Question 1

Which statement about gastrovascular cavities is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are found in earthworms but not in cnidarians. 
B)  Enzymes in these cavities partially digest prey. 
C)  They have a mouth at one end and an anus at the other. 
D)  Extracellular digestion completes the breakdown of food particles. 
E)  They are found in sponges. 
A)  They are found in earthworms but not in cnidarians. 
B)  Enzymes in these cavities partially digest prey. 
C)  They have a mouth at one end and an anus at the other. 
D)  Extracellular digestion completes the breakdown of food particles. 
E)  They are found in sponges. B

Question 2

The hormone cholecystokinin (CCK), released by the _______, stimulates contractions of the _______, ultimately leading to squirts of _______ entering the lumen of the small intestine.

Accepted Answer

A)  stomach; gallbladder; trypsin 
B)  small intestine; liver; bile 
C)  small intestine; gallbladder; bile 
D)  liver; gallbladder; zymogen 
E)  gallbladder; liver; bile 
A)  stomach; gallbladder; trypsin 
B)  small intestine; liver; bile 
C)  small intestine; gallbladder; bile 
D)  liver; gallbladder; zymogen 
E)  gallbladder; liver; bile C

Question 3

Refer to the figure showing a mammalian tooth.   Based on the figure, which statement about mammalian teeth is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The crown is the part of the tooth below the gum line. 
B)  Dentine is present in the crown but not the root. 
C)  Nerves and blood vessels occur in the pulp cavity, which is the innermost layer of the tooth. 
D)  Cement holds the tooth in the jawbone and produces the dentine. 
E)  Enamel covers the crown of the tooth and consists largely of calcium carbonate. 
A)  The crown is the part of the tooth below the gum line. 
B)  Dentine is present in the crown but not the root. 
C)  Nerves and blood vessels occur in the pulp cavity, which is the innermost layer of the tooth. 
D)  Cement holds the tooth in the jawbone and produces the dentine. 
E)  Enamel covers the crown of the tooth and consists largely of calcium carbonate. C

Question 4

The hormone secretin is a chemical message

Accepted Answer

A)  secreted by the pancreas. 
B)  secreted by the stomach. 
C)  whose release is stimulated by the nervous system. 
D)  that triggers the intestine to release enzymes. 
E)  that triggers pancreatic secretion of a bicarbonate-rich solution. 
A)  secreted by the pancreas. 
B)  secreted by the stomach. 
C)  whose release is stimulated by the nervous system. 
D)  that triggers the intestine to release enzymes. 
E)  that triggers pancreatic secretion of a bicarbonate-rich solution.

Question 5

The major function of the colon, or large intestine, is the

Accepted Answer

A)  digestive breakdown of foods. 
B)  absorption of nutrients from foods. 
C)  housing of parasitic bacteria. 
D)  secretion of bile and enzymes. 
E)  reabsorption of ions and water. 
A)  digestive breakdown of foods. 
B)  absorption of nutrients from foods. 
C)  housing of parasitic bacteria. 
D)  secretion of bile and enzymes. 
E)  reabsorption of ions and water.

Question 6

Which event occurs when parietal cells of the stomach create an enormous concentration difference in H+ across their plasma membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  H+ from a parietal cell is exchanged for K+ from the lumen of the gastric pit. 
B)  Carbonic anhydrase removes CO2 from carbonic acid. 
C)  K+ is pumped back into the lumen of the gastric pit. 
D)  Cl- is actively transported back into the bloodstream. 
E)  HCO3- from the blood is exchanged for Cl- from the parietal cell. 
A)  H+ from a parietal cell is exchanged for K+ from the lumen of the gastric pit. 
B)  Carbonic anhydrase removes CO2 from carbonic acid. 
C)  K+ is pumped back into the lumen of the gastric pit. 
D)  Cl- is actively transported back into the bloodstream. 
E)  HCO3- from the blood is exchanged for Cl- from the parietal cell.

Question 7

A woman who has heavy menstrual bleeding each month goes to the doctor because of persistent fatigue.Her doctor explains she is suffering from a deficiency in a micronutrient.The doctor is most likely to prescribe a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin C supplement, or eating lots of citrus fruit. 
B)  folic acid supplement, or drinking lots of tea. 
C)  iron supplement, or eating lots of liver or red meat. 
D)  zinc supplement, or decreasing her salt intake. 
E)  vitamin E supplement, or decreasing her fat intake. 
A)  vitamin C supplement, or eating lots of citrus fruit. 
B)  folic acid supplement, or drinking lots of tea. 
C)  iron supplement, or eating lots of liver or red meat. 
D)  zinc supplement, or decreasing her salt intake. 
E)  vitamin E supplement, or decreasing her fat intake.

