Question 1

Which human gene would be most unusual?

Accepted Answer

A)  One that was 10,000 nucleotides long 
B)  One that was 50,000 nucleotides long 
C)  One that could produce several different types of proteins via alternative splicing 
D)  One that had four introns 
E)  One that lacked introns 
A)  One that was 10,000 nucleotides long 
B)  One that was 50,000 nucleotides long 
C)  One that could produce several different types of proteins via alternative splicing 
D)  One that had four introns 
E)  One that lacked introns

Question 2

Refer to the table comparing the numbers of genes in a bacterium and a yeast for different functional categories.   In what category does the bacterium have more genes? What does this feature suggest?

Accepted Answer

The bacterium has more genes d

Question 3

Which feature of an organism would make it more suitable as a model organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has a long generation time. 
B)  Its native food source is difficult to find. 
C)  It is related to a large number of other organisms that exhibit some similarities. 
D)  Its genetics have not been well developed because few geneticists have studied it before. 
E)  Its ecology is not well understood because few ecologists have studied it before. 
A)  It has a long generation time. 
B)  Its native food source is difficult to find. 
C)  It is related to a large number of other organisms that exhibit some similarities. 
D)  Its genetics have not been well developed because few geneticists have studied it before. 
E)  Its ecology is not well understood because few ecologists have studied it before.

Question 4

Which statement about the globin genes is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are all continually expressed in humans. 
B)  The globin genes first arose in invertebrates. 
C)  Different tissues in mammals will express different globin genes. 
D)  All the different globin genes carry out the exact same function in humans. 
E)  All forms of human globins bind oxygen with the same affinity. 
A)  They are all continually expressed in humans. 
B)  The globin genes first arose in invertebrates. 
C)  Different tissues in mammals will express different globin genes. 
D)  All the different globin genes carry out the exact same function in humans. 
E)  All forms of human globins bind oxygen with the same affinity.

Question 5

Which statement about metabolomics is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The metabolome is determined directly from the proteome in a one-to-one relationship. 
B)  The metabolome includes both primary and secondary metabolites. 
C)  Results from metabolomics studies argue against genetic determinism. 
D)  Analysis of the metabolome requires chemical methods for separating small molecules. 
E)  Metabolomics is the quantitative description of all of the small molecules in an organism. 
A)  The metabolome is determined directly from the proteome in a one-to-one relationship. 
B)  The metabolome includes both primary and secondary metabolites. 
C)  Results from metabolomics studies argue against genetic determinism. 
D)  Analysis of the metabolome requires chemical methods for separating small molecules. 
E)  Metabolomics is the quantitative description of all of the small molecules in an organism.

Question 6

The hypothetical antianxiety drug Epitome is inactive when taken, but it is activated by the rasputin enzyme a few hours after injection.Alleles 1 and 2 of the gene that encodes rasputin encode enzymes with similar activity levels.Individuals with one or both copies of allele 3, which is very rare, have much higher levels of enzyme activity.Individuals who have both copies of allele 4 have much lower levels of enzyme activity.Heterozygotes of allele 4 have normal levels of enzyme activity.The individuals who are most likely to experience negative side effects from Epitome are those whose genotypes have one copy of allele _______ and one copy of allele _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  1; 2 
B)  2; 3 
C)  2; 4 
D)  2; 2 
E)  4; 4 
A)  1; 2 
B)  2; 3 
C)  2; 4 
D)  2; 2 
E)  4; 4

Question 7

Which statement best reflects genetic determinism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exposure to cigarette smoke alters the expression of the Zyh gene. 
B)  Individuals with certain mutations in the FOXP2 gene have difficulty processing language. 
C)  Upon changes in their social status, monkeys show changes in the genes that produce stress hormones. 
D)  Identical twins vary in the contents of their microbiome. 
E)  Alternative splicing permits multiple proteins to be produced from the same gene, 
A)  Exposure to cigarette smoke alters the expression of the Zyh gene. 
B)  Individuals with certain mutations in the FOXP2 gene have difficulty processing language. 
C)  Upon changes in their social status, monkeys show changes in the genes that produce stress hormones. 
D)  Identical twins vary in the contents of their microbiome. 
E)  Alternative splicing permits multiple proteins to be produced from the same gene,

