Question 1

Which change would most likely be observed in the cell membranes of a plant in response to sudden and severe cold?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in the proportion of proteins 
B)  A decrease in the proportion of proteins 
C)  An increase in the proportion of saturated fatty acids 
D)  An increase in the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids 
E)  Induced cell death in certain parts of the plant 
A)  An increase in the proportion of proteins 
B)  A decrease in the proportion of proteins 
C)  An increase in the proportion of saturated fatty acids 
D)  An increase in the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids 
E)  Induced cell death in certain parts of the plant

Question 2

Drought stress can lead to the increased production of

Accepted Answer

A)  LEA proteins. 
B)  PAMPs. 
C)  JAZ. 
D)  protease inhibitors. 
E)  phytoalexins. 
A)  LEA proteins. 
B)  PAMPs. 
C)  JAZ. 
D)  protease inhibitors. 
E)  phytoalexins.

Question 3

Salinization of agricultural land is a serious and growing problem.Which proposed solution would be the most effective way to slow this trend?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reverse climate change to prevent the ocean from claiming agricultural land. 
B)  Engineer all important types of crops to become more salt tolerant. 
C)  Phytoremediation of agricultural fields with halophyte plants. 
D)  Irrigate crops using efficient systems that do not spread excess water across the soil. 
E)  Harvest trees to turn forested land into new agricultural fields. 
A)  Reverse climate change to prevent the ocean from claiming agricultural land. 
B)  Engineer all important types of crops to become more salt tolerant. 
C)  Phytoremediation of agricultural fields with halophyte plants. 
D)  Irrigate crops using efficient systems that do not spread excess water across the soil. 
E)  Harvest trees to turn forested land into new agricultural fields.

Question 4

A scientist looking for soil high in cadmium would most likely be successful by locating plants that _______ cadmium.

Accepted Answer

A)  expel 
B)  secrete 
C)  chelate 
D)  hyperaccumulate 
E)  avoid 
A)  expel 
B)  secrete 
C)  chelate 
D)  hyperaccumulate 
E)  avoid

Question 5

Gene-for-gene resistance is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  an inducible defense. 
B)  a signal transduction pathway. 
C)  an evolutionary arms race. 
D)  a defense against herbivory. 
E)  phytoremediation. 
A)  an inducible defense. 
B)  a signal transduction pathway. 
C)  an evolutionary arms race. 
D)  a defense against herbivory. 
E)  phytoremediation.

Question 6

Phytoalexins are

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins. 
B)  antibiotics. 
C)  nucleotides. 
D)  RNAs. 
E)  hormones. 
A)  proteins. 
B)  antibiotics. 
C)  nucleotides. 
D)  RNAs. 
E)  hormones.

Question 7

A plant that acclimates to cold temperatures is most likely to do so through

Accepted Answer

A)  cold-hardening. 
B)  heat shock. 
C)  frost tolerance. 
D)  adaptation. 
E)  clinal variation. 
A)  cold-hardening. 
B)  heat shock. 
C)  frost tolerance. 
D)  adaptation. 
E)  clinal variation.

Question 8

A plant that thrives in Iceland, where it is exposed to freezing night temperatures and warm days, most likely produces _______ proteins.

Accepted Answer

A)  cytoskeletal 
B)  heat shock 
C)  transcription factor 
D)  antifreeze 
E)  thaw-inducing 
A)  cytoskeletal 
B)  heat shock 
C)  transcription factor 
D)  antifreeze 
E)  thaw-inducing

Question 9

If plants that absorb 50 times the normal amount of soil manganese are not susceptible to a particular fungal blight, the best conclusion is that this fungus is unable to infect plants that _______ manganese.

Accepted Answer

A)  contain 
B)  hyperaccumulate 
C)  translocate 
D)  chelate 
E)  exclude 
A)  contain 
B)  hyperaccumulate 
C)  translocate 
D)  chelate 
E)  exclude

Question 10

If a plant fossil shows evidence of extensive aerenchyma, this plant likely grew in habitats that were

Accepted Answer

A)  subject to drought. 
B)  frozen. 
C)  flooded. 
D)  dehydrated. 
E)  saline. 
A)  subject to drought. 
B)  frozen. 
C)  flooded. 
D)  dehydrated. 
E)  saline.

Question 11

_______ are antifeeding secondary metabolites used by plants for defense.

Accepted Answer

A)  Monoterpenes 
B)  Triterpenes 
C)  Flavonoids 
D)  Anthocyanins 
E)  Polyterpenes 
A)  Monoterpenes 
B)  Triterpenes 
C)  Flavonoids 
D)  Anthocyanins 
E)  Polyterpenes

Question 12

A wound from the bite of an herbivore is not likely to trigger

Accepted Answer

A)  membrane signaling through a change in electrical potential. 
B)  induced production of resistance (R) genes. 
C)  production of reactive oxygen species that lead to changes in gene expression. 
D)  hormone signaling to produce an appropriate response by the plant. 
E)  production of jasmonic acid to trigger systemic defenses. 
A)  membrane signaling through a change in electrical potential. 
B)  induced production of resistance (R) genes. 
C)  production of reactive oxygen species that lead to changes in gene expression. 
D)  hormone signaling to produce an appropriate response by the plant. 
E)  production of jasmonic acid to trigger systemic defenses.

