Exam 50: Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

When fat reserves are depleted, plasma proteins are used for energy.Metabolism of plasma proteins _______ the osmotic concentration of the plasma, causing _______ movement of fluid to the _______.

Jerry has not eaten for several hours.His blood glucose levels have fallen below normal, so Jerry's body releases the hormone _______ to bring his body back to homeostasis.

Which feature protects the walls of the stomach against the action of its own digestive juices?

Adventurers attempting to recreate the Polynesians' months- or years-long trips across the ocean would likely carry _______ with them to avoid the ascorbic acid deficiency called _______.

A high level of glucose in the bloodstream would trigger secretion of

Which feature characterizes the submucosa layer of the vertebrate gut?

You have two cages of mice that have been allowed to feed at will.One cage contains mice lacking leptin receptors, and the other contains mice lacking ghrelin receptors.The tags on the cages have been lost, but you reason that the cage of obese mice must be the ones lacking _______ receptors.

Create a flow chart of the following organs, indicating the order in which they occur from the start to the end of the human gut: small intestine, anus, esophagus, large intestine, mouth, and stomach.Indicate in which of these organs chemical digestion occurs, and the particular nutrient (e.g., fat, protein) being broken down.Also, indicate in which of the organs absorption occurs, and the particular nutrient or substance absorbed.

The organ that controls most of the balance between circulating and storing nutrients is the _______.

Which statement about vitamins is true?

Refer to the figure showing a shark. In area A of the digestive tract of this shark, you would expect to find enzymes, primarily _______, which hydrolyze bonds between amino acids.

Which action is part of the reflexes that occur during swallowing?

Choose the correct pairing between vitamin or mineral and the associated deficiency disease.

Refer to the table.In mice, a single-gene mutation can lead to obesity.The Ob gene codes for the protein leptin.The recessive ob allele is a loss-of-function allele, so ob/ob mice do not produce leptin.In an experiment, leptin was injected into ob/ob and Ob/Ob (wild-type) mice daily.The data in the table below were collected before the injections began (baseline) and 10 days later.(Assume that the Ob allele is dominant.) Suppose that on day 11 of the study, the leptin injections are halted and measurements on the mice are taken again at day 20.What values for food intake, body mass, metabolic rate, and body temperature might one reasonably expect to observe at day 20?

We can synthesize almost all the lipids required by our bodies from acetyl units obtained from carbohydrates or fats, but we must have a dietary source of essential _______, notably linoleic acid.

Which is the true stomach of a ruminant?

Why would taking megadoses of vitamin A be more risky for your health than taking megadoses of niacin?

The gut of a vertebrate is often described as an elongated tube consisting of four layers of different cell types.Which represents the correct order of those layers, from innermost (lumen-facing) to outermost?

How does cotransport of sodium in a symporter facilitate glucose absorption?

You get up late and rush to class without eating breakfast.You have the energy to make it through to lunch because