Question 1

Refer to the figure showing a mammalian tooth.   Based on the figure, which statement about mammalian teeth is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enamel covers the crown and the root of a tooth. 
B)  Teeth lack nerves and blood vessels. 
C)  Bone surrounds the entire tooth. 
D)  Cement is restricted to the root of a tooth. 
E)  Dentine is restricted to the crown of a tooth. 
A)  Enamel covers the crown and the root of a tooth. 
B)  Teeth lack nerves and blood vessels. 
C)  Bone surrounds the entire tooth. 
D)  Cement is restricted to the root of a tooth. 
E)  Dentine is restricted to the crown of a tooth.

Question 2

The pancreatic duct cells and the parietal cells of the stomach both express high levels of carbonic anhydrase.Explain how the actions of this enzyme are similar in both cases, but how the consequences in terms of influences on the pH of the blood are different.

Accepted Answer

Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the hydrati

Question 3

After being on an antibiotic for an extended period, your doctor checks various nutrient levels in your blood.Not surprisingly, your levels of _______ are low, which would explain why you have been bruising easily lately.Your doctor recommends that you start adding _______ to your diet.

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin; fresh fruits, primarily citrus fruits 
B)  vitamin K; liver and yogurt containing live cultures 
C)  folic acid; pasta that is fortified with folic acid 
D)  potassium; table salt 
E)  fatty acids; lean meats 
A)  hemoglobin; fresh fruits, primarily citrus fruits 
B)  vitamin K; liver and yogurt containing live cultures 
C)  folic acid; pasta that is fortified with folic acid 
D)  potassium; table salt 
E)  fatty acids; lean meats

Question 4

Prior to migration, a hummingbird consumes large amounts of nectar and insects, nearly doubling its weight.The added weight is stored primarily as

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose, because most of their diet is sugars. 
B)  glycogen, because glycogen can be stored in the muscles needed for flight. 
C)  fat, because it is the most compact fuel. 
D)  protein, because it will be needed for muscle repair during flight. 
E)  water, because dehydration is one of the greatest risks the birds will face during migration. 
A)  glucose, because most of their diet is sugars. 
B)  glycogen, because glycogen can be stored in the muscles needed for flight. 
C)  fat, because it is the most compact fuel. 
D)  protein, because it will be needed for muscle repair during flight. 
E)  water, because dehydration is one of the greatest risks the birds will face during migration.

Question 5

A strictly vegan diet with no vitamin B12 supplements can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  beriberi. 
B)  pellagra. 
C)  pernicious anemia. 
D)  scurvy. 
E)  night blindness. 
A)  beriberi. 
B)  pellagra. 
C)  pernicious anemia. 
D)  scurvy. 
E)  night blindness.

Question 6

The initial digestion of protein in the vertebrate digestive tract begins in the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The initial digestion of protein in the...

Question 7

A scientist doing research on a mouse measures insulin levels in its blood, glycogen synthase levels in its liver, and lipase levels in its fat tissue.She takes these measurements before and after feeding the mouse a starchy meal.Following the starchy meal, it is likely that the insulin levels in the blood

Accepted Answer

A)  have fallen, glycogen synthase levels in the liver have fallen, and lipase levels in the fat tissue have risen. 
B)  and glycogen synthase levels in the liver have not changed, but lipase levels in the fat tissue have risen. 
C)  and glycogen synthase levels in the liver have not changed, but lipase levels in the fat tissue have fallen. 
D)  and glycogen synthase levels in the liver have risen, and lipase levels in the fat tissue have fallen. 
E)  have risen, and glycogen synthase levels in the liver as well as lipase levels in the fat tissue have fallen. 
A)  have fallen, glycogen synthase levels in the liver have fallen, and lipase levels in the fat tissue have risen. 
B)  and glycogen synthase levels in the liver have not changed, but lipase levels in the fat tissue have risen. 
C)  and glycogen synthase levels in the liver have not changed, but lipase levels in the fat tissue have fallen. 
D)  and glycogen synthase levels in the liver have risen, and lipase levels in the fat tissue have fallen. 
E)  have risen, and glycogen synthase levels in the liver as well as lipase levels in the fat tissue have fallen.