Question 8

Which type of moderately repetitive DNA would be least likely to change its location in the genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  A LINE 
B)  A SINE 
C)  A DNA transposon 
D)  A tRNA gene 
E)  An LTR 
A)  A LINE 
B)  A SINE 
C)  A DNA transposon 
D)  A tRNA gene 
E)  An LTR

Question 9

Which is not used in functional genomics to identify the functions of genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sequence comparisons between organisms 
B)  Amino acid sequences of proteins 
C)  Regulatory sequences 
D)  Open reading frames 
E)  RNA genes 
A)  Sequence comparisons between organisms 
B)  Amino acid sequences of proteins 
C)  Regulatory sequences 
D)  Open reading frames 
E)  RNA genes

Question 10

In which aspect of the genome would you expect the most variation among different plant species?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the genes plants share with animals 
B)  In the genes involved with photosynthesis 
C)  In the genes involved with water transport 
D)  In the genes involved with defenses against natural enemies 
E)  In the genes involved with construction of the cell wall 
A)  In the genes plants share with animals 
B)  In the genes involved with photosynthesis 
C)  In the genes involved with water transport 
D)  In the genes involved with defenses against natural enemies 
E)  In the genes involved with construction of the cell wall

Question 11

Refer to the table.Pathogenic strains of E.coli often exchange genes with other pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and Shigella.(Note: "x" denotes presence of the gene.)   Which gene most likely got into pathogenic E.coli from the other pathogenic bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gene A 
B)  Gene B 
C)  Gene C 
D)  Gene D 
E)  Gene E 
A)  Gene A 
B)  Gene B 
C)  Gene C 
D)  Gene D 
E)  Gene E

Question 12

Refer to the hypothetical data set comparing the gene content of Salmonella and Shigella, of which all strains are pathogenic, and the pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of E.coli.(Note: "x" denotes presence of the gene.)   Which is the most likely conclusion about gene B?

Accepted Answer

A)  It may be involved in pathogenicity and was acquired from Salmonella strain 1. 
B)  It may be involved in pathogenicity and was acquired from Salmonella strain 2. 
C)  It may be involved in pathogenicity and was acquired from Shigella. 
D)  It may be involved in pathogenicity, and its origin is unclear. 
E)  It is unlikely to be involved in pathogenicity. 
A)  It may be involved in pathogenicity and was acquired from Salmonella strain 1. 
B)  It may be involved in pathogenicity and was acquired from Salmonella strain 2. 
C)  It may be involved in pathogenicity and was acquired from Shigella. 
D)  It may be involved in pathogenicity, and its origin is unclear. 
E)  It is unlikely to be involved in pathogenicity.

Question 13

The evolution of gene families requires

Accepted Answer

A)  pseudogenes. 
B)  transposable elements. 
C)  highly repetitive sequences. 
D)  moderately repetitive sequences. 
E)  gene duplications. 
A)  pseudogenes. 
B)  transposable elements. 
C)  highly repetitive sequences. 
D)  moderately repetitive sequences. 
E)  gene duplications.

Question 14

A piece of DNA that is about 6,500 nucleotides long is found in 10 to 30 locations (depending on the individual) throughout the genome of a fish.It uses an RNA intermediate and is both transcribed and translated.This element is most likely a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA transposon. 
B)  RNA transposon. 
C)  LINE. 
D)  SINE. 
E)  short tandem repeat. 
A)  DNA transposon. 
B)  RNA transposon. 
C)  LINE. 
D)  SINE. 
E)  short tandem repeat.

Question 15

A biologist is trying to locate the coding region of a gene, also known as a(n) _______.This region can usually be recognized by the presence of a start codon and a stop codon.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A biologist is trying to locate the...

Question 16

A biologist is interested in finding genes that affect the likelihood of obtaining Parkinson's disease.An efficient way to find those genes would be _______ mapping.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A biologist is interested in finding genes...

