Question 1

Increased tolerance of a plant to an environmental stress that results from prior exposure is most likely an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  adjustment. 
B)  acclimation. 
C)  isolation of damaged tissue. 
D)  lessening of the stress. 
E)  avoidance. 
A)  adjustment. 
B)  acclimation. 
C)  isolation of damaged tissue. 
D)  lessening of the stress. 
E)  avoidance.

Question 2

In some swamp plants, root extensions called _______ grow into the air and deliver oxygen to the rest of the root system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In some swamp plants, root extensions called...

Question 3

Explain the concept of gene-for-gene resistance.

Accepted Answer

Gene-for-gene resistance is based on rec

Question 4

Phytoalexin production is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  constitutive plant defense. 
B)  environmental challenge. 
C)  induced plant defense. 
D)  mechanical defense. 
E)  gene-for-gene response. 
A)  constitutive plant defense. 
B)  environmental challenge. 
C)  induced plant defense. 
D)  mechanical defense. 
E)  gene-for-gene response.

Question 5

Refer to the figure.   Which statement best describes the role of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in this signal transduction pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are elicitors. 
B)  They strengthen the cell wall and block plasmodesmata. 
C)  They are part of a constitutive defense. 
D)  They attack the pathogen directly. 
E)  They serve as alarm signals to cells that have not yet been attacked. 
A)  They are elicitors. 
B)  They strengthen the cell wall and block plasmodesmata. 
C)  They are part of a constitutive defense. 
D)  They attack the pathogen directly. 
E)  They serve as alarm signals to cells that have not yet been attacked.

Question 6

A newly discovered gene in a petunia plant produces an integral membrane protein that helps the petunia resist pathogens.This gene probably codes for a

Accepted Answer

A)  receptor protein. 
B)  cytoskeletal protein. 
C)  G protein. 
D)  nucleoporin. 
E)  transporter protein. 
A)  receptor protein. 
B)  cytoskeletal protein. 
C)  G protein. 
D)  nucleoporin. 
E)  transporter protein.

Question 7

Which statement about the general immunity response of a plant to a pathogen is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It can result in changes in gene expression. 
B)  It can result in the production of plant hormones. 
C)  It is considered a constitutive defense. 
D)  It involves sealing off damaged tissues to contain the infection. 
E)  It is produced when a plant receptor recognizes a molecular pattern in the pathogen. 
A)  It can result in changes in gene expression. 
B)  It can result in the production of plant hormones. 
C)  It is considered a constitutive defense. 
D)  It involves sealing off damaged tissues to contain the infection. 
E)  It is produced when a plant receptor recognizes a molecular pattern in the pathogen.

Question 8

How might the adaptations of herbivores affect plant evolution? How might plant adaptations affect the evolution of herbivores?

Accepted Answer

A plant might make a secondary metabolit

Question 9

When an herbivore chews on plant tissue, molecules called _______ are formed.These molecules bind to a _______ in the plasma membrane of a _______ cell and initiate the formation of jasmonates.

Accepted Answer

A)  elicitors; lipid; xylem 
B)  elicitors; receptor; companion 
C)  inhibins; lipid; xylem 
D)  systemins; receptor; companion 
E)  stimulins; protein receptor; phloem 
A)  elicitors; lipid; xylem 
B)  elicitors; receptor; companion 
C)  inhibins; lipid; xylem 
D)  systemins; receptor; companion 
E)  stimulins; protein receptor; phloem

Question 10

A plant that produces tannins in response to attack by an herbivore is trying to

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibit digestive enzymes made by the herbivore. 
B)  inhibit herbivore hormones. 
C)  inhibit herbivore cell division. 
D)  attack the herbivore with a neurotoxin. 
E)  localize herbivore feeding. 
A)  inhibit digestive enzymes made by the herbivore. 
B)  inhibit herbivore hormones. 
C)  inhibit herbivore cell division. 
D)  attack the herbivore with a neurotoxin. 
E)  localize herbivore feeding.

Question 11

Refer to the figure.   Insects raised on a diet of plant materials grow more slowly than those grown on a nonplant nutrient medium in the lab.This implies that the gene shown in the right panel of the figure is important for producing which defense compounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amino acids 
B)  Phytoalexins 
C)  Anthocyanins 
D)  Protease inhibitors 
E)  Prostaglandins 
A)  Amino acids 
B)  Phytoalexins 
C)  Anthocyanins 
D)  Protease inhibitors 
E)  Prostaglandins

Question 12

Compared to plants native to moist forests, annual plants in the deserts of the southwestern United States are more likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  have long growing seasons. 
B)  tolerate drought by blooming during the dry season. 
C)  avoid drought by surviving as seeds. 
D)  sense and respond to the photoperiod. 
E)  require several months of growth before flowering. 
A)  have long growing seasons. 
B)  tolerate drought by blooming during the dry season. 
C)  avoid drought by surviving as seeds. 
D)  sense and respond to the photoperiod. 
E)  require several months of growth before flowering.

Question 13

Pyrethrin is an example of a defensive secondary metabolite called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  monoterpene. 
B)  terpene. 
C)  flavonoid. 
D)  anthocyanin. 
E)  polyterpene. 
A)  monoterpene. 
B)  terpene. 
C)  flavonoid. 
D)  anthocyanin. 
E)  polyterpene.

Question 14

The tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) is adapted to feeding on nicotine-producing plants.Using genetically modified tobacco plants that do not produce nicotine, how might you test the hypothesis that dietary nicotine protects the tobacco hornworm against its parasite Cotesia congregata?