Question 8

Which vitamin is most likely deficient in a person who eats liver regularly, yet presents with anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pantothenic acid 
B)  Biotin 
C)  Vitamin B12 
D)  Vitamin E 
E)  Folic acid 
A)  Pantothenic acid 
B)  Biotin 
C)  Vitamin B12 
D)  Vitamin E 
E)  Folic acid

Question 9

Refer to the figure showing the digestive systems of an earthworm and a cockroach.   Identify the structure in each organism used for food storage and some minimal, initial digestion.

Accepted Answer

A)  B in earthworm and A in cockroach 
B)  C in earthworm and B in cockroach 
C)  G in earthworm and C in cockroach 
D)  E in earthworm and F in cockroach 
E)  F in earthworm and D in cockroach 
A)  B in earthworm and A in cockroach 
B)  C in earthworm and B in cockroach 
C)  G in earthworm and C in cockroach 
D)  E in earthworm and F in cockroach 
E)  F in earthworm and D in cockroach

Question 10

Which is a correct pairing of sphincter and function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Upper esophageal sphincter: allows passage of food from the larynx into the pharynx during swallowing 
B)  Pyloric sphincter: governs passage of stomach contents into the small intestine 
C)  Ileocaecal sphincter: governs passage of large intestine contents into the cecum 
D)  Lower esophageal sphincter: contracts to push food from the esophagus into the stomach 
E)  Internal anal sphincter: contracts to cause defecation 
A)  Upper esophageal sphincter: allows passage of food from the larynx into the pharynx during swallowing 
B)  Pyloric sphincter: governs passage of stomach contents into the small intestine 
C)  Ileocaecal sphincter: governs passage of large intestine contents into the cecum 
D)  Lower esophageal sphincter: contracts to push food from the esophagus into the stomach 
E)  Internal anal sphincter: contracts to cause defecation

Question 11

The nutritional deficiency disease rickets is caused by an inadequate supply of the fat-soluble vitamin

Accepted Answer

A)  A (retinol). 
B)  D (calciferol). 
C)  E (tocopherol). 
D)  K (menadione). 
E)  B7 (biotin). 
A)  A (retinol). 
B)  D (calciferol). 
C)  E (tocopherol). 
D)  K (menadione). 
E)  B7 (biotin).

Question 12

Numerous organisms in deep-sea thermal vents, far below the surface and away from any light, survive by harvesting the chemical energy stored in the bonds of inorganic molecules that rise from the interior of Earth.These organisms can be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  autotrophs. 
B)  heterotrophs. 
C)  carnivores. 
D)  herbivores. 
E)  predators. 
A)  autotrophs. 
B)  heterotrophs. 
C)  carnivores. 
D)  herbivores. 
E)  predators.

Question 13

The first hormone ever discovered was _______, which is released by the small intestine and acts on the pancreas.

Accepted Answer

A)  testosterone. 
B)  gastrin. 
C)  secretin. 
D)  gluconeogenase. 
E)  glucagon. 
A)  testosterone. 
B)  gastrin. 
C)  secretin. 
D)  gluconeogenase. 
E)  glucagon.

Question 14

Which statement about energy storage is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscle as glucose. 
B)  Fat is not an important form of stored energy. 
C)  Fat has the lowest energy content per gram. 
D)  Protein is the most important energy storage component. 
E)  The total glycogen stores are usually not more than a day's energy requirements. 
A)  Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscle as glucose. 
B)  Fat is not an important form of stored energy. 
C)  Fat has the lowest energy content per gram. 
D)  Protein is the most important energy storage component. 
E)  The total glycogen stores are usually not more than a day's energy requirements.

Question 15

If a cow were given a broad spectrum of antibiotics for an infection, digestion of which nutrient(s) would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose 
B)  Proteins 
C)  Fatty acids 
D)  Cellulose 
E)  Nucleic acids 
A)  Glucose 
B)  Proteins 
C)  Fatty acids 
D)  Cellulose 
E)  Nucleic acids

Question 16

Refer to the figure showing the intestinal surface area of various organisms.   In the figure of the human intestine, what is the structure labeled E, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Villus; contracts, contributing to the wave of peristalsis 
B)  Mucosa; produces mucus 
C)  Peritoneum; protects the surface of the intestine 
D)  Microvillus; increases absorptive surface area 
E)  Cilium; moves chyme through the intestine 
A)  Villus; contracts, contributing to the wave of peristalsis 
B)  Mucosa; produces mucus 
C)  Peritoneum; protects the surface of the intestine 
D)  Microvillus; increases absorptive surface area 
E)  Cilium; moves chyme through the intestine

Question 17

While humans gain vitamins, such as _______, from their intestinal microbiome, they do not depend on their microbiome for major breakdown of plant materials in their stomachs, as _______ do.

