Question 1

Which field or approach is most likely to lead directly to a reduction in the negative side effects associated with a drug used to treat diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Comparative genomics 
B)  Metagenomics 
C)  Metabolomics 
D)  Pharmacogenomics 
E)  Selective inactivation 
A)  Comparative genomics 
B)  Metagenomics 
C)  Metabolomics 
D)  Pharmacogenomics 
E)  Selective inactivation

Question 2

A strand of DNA is 5′-CTGATC…AGTC-3′, with "…" representing many nucleotides.Its complement is _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A strand of DNA is 5′-CTGATC…AGTC-3′, with...

Question 3

What is the biggest difference between the human genome and the genomes of model animal species such as Drosophila?

Accepted Answer

A)  The human genome has many times the number of genes. 
B)  The human genome has many fewer genes. 
C)  The human genome has a much greater percentage of noncoding DNA. 
D)  The human genome has a much lower percentage of noncoding DNA. 
E)  Genes in the human genome undergo much less posttranscriptional modification. 
A)  The human genome has many times the number of genes. 
B)  The human genome has many fewer genes. 
C)  The human genome has a much greater percentage of noncoding DNA. 
D)  The human genome has a much lower percentage of noncoding DNA. 
E)  Genes in the human genome undergo much less posttranscriptional modification.

Question 4

Which statement comparing Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  D. melanogaster has a smaller genome. 
B)  D. melanogaster has fewer genes. 
C)  D. melanogaster has a higher percentage of the genome that codes for proteins. 
D)  D. melanogaster has fewer cells. 
E)  D. melanogaster is a smaller organism. 
A)  D. melanogaster has a smaller genome. 
B)  D. melanogaster has fewer genes. 
C)  D. melanogaster has a higher percentage of the genome that codes for proteins. 
D)  D. melanogaster has fewer cells. 
E)  D. melanogaster is a smaller organism.

Question 5

Biologists have DNA from a prehistoric species of human.To make inferences about the ability of this species to speak, the sequence from the _______ gene would be most useful.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Biologists have DNA from a prehistoric species...

Question 6

Opsin genes are involved in vision.Which circumstance would most likely lead to the evolution of pseudogenes in the opsins of a salamander?

Accepted Answer

A)  Living in caves 
B)  The presence of a new fish predator 
C)  The presence of a new colorful prey species 
D)  Selection for faster development 
E)  Selection for slower development 
A)  Living in caves 
B)  The presence of a new fish predator 
C)  The presence of a new colorful prey species 
D)  Selection for faster development 
E)  Selection for slower development

Question 7

The most striking difference between the genomes of E.coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is that the yeast genome contains many more genes devoted to

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolism. 
B)  membrane transport. 
C)  DNA replication, repair, and recombination. 
D)  targeting proteins to organelles. 
E)  energy production and storage. 
A)  metabolism. 
B)  membrane transport. 
C)  DNA replication, repair, and recombination. 
D)  targeting proteins to organelles. 
E)  energy production and storage.

Question 8

What percentage of the human genome is DNA that codes for proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Less than 5 percent 
B)  Between 5 and 15 percent 
C)  Between 15 and 25 percent 
D)  Between 25 and 40 percent 
E)  Over 40 percent 
A)  Less than 5 percent 
B)  Between 5 and 15 percent 
C)  Between 15 and 25 percent 
D)  Between 25 and 40 percent 
E)  Over 40 percent

Question 9

Refer to the figure showing high-throughput sequencing.   What is the purpose of the fluorescent tag added to the synthetic oligonucleotides in step 5?

Accepted Answer

To allow d

Question 10

Under which circumstances would metagenomic studies be more useful than traditional methods?

Accepted Answer

A)  The organisms are numerous and very small. 
B)  The organisms are relatively large and few in number. 
C)  The organisms are easily cultured. 
D)  The organisms have relatively large genomes. 
E)  The organisms have relatively small genomes. 
A)  The organisms are numerous and very small. 
B)  The organisms are relatively large and few in number. 
C)  The organisms are easily cultured. 
D)  The organisms have relatively large genomes. 
E)  The organisms have relatively small genomes.