Question 17

Which statement about the pathogenic strain O157:H7 of E.coli is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It differs from the harmless laboratory strains of E. coli by only a few genes. 
B)  It shares several genes with other pathogenic bacteria, suggesting extensive genetic exchange among these species. 
C)  It is the primary cause of tuberculosis in the United States. 
D)  It kills more than 70,000 people a year in the United States. 
E)  It is not classified as one of the "superbugs" that share genes for antibiotic resistance. 
A)  It differs from the harmless laboratory strains of E. coli by only a few genes. 
B)  It shares several genes with other pathogenic bacteria, suggesting extensive genetic exchange among these species. 
C)  It is the primary cause of tuberculosis in the United States. 
D)  It kills more than 70,000 people a year in the United States. 
E)  It is not classified as one of the "superbugs" that share genes for antibiotic resistance.

Question 18

Gorillas differ from humans at about 2 percent of the genome, considering just single nucleotide changes.Thus, in a haploid genome, how many SNPs are there between humans and gorillas?

Accepted Answer

A)  About 600,000 
B)  About 1.5 million 
C)  About 6 million 
D)  About 15 million 
E)  About 60 million 
A)  About 600,000 
B)  About 1.5 million 
C)  About 6 million 
D)  About 15 million 
E)  About 60 million

Question 19

As organisms increase in complexity from yeasts to fruit flies to humans, the number of protein-coding genes in the genome increases _______ than the number of nucleotides, and the proportion of the genome that codes for proteins _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; greatly increases 
B)  more; greatly decreases 
C)  less; greatly increases 
D)  less; roughly stays the same 
E)  less; greatly decreases 
A)  more; greatly increases 
B)  more; greatly decreases 
C)  less; greatly increases 
D)  less; roughly stays the same 
E)  less; greatly decreases

Question 20

If an animal were to lose mobility and become sessile, genes involved in which function would most likely be gained over evolutionary time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intercellular communication 
B)  Cell signaling 
C)  Defense 
D)  Cell growth 
E)  Metabolism 
A)  Intercellular communication 
B)  Cell signaling 
C)  Defense 
D)  Cell growth 
E)  Metabolism

Exam 17: Genomes

Which human gene would be most unusual?

Refer to the table comparing the numbers of genes in a bacterium and a yeast for different functional categories. In what category does the bacterium have more genes? What does this feature suggest?

Which feature of an organism would make it more suitable as a model organism?

Which statement about the globin genes is true?

Which statement about metabolomics is false?

Which statement best reflects genetic determinism?

Which type of moderately repetitive DNA would be least likely to change its location in the genome?

Which is not used in functional genomics to identify the functions of genes?

In which aspect of the genome would you expect the most variation among different plant species?

Refer to the table.Pathogenic strains of E.coli often exchange genes with other pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and Shigella.(Note: "x" denotes presence of the gene.) Which gene most likely got into pathogenic E.coli from the other pathogenic bacteria?

Refer to the hypothetical data set comparing the gene content of Salmonella and Shigella, of which all strains are pathogenic, and the pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of E.coli.(Note: "x" denotes presence of the gene.) Which is the most likely conclusion about gene B?

The evolution of gene families requires

A piece of DNA that is about 6,500 nucleotides long is found in 10 to 30 locations (depending on the individual) throughout the genome of a fish.It uses an RNA intermediate and is both transcribed and translated.This element is most likely a(n)

A biologist is trying to locate the coding region of a gene, also known as a(n) _______.This region can usually be recognized by the presence of a start codon and a stop codon.

A biologist is interested in finding genes that affect the likelihood of obtaining Parkinson's disease.An efficient way to find those genes would be _______ mapping.

Which statement about the pathogenic strain O157:H7 of E.coli is true?

Gorillas differ from humans at about 2 percent of the genome, considering just single nucleotide changes.Thus, in a haploid genome, how many SNPs are there between humans and gorillas?

As organisms increase in complexity from yeasts to fruit flies to humans, the number of protein-coding genes in the genome increases _______ than the number of nucleotides, and the proportion of the genome that codes for proteins _______.

If an animal were to lose mobility and become sessile, genes involved in which function would most likely be gained over evolutionary time?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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As organisms increase in complexity from yeasts to fruit flies to humans, the number of protein-coding genes in the genome increases _ than the number of nucleotides, and the proportion of the genome that codes for proteins _.