Question 8

Insulin is released by the pancreas when blood levels of

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose fall. 
B)  glucagon fall. 
C)  glucose rise. 
D)  glucagon rise. 
E)  secretin fall. 
A)  glucose fall. 
B)  glucagon fall. 
C)  glucose rise. 
D)  glucagon rise. 
E)  secretin fall.

Question 9

Refer to the figure showing hormonal control of digestion.   Based on the figure, the production of highly acidic chyme will result in

Accepted Answer

A)  slowing down the release of enzymes from the gallbladder. 
B)  speeding up the release of gastrin from the stomach cells. 
C)  increasing the motility of the stomach. 
D)  slowing down the release of bicarbonate solution from the pancreas. 
E)  slowing down the delivery of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine. 
A)  slowing down the release of enzymes from the gallbladder. 
B)  speeding up the release of gastrin from the stomach cells. 
C)  increasing the motility of the stomach. 
D)  slowing down the release of bicarbonate solution from the pancreas. 
E)  slowing down the delivery of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine.

Question 10

Which statement about vitamin C is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  All mammals, but not other vertebrates, must obtain it in their diet. 
B)  It is fat-soluble. 
C)  When not obtained in the human diet, scurvy results. 
D)  It is an oxidant. 
E)  Rice is a good source of vitamin C. 
A)  All mammals, but not other vertebrates, must obtain it in their diet. 
B)  It is fat-soluble. 
C)  When not obtained in the human diet, scurvy results. 
D)  It is an oxidant. 
E)  Rice is a good source of vitamin C.

Question 11

Which statement about digestion in the small intestine is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most digestion occurs in the stomach and most absorption occurs in the small intestine. 
B)  Fat in the small intestine is emulsified by bile that is produced by the gallbladder and stored in the liver. 
C)  Bile molecules in the small intestine have one end that is lipophobic and one end that is hydrophilic. 
D)  The pancreas secretes zymogens and bicarbonate ions into the duodenum of the small intestine. 
E)  Enterokinase is secreted by the pancreas to activate enzymes in the small intestine. 
A)  Most digestion occurs in the stomach and most absorption occurs in the small intestine. 
B)  Fat in the small intestine is emulsified by bile that is produced by the gallbladder and stored in the liver. 
C)  Bile molecules in the small intestine have one end that is lipophobic and one end that is hydrophilic. 
D)  The pancreas secretes zymogens and bicarbonate ions into the duodenum of the small intestine. 
E)  Enterokinase is secreted by the pancreas to activate enzymes in the small intestine.

Question 12

The surface area of the intestines is increased in humans by the _______, in sharks by the _______, and in earthworms by the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  villi and microvilli; spiral valve; typhlosole 
B)  villi and microvilli; typhlosole; spiral valve 
C)  villi and microvilli; length of the intestine; spiral valve 
D)  villi and lacteals; spiral valve; typhlosole 
E)  caecum; length of the intestine; villi and microvilli 
A)  villi and microvilli; spiral valve; typhlosole 
B)  villi and microvilli; typhlosole; spiral valve 
C)  villi and microvilli; length of the intestine; spiral valve 
D)  villi and lacteals; spiral valve; typhlosole 
E)  caecum; length of the intestine; villi and microvilli

Question 13

Which statement about the tubular digestive tract of animals is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Food is digested primarily intracellularly. 
B)  There is one opening to the digestive tract. 
C)  Food must always be broken into smaller pieces before ingestion. 
D)  All digestion occurs inside the digestive tract. 
E)  The digestive tract is uniform throughout its length. 
A)  Food is digested primarily intracellularly. 
B)  There is one opening to the digestive tract. 
C)  Food must always be broken into smaller pieces before ingestion. 
D)  All digestion occurs inside the digestive tract. 
E)  The digestive tract is uniform throughout its length.

Question 14

Refer to the figure showing the digestive systems of an earthworm and a cockroach.   Identify the structure in each organism used for grinding food.

