Question 1

A particular bacterial species lacks the enzymes needed to synthesize certain amino acids.Other related species have these enzymes.Which inference about this bacterium is most likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has fewer than the typical number of genes involved in translation. 
B)  It has more than the typical number of genes involved in translation. 
C)  It lives in the urogenital tracts of mammals. 
D)  It must obtain these amino acids from the environment. 
E)  It has plasmids. 
A)  It has fewer than the typical number of genes involved in translation. 
B)  It has more than the typical number of genes involved in translation. 
C)  It lives in the urogenital tracts of mammals. 
D)  It must obtain these amino acids from the environment. 
E)  It has plasmids. D

Question 2

Biologists are examining changes in the proteins expressed by a nematode species under different levels of crowding.Which is the most likely tool or approach that they would use?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolomics 
B)  Haplotype mapping 
C)  Mass spectrometry 
D)  Gas chromatography 
E)  Metagenomics 
A)  Metabolomics 
B)  Haplotype mapping 
C)  Mass spectrometry 
D)  Gas chromatography 
E)  Metagenomics C

Question 3

Refer to the table showing various sequenced genomes   Calculate the size of the average protein-coding gene in Drosophila melanogaster.

Accepted Answer

A)  1,200 
B)  3,600 
C)  6,000 
D)  9,000 
E)  12,000 
A)  1,200 
B)  3,600 
C)  6,000 
D)  9,000 
E)  12,000 A

Question 4

The Alu element, which accounts for over 10 percent of the human genome, uses an RNA intermediate and employs a "copy and paste" mechanism of replication.It is not translated.It is thus an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  LINE. 
B)  SINE. 
C)  haplotype. 
D)  LTR. 
E)  DNA transposon. 
A)  LINE. 
B)  SINE. 
C)  haplotype. 
D)  LTR. 
E)  DNA transposon.

Question 5

Which sequence is most likely to be interrupted by introns?

Accepted Answer

A)  A tRNA gene from an archaean 
B)  A tRNA gene from a bacterium 
C)  An rRNA gene from a bacterium 
D)  An ordinary housekeeping gene from a bacterium 
E)  An ordinary housekeeping gene from an archaean 
A)  A tRNA gene from an archaean 
B)  A tRNA gene from a bacterium 
C)  An rRNA gene from a bacterium 
D)  An ordinary housekeeping gene from a bacterium 
E)  An ordinary housekeeping gene from an archaean

Question 6

A 10-bp single-stranded DNA fragment is cut by three different restriction enzymes to produce the following fragments: (1) AC, TAC, and GGATG
(2) TA, CGG, and ATGAC
(3) GAC, GAT, and TACG
The nucleotide sequence of the 10-bp fragment

Accepted Answer

A)  is ATGCCTACTG. 
B)  is TACGGATGAC. 
C)  is GGATGACTAC. 
D)  is GACGATTACG. 
E)  cannot be determined from the information given. 
A)  is ATGCCTACTG. 
B)  is TACGGATGAC. 
C)  is GGATGACTAC. 
D)  is GACGATTACG. 
E)  cannot be determined from the information given.

Question 7

A team of biologists collects samples from a stream.Using PCR and other techniques, they amplify numerous DNA sequences.In doing so, they discover many new bacterial species.These biologists are working in the field of

Accepted Answer

A)  metagenomics. 
B)  functional genomics. 
C)  comparative genomics. 
D)  relational genomics. 
E)  proteomics. 
A)  metagenomics. 
B)  functional genomics. 
C)  comparative genomics. 
D)  relational genomics. 
E)  proteomics.

Question 8

Genomic analysis of a fish reveals that this species has dozens of functional copies of a gene that are all nearly identical to one another.What is the most likely explanation for this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  The different copies of the gene perform different functions. 
B)  These genes are associated with heterochromatin. 
C)  A large amount of the gene product is needed in a relatively short time period. 
D)  These genes are pseudogenes. 
E)  These genes are transposable elements. 
A)  The different copies of the gene perform different functions. 
B)  These genes are associated with heterochromatin. 
C)  A large amount of the gene product is needed in a relatively short time period. 
D)  These genes are pseudogenes. 
E)  These genes are transposable elements.

Question 9

One commonly used method of high-throughput sequencing relies on _______ to amplify DNA fragments on a solid surface.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One commonly used method of high-throughput sequencing...

Question 10

The genome of Arabidopsis is least like that of the typical plant in that the Arabidopsis genome

Accepted Answer

A)  has very few plant defense genes. 
B)  has very few photosynthesis genes. 
C)  has much more repetitive DNA. 
D)  is much smaller. 
E)  does not have duplicate genes. 
A)  has very few plant defense genes. 
B)  has very few photosynthesis genes. 
C)  has much more repetitive DNA. 
D)  is much smaller. 
E)  does not have duplicate genes.

Question 11

Which type of sequence is a regulatory sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Open reading frame 
B)  tRNA gene 
C)  rRNA gene 
D)  Transposon 
E)  Promoter 
A)  Open reading frame 
B)  tRNA gene 
C)  rRNA gene 
D)  Transposon 
E)  Promoter

Question 12

Which statement about prokaryotic genomes is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  All of their DNA is in protein-coding sequences or RNA genes. 
B)  They are usually organized into a single chromosome. 
C)  They usually do not have introns in their genes. 
D)  They often have smaller circular molecules called plasmids. 
E)  They range from about 160,000 to 12 million bp in length. 
A)  All of their DNA is in protein-coding sequences or RNA genes. 
B)  They are usually organized into a single chromosome. 
C)  They usually do not have introns in their genes. 
D)  They often have smaller circular molecules called plasmids. 
E)  They range from about 160,000 to 12 million bp in length.