Question 13

Which element is not a heavy metal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cadmium 
B)  Chromium 
C)  Lead 
D)  Mercury 
E)  Sulfur 
A)  Cadmium 
B)  Chromium 
C)  Lead 
D)  Mercury 
E)  Sulfur

Question 14

The pneumatophores of swamp plants are modified

Accepted Answer

A)  flowers. 
B)  leaves. 
C)  roots. 
D)  spines. 
E)  stems. 
A)  flowers. 
B)  leaves. 
C)  roots. 
D)  spines. 
E)  stems.

Question 15

Secondary metabolites

Accepted Answer

A)  are essential for basic cellular processes in the plant body. 
B)  are similar in all plants. 
C)  occur more often in animals than in plants. 
D)  may attract or inhibit other organisms. 
E)  are usually of high molecular weight. 
A)  are essential for basic cellular processes in the plant body. 
B)  are similar in all plants. 
C)  occur more often in animals than in plants. 
D)  may attract or inhibit other organisms. 
E)  are usually of high molecular weight.

Question 16

Which trait is not an adaptation to dry environments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aerenchyma 
B)  Hairy leaves 
C)  A heavier cuticle over the leaf epidermis 
D)  Sunken stomata 
E)  A root system that grows each rainy season and dies back when it is dry 
A)  Aerenchyma 
B)  Hairy leaves 
C)  A heavier cuticle over the leaf epidermis 
D)  Sunken stomata 
E)  A root system that grows each rainy season and dies back when it is dry

Question 17

Which statement about the role of jasmonate in protecting plants from herbivory is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jasmonate is produced from a membrane lipid. 
B)  Jasmonate travels to other parts of the plant through the phloem. 
C)  Jasmonate acts by binding to a plasma membrane receptor. 
D)  Jasmonate induces the formation of a protein that inhibits proteases. 
E)  Jasmonate is a hormone. 
A)  Jasmonate is produced from a membrane lipid. 
B)  Jasmonate travels to other parts of the plant through the phloem. 
C)  Jasmonate acts by binding to a plasma membrane receptor. 
D)  Jasmonate induces the formation of a protein that inhibits proteases. 
E)  Jasmonate is a hormone.

Question 18

Nicotine in tobacco and pyrethrin in chrysanthemums are secondary metabolites that act as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nicotine in tobacco and pyrethrin in chrysanthemums...

Question 19

Systemic acquired resistance can be very specific (for example, protecting a plant against RNA viruses).It can also be much more general, for example, involving _______, which induces genes to produce various pathogen fighting proteins and can even be modified to carry an airborne warning signal to other plants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Systemic acquired resistance can be very specific...

Question 20

Which of the following are produced by plants for defense through an increase in gene expression in response to the presence of a pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  PR proteins 
B)  Elicitors 
C)  Enzymes 
D)  PAMPs 
E)  Heat shock proteins 
A)  PR proteins 
B)  Elicitors 
C)  Enzymes 
D)  PAMPs 
E)  Heat shock proteins

Exam 38: Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Which change would most likely be observed in the cell membranes of a plant in response to sudden and severe cold?

Drought stress can lead to the increased production of

Salinization of agricultural land is a serious and growing problem.Which proposed solution would be the most effective way to slow this trend?

A scientist looking for soil high in cadmium would most likely be successful by locating plants that _______ cadmium.

Gene-for-gene resistance is an example of

Phytoalexins are

A plant that acclimates to cold temperatures is most likely to do so through

A plant that thrives in Iceland, where it is exposed to freezing night temperatures and warm days, most likely produces _______ proteins.

If plants that absorb 50 times the normal amount of soil manganese are not susceptible to a particular fungal blight, the best conclusion is that this fungus is unable to infect plants that _______ manganese.

If a plant fossil shows evidence of extensive aerenchyma, this plant likely grew in habitats that were

_______ are antifeeding secondary metabolites used by plants for defense.

A wound from the bite of an herbivore is not likely to trigger

Which element is not a heavy metal?

The pneumatophores of swamp plants are modified

Secondary metabolites

Which trait is not an adaptation to dry environments?

Which statement about the role of jasmonate in protecting plants from herbivory is false?

Nicotine in tobacco and pyrethrin in chrysanthemums are secondary metabolites that act as _______.

Which of the following are produced by plants for defense through an increase in gene expression in response to the presence of a pathogen?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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