Exam 50: Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Refer to the figure showing the intestinal surface area of various organisms. Identify structures A-E, all of which serve to increase intestinal surface area.

Most plants, some bacteria, and some protists are autotrophs.Animals, however, are _______ because they derive both their energy and their structural molecules from food.

If you are lost without food, you will use up your carbohydrate reserves in about a day, but you can rely on your _______ reserves for a longer period of time before your body starts to metabolize its own proteins.

Refer to the figure showing a portion of the human stomach. In humans, which event occurs prior to reaching the part of the stomach shown in the figure?

Refer to the figure.In an experiment to test the function of leptin in mice, parabiotic twins were created by surgically connecting the circulatory systems of a wild-type (WT) mouse with an obese mouse or a wild-type mouse.The obese mouse either lacked functional leptin (genotype ob/ob) or lacked the receptor for leptin (genotype db/db).After allowing the mice to feed at will, they observed the results shown in the figure. It is most likely that

Gluconeogenesis occurs in the _______ and involves the conversion of _______ into glucose.

Refer to the figure of a human swallowing food (green). What has happened between panels 1 and 2?

Earthworms and crabs that feed actively on dead organic matter are called _______.

Eating a small serving of a food that is very acidic might present something of a paradox to your stomach because

With regard to dietary specialization, a jawbone containing many molars and premolars but no canines likely belongs to a(n) _______.

When a bird is getting ready for migration, it eats large amounts and stores the energy primarily as _______ because it is compact and contains a high amount of energy per gram.

In humans, which structure is closed off from food when food is swallowed?

Which event occurs in the small intestine?

Refer to the figure showing the digestive systems of three organisms. Based on the figure, which of these animals has a gut that is best adapted for grinding up the food they ingest prior to chemical digestion, and what is the structure that allows this?

A malnourished patient in late-stage anorexia is admitted to the hospital.This patient is exhibiting _______ in the abdomen, hands, and feet due to metabolizing her own blood plasma proteins.

Refer to the figure showing hormonal control of digestion. Based on the figure, the action(s) shown at _______ will result in _______.

The enzyme _______ is the active form of a precursor secreted by the _______, where it begins the digestion of _______.

Refer to the table.In mice, a single-gene mutation can lead to obesity.The Ob gene codes for the protein leptin.The recessive ob allele is a loss-of-function allele, so ob/ob mice do not produce leptin, and they become obese.In an experiment, leptin was injected into ob/ob and Ob/Ob (wild-type) mice daily.The data in the table below were collected before the injections began (baseline) and 10 days later.(Assume that the Ob allele is dominant.) What conclusion can be drawn from the data in the table?

Which statement about lipoproteins is true?

A friend who is healing from a bad cut wants to speed up the process by taking vitamin supplements.After studying the functions of vitamins, he makes a list of those that promote healing and is planning on taking megadoses of these.You warn him against taking megadoses of _______ because it can build up to toxic levels in his liver.You are less worried about his taking megadoses of _______, because any excess he takes will be eliminated in his urine.