Question 13

If you were to sequence the pathogenic E.coli strain O157:H7, you would most likely find genes that came from

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycoplasma. 
B)  Rhizobium. 
C)  Methylococcus. 
D)  Salmonella. 
E)  the bacterium that causes SARS. 
A)  Mycoplasma. 
B)  Rhizobium. 
C)  Methylococcus. 
D)  Salmonella. 
E)  the bacterium that causes SARS.

Question 14

Refer to the table showing several prokaryote species (labeled F-J) that have been sequenced, and the genes they contain.(Note: "x" marks the species possessing a functional copy of the gene.)   Unlike the other species here, species F cannot grow if it is given maltose, a disaccharide, as its sole carbon source.It can grow when given the by-products of maltose.Based on the data, what is the most likely genetic hypothesis for this inability? How would you test your hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Species F appears to lack the ability to

Question 15

Gas chromatography is most often used in

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolomics. 
B)  proteomics. 
C)  haplotype mapping. 
D)  metagenomics. 
E)  functional genomics. 
A)  metabolomics. 
B)  proteomics. 
C)  haplotype mapping. 
D)  metagenomics. 
E)  functional genomics.

Question 16

The Human Genome Project could not have proceeded without the new field of _______, which uses complex mathematics and computer programs to analyze DNA sequences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Human Genome Project could not have...

Question 17

A biologist is attempting to find the promoters for a set of important developmental genes in crickets.This activity is best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  bioinformatics. 
B)  proteomics. 
C)  comparative genomics. 
D)  quantitative genomics. 
E)  functional genomics. 
A)  bioinformatics. 
B)  proteomics. 
C)  comparative genomics. 
D)  quantitative genomics. 
E)  functional genomics.

Question 18

A hypothetical drug has a side effect of increasing blood pressure.Individuals who are homozygous for G at SNP 1 break down this drug faster than average.Individuals who are homozygous for A at SNP 2 break down this drug slower than average.The effects of these two SNPs roughly cancel each other out, such that homozygotes at both SNPs generally have average rates of breakdown of the enzyme.Which combination of genotypes is most likely to put an individual at risk for having the side effect? (Note: The genotype of SNP 1 is listed first, followed by that of SNP 2.)

Accepted Answer

A)  GG, AA 
B)  GG, AG 
C)  CC, AA 
D)  GC, AG 
E)  GC, GG 
A)  GG, AA 
B)  GG, AG 
C)  CC, AA 
D)  GC, AG 
E)  GC, GG

Question 19

Refer to the table showing the number of genes in three bacteria (E.coli, Haemophilus influenzae, and Mycoplasma genitalium) for different functions.   M.genitalium has lost many genes during its evolution.What type of gene has been lost the most in M.genitalium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biosynthesis of amino acids 
B)  Biosynthesis of cofactors 
C)  Cell envelope proteins 
D)  Uptake of molecules from the environment 
E)  Translation 
A)  Biosynthesis of amino acids 
B)  Biosynthesis of cofactors 
C)  Cell envelope proteins 
D)  Uptake of molecules from the environment 
E)  Translation

Question 20

A biologist is interested in determining how the diversity of microbes in ponds changes with levels of phosphate in the ponds.The most useful type of study to address this question is a _______ study.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A biologist is interested in determining how...

Exam 17: Genomes

A particular bacterial species lacks the enzymes needed to synthesize certain amino acids.Other related species have these enzymes.Which inference about this bacterium is most likely?

Biologists are examining changes in the proteins expressed by a nematode species under different levels of crowding.Which is the most likely tool or approach that they would use?

Refer to the table showing various sequenced genomes Calculate the size of the average protein-coding gene in Drosophila melanogaster.

The Alu element, which accounts for over 10 percent of the human genome, uses an RNA intermediate and employs a "copy and paste" mechanism of replication.It is not translated.It is thus an example of a

Which sequence is most likely to be interrupted by introns?

A 10-bp single-stranded DNA fragment is cut by three different restriction enzymes to produce the following fragments: (1) AC, TAC, and GGATG (2) TA, CGG, and ATGAC (3) GAC, GAT, and TACG The nucleotide sequence of the 10-bp fragment

A team of biologists collects samples from a stream.Using PCR and other techniques, they amplify numerous DNA sequences.In doing so, they discover many new bacterial species.These biologists are working in the field of

Genomic analysis of a fish reveals that this species has dozens of functional copies of a gene that are all nearly identical to one another.What is the most likely explanation for this finding?

One commonly used method of high-throughput sequencing relies on _______ to amplify DNA fragments on a solid surface.

The genome of Arabidopsis is least like that of the typical plant in that the Arabidopsis genome

Which type of sequence is a regulatory sequence?

Which statement about prokaryotic genomes is false?

If you were to sequence the pathogenic E.coli strain O157:H7, you would most likely find genes that came from

Gas chromatography is most often used in

The Human Genome Project could not have proceeded without the new field of _______, which uses complex mathematics and computer programs to analyze DNA sequences.

A biologist is attempting to find the promoters for a set of important developmental genes in crickets.This activity is best described as

Refer to the table showing the number of genes in three bacteria (E.coli, Haemophilus influenzae, and Mycoplasma genitalium) for different functions. M.genitalium has lost many genes during its evolution.What type of gene has been lost the most in M.genitalium?

A biologist is interested in determining how the diversity of microbes in ponds changes with levels of phosphate in the ponds.The most useful type of study to address this question is a _______ study.

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