Question 11

Which statement about the human genome is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most human genes have introns. 
B)  Genes are evenly distributed among chromosomes. 
C)  Only about 2 percent of the genome codes for proteins. 
D)  Transposons are common. 
E)  The "average" human gene codes for more than just one protein. 
A)  Most human genes have introns. 
B)  Genes are evenly distributed among chromosomes. 
C)  Only about 2 percent of the genome codes for proteins. 
D)  Transposons are common. 
E)  The "average" human gene codes for more than just one protein.

Question 12

Which explanation is currently thought to be the best reason why transposable elements are so prevalent in eukaryotic genomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They provide a selective advantage by knocking out unessential genes. 
B)  They benefit an organism by regulating genes. 
C)  They maintain the integrity of the genome. 
D)  They replicate and thus are able to persist, despite being neutral or even deleterious to an organism. 
E)  They increase genetic variation. 
A)  They provide a selective advantage by knocking out unessential genes. 
B)  They benefit an organism by regulating genes. 
C)  They maintain the integrity of the genome. 
D)  They replicate and thus are able to persist, despite being neutral or even deleterious to an organism. 
E)  They increase genetic variation.

Question 13

Refer to the table showing the number of genes in three bacteria (E.coli, Haemophilus influenzae, and Mycoplasma genitalium) for different functions.   E.coli has about _______ times as many protein-coding genes and about _______ times as many regulatory proteins as does M.genitalium.

Accepted Answer

A)  2; 3 
B)  2; 9 
C)  4; 9 
D)  4; 25 
E)  9; 25 
A)  2; 3 
B)  2; 9 
C)  4; 9 
D)  4; 25 
E)  9; 25

Question 14

Soon after the sequence of Haemophilus influenzae was announced, two additional prokaryotic sequences were announced: the smaller Mycoplasma genitalium and the larger E.coli.Having multiple genomes permitted the beginning of

Accepted Answer

A)  metagenomics. 
B)  eukaryotic genomics. 
C)  proteomics. 
D)  comparative genomics. 
E)  haplotype mapping. 
A)  metagenomics. 
B)  eukaryotic genomics. 
C)  proteomics. 
D)  comparative genomics. 
E)  haplotype mapping.

Question 15

Which characteristic is least likely to be useful when choosing the next "model" plant genome to study agriculturally important traits?

Accepted Answer

A)  Small size 
B)  Little redundancy 
C)  Good survival in laboratory cultures 
D)  Rapid life cycle 
E)  A large number of transposons 
A)  Small size 
B)  Little redundancy 
C)  Good survival in laboratory cultures 
D)  Rapid life cycle 
E)  A large number of transposons

Question 16

If a mutation in a transposable element results in a change in its inverted repeat sequences, it is most likely that the element will

Accepted Answer

A)  knock out an essential gene. 
B)  knock out a gene that is not essential. 
C)  no longer be able to produce the enzyme that allows it to move. 
D)  no longer be recognized by the enzyme that allows it to move. 
E)  become a composite element. 
A)  knock out an essential gene. 
B)  knock out a gene that is not essential. 
C)  no longer be able to produce the enzyme that allows it to move. 
D)  no longer be recognized by the enzyme that allows it to move. 
E)  become a composite element.

Question 17

The human genome encodes about _______ proteins as it has protein-coding genes.

Accepted Answer

A)  half as many 
B)  the same number of 
C)  twice as many 
D)  5 times as many 
E)  20 times as many 
A)  half as many 
B)  the same number of 
C)  twice as many 
D)  5 times as many 
E)  20 times as many

Question 18

Which type of gene would you expect to be found in the widest (most encompassing) group of organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  One involved in immune systems 
B)  One involved in communication between cells 
C)  One involved in glucose metabolism 
D)  One involved in the central nervous system 
E)  One involved in complex development 
A)  One involved in immune systems 
B)  One involved in communication between cells 
C)  One involved in glucose metabolism 
D)  One involved in the central nervous system 
E)  One involved in complex development

Question 19

Refer to the figure showing a single gene coding for multiple proteins.   What technique would most likely be used in analysis of the protein variants that occur through the processes shown in the figure? What field uses this type of study?