Accepted Answer

Feed one group of hornworms normal plant

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of gene-for-gene resistance in a plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  A nonspecific response to a pathogen 
B)  The ability to defend itself against many strains of a pathogen 
C)  The presence of an allele that corresponds to an allele in a pathogen 
D)  The interaction among R genes of a pathogen and Avr genes of the plant 
E)  The interaction among R genes of the plant and Avr genes of a pathogen 
A)  A nonspecific response to a pathogen 
B)  The ability to defend itself against many strains of a pathogen 
C)  The presence of an allele that corresponds to an allele in a pathogen 
D)  The interaction among R genes of a pathogen and Avr genes of the plant 
E)  The interaction among R genes of the plant and Avr genes of a pathogen

Question 16

Leaves adapted to a dry environment are least likely to exhibit

Accepted Answer

A)  reduction in size to become spines. 
B)  stomata in sunken cavities. 
C)  dense epidermal hairs. 
D)  fleshy leaves. 
E)  large surface area. 
A)  reduction in size to become spines. 
B)  stomata in sunken cavities. 
C)  dense epidermal hairs. 
D)  fleshy leaves. 
E)  large surface area.

Question 17

Some halophytic plants have salt glands that

Accepted Answer

A)  accumulate salt in their roots. 
B)  serve as barriers to salt intake. 
C)  maintain high salt concentrations in the plant. 
D)  secrete salt onto the leaf surface. 
E)  increase water loss from the plant. 
A)  accumulate salt in their roots. 
B)  serve as barriers to salt intake. 
C)  maintain high salt concentrations in the plant. 
D)  secrete salt onto the leaf surface. 
E)  increase water loss from the plant.

Question 18

In response to tissue damage caused by pathogens,

Accepted Answer

A)  both plants and animals seal off damaged tissues. 
B)  both plants and animals repair damaged tissues. 
C)  both plants and animals sometimes seal off and sometimes repair damaged tissues. 
D)  animals repair damaged tissues, and plants seal off damaged tissues. 
E)  animals seal off damaged tissues, and plants repair damaged tissues. 
A)  both plants and animals seal off damaged tissues. 
B)  both plants and animals repair damaged tissues. 
C)  both plants and animals sometimes seal off and sometimes repair damaged tissues. 
D)  animals repair damaged tissues, and plants seal off damaged tissues. 
E)  animals seal off damaged tissues, and plants repair damaged tissues.

Question 19

A gardener is wondering where to plant a newly acquired unlabeled plant.You notice the plant has pneumatophores, so you advise the gardener plant it in

Accepted Answer

A)  sand. 
B)  loamy soil. 
C)  heavy clay. 
D)  orchid bark. 
E)  standing water. 
A)  sand. 
B)  loamy soil. 
C)  heavy clay. 
D)  orchid bark. 
E)  standing water.

Question 20

Refer to the figure.   Which statement best describes the role of extensin in this signal transduction pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an elicitor. 
B)  It strengthens the cell wall and blocks plasmodesmata. 
C)  It is a constitutive defense. 
D)  It attacks the pathogen directly. 
E)  It serves as an alarm signal to cells that have not yet been attacked. 
A)  It is an elicitor. 
B)  It strengthens the cell wall and blocks plasmodesmata. 
C)  It is a constitutive defense. 
D)  It attacks the pathogen directly. 
E)  It serves as an alarm signal to cells that have not yet been attacked.

Exam 38: Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Increased tolerance of a plant to an environmental stress that results from prior exposure is most likely an example of

In some swamp plants, root extensions called _______ grow into the air and deliver oxygen to the rest of the root system.

Explain the concept of gene-for-gene resistance.

Phytoalexin production is an example of a(n)

Refer to the figure. Which statement best describes the role of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in this signal transduction pathway?

A newly discovered gene in a petunia plant produces an integral membrane protein that helps the petunia resist pathogens.This gene probably codes for a

Which statement about the general immunity response of a plant to a pathogen is false?

How might the adaptations of herbivores affect plant evolution? How might plant adaptations affect the evolution of herbivores?

When an herbivore chews on plant tissue, molecules called _______ are formed.These molecules bind to a _______ in the plasma membrane of a _______ cell and initiate the formation of jasmonates.

A plant that produces tannins in response to attack by an herbivore is trying to

Refer to the figure. Insects raised on a diet of plant materials grow more slowly than those grown on a nonplant nutrient medium in the lab.This implies that the gene shown in the right panel of the figure is important for producing which defense compounds?

Compared to plants native to moist forests, annual plants in the deserts of the southwestern United States are more likely to

Pyrethrin is an example of a defensive secondary metabolite called a(n)

The tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) is adapted to feeding on nicotine-producing plants.Using genetically modified tobacco plants that do not produce nicotine, how might you test the hypothesis that dietary nicotine protects the tobacco hornworm against its parasite Cotesia congregata?

Which of the following is an example of gene-for-gene resistance in a plant?

Leaves adapted to a dry environment are least likely to exhibit

Some halophytic plants have salt glands that

In response to tissue damage caused by pathogens,

A gardener is wondering where to plant a newly acquired unlabeled plant.You notice the plant has pneumatophores, so you advise the gardener plant it in

Refer to the figure. Which statement best describes the role of extensin in this signal transduction pathway?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

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Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

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When an herbivore chews on plant tissue, molecules called ___ are formed.These molecules bind to a _ in the plasma membrane of a _____ cell and initiate the formation of jasmonates.