Exam 50: Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

If you eat a sugary snack, the release of insulin from your pancreas will cause your liver cells to synthesize _______ from the glucose and will prevent your adipose cells from breaking down stored lipids (or fats).

Colonies of _______ microorganisms live within the rumen and reticulum of ruminants, where they break down cellulose by fermentation.

Refer to the figure showing hormonal control of digestion. Using the figure, determine what will happen after a person who is unable to produce normal levels of cholecystokinin eats a fatty meal.

Which feature characterizes the Calorie (Cal)?

Supplementation with _______ helps prevent the nutritional deficiency disease called goiter.

Choose the correct order (and major function) for the three sections of the human small intestine.

Refer to the table.In mice, a single-gene mutation can lead to obesity.The Ob gene codes for the protein leptin.The recessive ob allele is a loss-of-function allele, so ob/ob mice do not produce leptin.In an experiment, leptin was injected into ob/ob and Ob/Ob (wild-type) mice daily.The data in the table below were collected before the injections began (baseline) and 10 days later.(Assume that the Ob allele is dominant.) What baseline values would you expect from mice with the heterozygous genotype Ob/ob?

Refer to the figure showing the esophagus and stomach. The food bolus (green) is pushed down the esophagus because

_______ reduces appetite, and _______ stimulates appetite.

Bile aids in the breakdown of lipids by

Which statement about the esophagus is true?

A person who consumes a diet high in whole grains but exhibits pernicious anemia most likely is deficient in

The protein leptin

Which statement characterizes the hormone gastrin?

People who take antacids on a regular basis are likely to impair their absorption of protein nutrients, primarily because

_______ ingest both plant and animal food and process their food through _______ digestion.

Which function is served by the HCl secreted in the stomach?

What is the key adaptation of most vertebrates that serves to increase absorptive area?

Which molecules contain mostly triglycerides and transport them to fat cells in tissues?

Movement of food from the stomach into the esophagus is normally prevented by