Accepted Answer

Mass spect

Question 20

A piece of DNA that is 3 kb in length is found in many locations throughout the genome.How would you decide whether this was a LINE or a DNA transposon?

Accepted Answer

A)  If it has more than 10,000 copies in the genome, it is a LINE; if not, it is a DNA transposon. 
B)  If it has more than 10,000 copies in the genome, it is a DNA transposon; if not, it is a LINE. 
C)  If it contains the sequence GCTCGATC, it is a LINE; if not, it is a DNA transposon. 
D)  If it uses an RNA intermediate, it is a LINE; if not, it is a DNA transposon. 
E)  If it uses a "copy and paste" mechanism, it is a DNA transposon; if not, it is a LINE. 
A)  If it has more than 10,000 copies in the genome, it is a LINE; if not, it is a DNA transposon. 
B)  If it has more than 10,000 copies in the genome, it is a DNA transposon; if not, it is a LINE. 
C)  If it contains the sequence GCTCGATC, it is a LINE; if not, it is a DNA transposon. 
D)  If it uses an RNA intermediate, it is a LINE; if not, it is a DNA transposon. 
E)  If it uses a "copy and paste" mechanism, it is a DNA transposon; if not, it is a LINE.

Exam 17: Genomes

Which field or approach is most likely to lead directly to a reduction in the negative side effects associated with a drug used to treat diabetes?

A strand of DNA is 5′-CTGATC…AGTC-3′, with "…" representing many nucleotides.Its complement is _______.

What is the biggest difference between the human genome and the genomes of model animal species such as Drosophila?

Which statement comparing Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster is true?

Biologists have DNA from a prehistoric species of human.To make inferences about the ability of this species to speak, the sequence from the _______ gene would be most useful.

Opsin genes are involved in vision.Which circumstance would most likely lead to the evolution of pseudogenes in the opsins of a salamander?

The most striking difference between the genomes of E.coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is that the yeast genome contains many more genes devoted to

What percentage of the human genome is DNA that codes for proteins?

Refer to the figure showing high-throughput sequencing. What is the purpose of the fluorescent tag added to the synthetic oligonucleotides in step 5?

Under which circumstances would metagenomic studies be more useful than traditional methods?

Which statement about the human genome is false?

Which explanation is currently thought to be the best reason why transposable elements are so prevalent in eukaryotic genomes?

Refer to the table showing the number of genes in three bacteria (E.coli, Haemophilus influenzae, and Mycoplasma genitalium) for different functions. E.coli has about _______ times as many protein-coding genes and about _______ times as many regulatory proteins as does M.genitalium.

Soon after the sequence of Haemophilus influenzae was announced, two additional prokaryotic sequences were announced: the smaller Mycoplasma genitalium and the larger E.coli.Having multiple genomes permitted the beginning of

Which characteristic is least likely to be useful when choosing the next "model" plant genome to study agriculturally important traits?

If a mutation in a transposable element results in a change in its inverted repeat sequences, it is most likely that the element will

The human genome encodes about _______ proteins as it has protein-coding genes.

Which type of gene would you expect to be found in the widest (most encompassing) group of organisms?

Refer to the figure showing a single gene coding for multiple proteins. What technique would most likely be used in analysis of the protein variants that occur through the processes shown in the figure? What field uses this type of study?

A piece of DNA that is 3 kb in length is found in many locations throughout the genome.How would you decide whether this was a LINE or a DNA transposon?

Studying Life

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Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

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Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

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Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

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Filters

Refer to the table showing the number of genes in three bacteria (E.coli, Haemophilus influenzae, and Mycoplasma genitalium) for different functions. E.coli has about _ times as many protein-coding genes and about _ times as many regulatory proteins as does M.genitalium.