Accepted Answer

A)  A in earthworm and A in cockroach 
B)  C in earthworm and B in cockroach 
C)  G in earthworm and C in cockroach 
D)  E in earthworm and F in cockroach 
E)  F in earthworm and D in cockroach 
A)  A in earthworm and A in cockroach 
B)  C in earthworm and B in cockroach 
C)  G in earthworm and C in cockroach 
D)  E in earthworm and F in cockroach 
E)  F in earthworm and D in cockroach

Question 15

The first location in the human gut where chemical digestion occurs is the

Accepted Answer

A)  small intestine. 
B)  esophagus. 
C)  stomach. 
D)  mouth. 
E)  large intestine. 
A)  small intestine. 
B)  esophagus. 
C)  stomach. 
D)  mouth. 
E)  large intestine.

Question 16

Researchers recently reported that the green sea slug, Elysia chlorotica, can incorporate genes from algae, allowing them to use solar energy to meet their energy needs.Sea slugs can therefore be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  predators. 
B)  heterotrophs. 
C)  carnivores. 
D)  herbivores. 
E)  autotrophs. 
A)  predators. 
B)  heterotrophs. 
C)  carnivores. 
D)  herbivores. 
E)  autotrophs.

Question 17

A filter feeder acquires food items by

Accepted Answer

A)  restraining prey with poison. 
B)  restraining prey using claws and jaws. 
C)  ingesting mud and extracting particles. 
D)  filtering food substances from the blood. 
E)  extracting particles suspended in water. 
A)  restraining prey with poison. 
B)  restraining prey using claws and jaws. 
C)  ingesting mud and extracting particles. 
D)  filtering food substances from the blood. 
E)  extracting particles suspended in water.

Question 18

Which layer of the vertebrate gut shows adaptations for increasing absorptive surface area?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lumen 
B)  Mucosa 
C)  Submucosa 
D)  Serosa 
E)  Peritoneum 
A)  Lumen 
B)  Mucosa 
C)  Submucosa 
D)  Serosa 
E)  Peritoneum

Question 19

Of the food components listed, which provides the least amount of metabolic energy for animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbohydrates 
B)  Nucleic acids 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Fats 
E)  Sugars 
A)  Carbohydrates 
B)  Nucleic acids 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Fats 
E)  Sugars

Question 20

Which organ is the main site for the interconversion of fuel molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stomach 
B)  Small intestine 
C)  Pancreas 
D)  Large intestine 
E)  Liver 
A)  Stomach 
B)  Small intestine 
C)  Pancreas 
D)  Large intestine 
E)  Liver

Exam 50: Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Which statement about gastrovascular cavities is true?

The hormone cholecystokinin (CCK), released by the _______, stimulates contractions of the _______, ultimately leading to squirts of _______ entering the lumen of the small intestine.

Refer to the figure showing a mammalian tooth. Based on the figure, which statement about mammalian teeth is true?

The hormone secretin is a chemical message

The major function of the colon, or large intestine, is the

Which event occurs when parietal cells of the stomach create an enormous concentration difference in H+ across their plasma membranes?

A woman who has heavy menstrual bleeding each month goes to the doctor because of persistent fatigue.Her doctor explains she is suffering from a deficiency in a micronutrient.The doctor is most likely to prescribe a(n)

Insulin is released by the pancreas when blood levels of

Refer to the figure showing hormonal control of digestion. Based on the figure, the production of highly acidic chyme will result in

Which statement about vitamin C is true?

Which statement about digestion in the small intestine is true?

The surface area of the intestines is increased in humans by the _______, in sharks by the _______, and in earthworms by the _______.

Which statement about the tubular digestive tract of animals is true?

Refer to the figure showing the digestive systems of an earthworm and a cockroach. Identify the structure in each organism used for grinding food.

The first location in the human gut where chemical digestion occurs is the

Researchers recently reported that the green sea slug, Elysia chlorotica, can incorporate genes from algae, allowing them to use solar energy to meet their energy needs.Sea slugs can therefore be described as

A filter feeder acquires food items by

Which layer of the vertebrate gut shows adaptations for increasing absorptive surface area?

Of the food components listed, which provides the least amount of metabolic energy for animals?

Which organ is the main site for the interconversion of fuel molecules?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

The hormone cholecystokinin (CCK), released by the ___, stimulates contractions of the _, ultimately leading to squirts of _____ entering the lumen of the small intestine.

Which event occurs when parietal cells of the stomach create an enormous concentration difference in H⁺ across their plasma membranes?

The surface area of the intestines is increased in humans by the ___, in sharks by the _, and in earthworms by the _____.