for success in a _______ habitat.

Accepted Answer

A)  desert 
B)  mountain 
C)  grassland 
D)  seashore 
E)  swamp 
A)  desert 
B)  mountain 
C)  grassland 
D)  seashore 
E)  swamp

Question 17

Which stressful condition is not among those faced by most plants of the desert in the southwestern United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  Drought 
B)  High light 
C)  High temperature 
D)  Salinity 
E)  Heavy metals 
A)  Drought 
B)  High light 
C)  High temperature 
D)  Salinity 
E)  Heavy metals

Question 18

Refer to the figure.   The necrotic lesions on the leaf are characteristic of a

Accepted Answer

A)  constitutive defense. 
B)  rust infection. 
C)  crown gall tumor. 
D)  systemic acquired resistance. 
E)  hypersensitive response. 
A)  constitutive defense. 
B)  rust infection. 
C)  crown gall tumor. 
D)  systemic acquired resistance. 
E)  hypersensitive response.

Question 19

In response to low temperatures plants may

Accepted Answer

A)  produce heat shock proteins. 
B)  increase the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in their cell membranes. 
C)  exhibit systemic acquired resistance. 
D)  produce siRNAs. 
E)  increase the phytoalexin content in their cells. 
A)  produce heat shock proteins. 
B)  increase the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in their cell membranes. 
C)  exhibit systemic acquired resistance. 
D)  produce siRNAs. 
E)  increase the phytoalexin content in their cells.

Question 20

Bioremediation of mine and ore refinery sites is an area of intense study.How can plants help with the cleanup of sites contaminated with heavy metals?

Accepted Answer

Only plants that have evolved a strategy

Exam 38: Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Diterpenes are effective in plants when used against herbivores

Typically, when leaves are damaged by herbivory, plants start to produce defensive compounds that are classified as belonging to what group of chemicals?

Which group of plant chemicals is generally produced constitutively as a defense against herbivores?

Which statement about heavy metal tolerance in plants is false?

A precursor of a toxic compound is found in the vacuoles in a leaf.The enzymes that convert this precursor into the toxic compound are most likely present in

If a tobacco plant that shows gene-for-gene resistance to some fungi is killed by a smut fungus, the most likely explanation is that the plant's R genes did not match the fungus's

A scientist claims to have found a way to induce the production of animal-type antibodies in nontransgenic plants, which will render the plant resistant to certain plant pathogens.Which response would be most appropriate?

Which compounds are not secondary plant metabolites?

Cold-hardening does not involve

Plants adapted to dry environments are called _______.

Which label refers to plants having adaptations for dealing with excess salt?

Upon infection by a pathogen, plant cells increase synthesis of cell wall polymers.The function of these polymers is to

Which of the following compounds is not known to play a major role in plant defense?

Canavanine is a(n) _______ that is synthesized by a plant to fight herbivorous insects.

_______ is a thick white suspension produced by some plants as a mechanical defense.

The presence of pneumatophores in plants is an adaptation for success in a _______ habitat.

Which stressful condition is not among those faced by most plants of the desert in the southwestern United States?

Refer to the figure. The necrotic lesions on the leaf are characteristic of a

In response to low temperatures plants may

Bioremediation of mine and ore refinery sites is an area of intense study.How can plants help with the cleanup of sites contaminated with heavy metals?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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