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin A and vitamin B12; goats 
B)  vitamin K and biotin; moose 
C)  vitamin D; elephants 
D)  vitamin E; rabbits 
E)  vitamin B7; tigers 
A)  vitamin A and vitamin B12; goats 
B)  vitamin K and biotin; moose 
C)  vitamin D; elephants 
D)  vitamin E; rabbits 
E)  vitamin B7; tigers

Question 18

Most animals process their food through (extracellular or intracellular) _______ digestion within a gut.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most animals process their food through (extracellular...

Question 19

Food intake behavior is regulated by the region of the brain known as the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Food intake behavior is regulated by the...

Question 20

Refer to the figure showing the digestive systems of two animals.   How do the structures marked 1 and 2 compare with each other?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both secrete HCl and proteases for digesting proteins. 
B)  Both contain fermented food and microorganisms. 
C)  Structure 1 contains undigested cellulose and structure 2 contains digested cellulose. 
D)  Structure 1 receives enzymes from the pancreas and structure 2 does not. 
E)  Both function to store food and deliver it gradually to the small intestine. 
A)  Both secrete HCl and proteases for digesting proteins. 
B)  Both contain fermented food and microorganisms. 
C)  Structure 1 contains undigested cellulose and structure 2 contains digested cellulose. 
D)  Structure 1 receives enzymes from the pancreas and structure 2 does not. 
E)  Both function to store food and deliver it gradually to the small intestine.

Exam 50: Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Refer to the figure showing a mammalian tooth. Based on the figure, which statement about mammalian teeth is true?

The pancreatic duct cells and the parietal cells of the stomach both express high levels of carbonic anhydrase.Explain how the actions of this enzyme are similar in both cases, but how the consequences in terms of influences on the pH of the blood are different.

After being on an antibiotic for an extended period, your doctor checks various nutrient levels in your blood.Not surprisingly, your levels of _______ are low, which would explain why you have been bruising easily lately.Your doctor recommends that you start adding _______ to your diet.

Prior to migration, a hummingbird consumes large amounts of nectar and insects, nearly doubling its weight.The added weight is stored primarily as

A strictly vegan diet with no vitamin B12 supplements can lead to

The initial digestion of protein in the vertebrate digestive tract begins in the _______.

Which vitamin is most likely deficient in a person who eats liver regularly, yet presents with anemia?

Refer to the figure showing the digestive systems of an earthworm and a cockroach. Identify the structure in each organism used for food storage and some minimal, initial digestion.

Which is a correct pairing of sphincter and function?

The nutritional deficiency disease rickets is caused by an inadequate supply of the fat-soluble vitamin

Numerous organisms in deep-sea thermal vents, far below the surface and away from any light, survive by harvesting the chemical energy stored in the bonds of inorganic molecules that rise from the interior of Earth.These organisms can be described as

The first hormone ever discovered was _______, which is released by the small intestine and acts on the pancreas.

Which statement about energy storage is true?

If a cow were given a broad spectrum of antibiotics for an infection, digestion of which nutrient(s) would be most directly affected?

Refer to the figure showing the intestinal surface area of various organisms. In the figure of the human intestine, what is the structure labeled E, and what is its function?

While humans gain vitamins, such as _______, from their intestinal microbiome, they do not depend on their microbiome for major breakdown of plant materials in their stomachs, as _______ do.

Most animals process their food through (extracellular or intracellular) _______ digestion within a gut.

Food intake behavior is regulated by the region of the brain known as the _______.

Refer to the figure showing the digestive systems of two animals. How do the structures marked 1 and 2 compare with each other?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

After being on an antibiotic for an extended period, your doctor checks various nutrient levels in your blood.Not surprisingly, your levels of _ are low, which would explain why you have been bruising easily lately.Your doctor recommends that you start adding _ to your diet.

A strictly vegan diet with no vitamin B₁₂ supplements can lead to

While humans gain vitamins, such as _, from their intestinal microbiome, they do not depend on their microbiome for major breakdown of plant materials in their stomachs, as _ do.