Question 1

Which structure of the vertebrate gut is a membrane covering the abdominal organs and lubricating them so they easily slide against one another?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peritoneum 
B)  Mucosal layer 
C)  Submucosal layer 
D)  Circular muscle layer 
E)  Longitudinal muscle layer 
A)  Peritoneum 
B)  Mucosal layer 
C)  Submucosal layer 
D)  Circular muscle layer 
E)  Longitudinal muscle layer

Question 2

Refer to the figure showing the digestive system of a ruminant.   This animal houses a microbiome in the (name two structures) _______ that is primarily responsible for digesting the cellulose in its diet.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure showing the digestive...

Question 3

The enzyme _______, secreted by the _______, activates a zymogen to produce the active protease _______, which can activate other proteases.

Accepted Answer

A)  enterokinase; small intestine; trypsin 
B)  trypsin; small intestine; enterokinase 
C)  enterokinase; pancreas; trypsin 
D)  carboxypeptidase; small intestine; trypsin 
E)  chymotrypsin; small intestine; trypsin 
A)  enterokinase; small intestine; trypsin 
B)  trypsin; small intestine; enterokinase 
C)  enterokinase; pancreas; trypsin 
D)  carboxypeptidase; small intestine; trypsin 
E)  chymotrypsin; small intestine; trypsin

Question 4

The acidic chyme in the small intestine is neutralized in part by

Accepted Answer

A)  bicarbonate from the pancreas. 
B)  buffers from the jejunum. 
C)  bile from the liver. 
D)  trypsin activation. 
E)  a variety of zymogens. 
A)  bicarbonate from the pancreas. 
B)  buffers from the jejunum. 
C)  bile from the liver. 
D)  trypsin activation. 
E)  a variety of zymogens.

Question 5

If 1 kcal = 4.184 joules, then the number of kcal in a diet consisting of 13,398 joules is _______ kcal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If 1 kcal = 4.184 joules, then...

Question 6

Which statement about digestion is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria in the human gut produce vitamin K and biotin. 
B)  Hydrolytic enzymes build macromolecules from monomers. 
C)  The stomach typically contains a large surface area, increased by folds and villi, for absorption of nutrients. 
D)  The human body contains more human cells than bacterial cells. 
E)  The gut epithelium of leeches in the genus Hirudo secretes enzymes that digest the proteins in the blood they suck from vertebrates. 
A)  Bacteria in the human gut produce vitamin K and biotin. 
B)  Hydrolytic enzymes build macromolecules from monomers. 
C)  The stomach typically contains a large surface area, increased by folds and villi, for absorption of nutrients. 
D)  The human body contains more human cells than bacterial cells. 
E)  The gut epithelium of leeches in the genus Hirudo secretes enzymes that digest the proteins in the blood they suck from vertebrates.

Question 7

Which structure serves to increase surface area for nutrient absorption?

Accepted Answer

A)  A human's esophagus 
B)  An earthworm's crop 
C)  A shark's spiral valve 
D)  A bird's gizzard 
E)  A human's lacteals 
A)  A human's esophagus 
B)  An earthworm's crop 
C)  A shark's spiral valve 
D)  A bird's gizzard 
E)  A human's lacteals

Question 8

Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are about _______ percent protein, _______ percent lipids, and _______ percent cholesterol.

Accepted Answer

A)  25; 50; 25 
B)  30; 30; 40 
C)  30; 40; 30 
D)  25; 25; 50 
E)  35; 30; 35 
A)  25; 50; 25 
B)  30; 30; 40 
C)  30; 40; 30 
D)  25; 25; 50 
E)  35; 30; 35

Question 9

Prairie dogs feed on a variety of grasses and herbs, and black-footed ferrets feed almost exclusively on prairie dogs.Both of these animals can be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  heterotrophs. 
B)  saprobes. 
C)  carnivores. 
D)  herbivores. 
E)  autotrophs. 
A)  heterotrophs. 
B)  saprobes. 
C)  carnivores. 
D)  herbivores. 
E)  autotrophs.

Question 10

Refer to the figure showing the digestive system of two animals.   Which animal shown in the figure is more likely to eat its feces, and why?

Accepted Answer

Animal 1 (rabbit) is more like

Question 11

Which statement about digestion is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of proteins are secreted by the pancreas. 
B)  Enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of proteins cleave dipeptides into amino acids. 
C)  Enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of common disaccharides are produced by the stomach epithelial cells. 
D)  Enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of common trisaccharides produce absorbable disaccharides. 
E)  Unabsorbed lactose is metabolized by bacteria in the small intestine. 
A)  Enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of proteins are secreted by the pancreas. 
B)  Enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of proteins cleave dipeptides into amino acids. 
C)  Enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of common disaccharides are produced by the stomach epithelial cells. 
D)  Enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of common trisaccharides produce absorbable disaccharides. 
E)  Unabsorbed lactose is metabolized by bacteria in the small intestine.

Question 12

When studying the digestive enzymes found within the gut of a large marine worm, you would most likely find

Accepted Answer

A)  aminases, which break down proteins into amino acids. 
B)  lipases, which hydrolyze fatty acids. 
C)  nucleases, which digest nuclei. 
D)  carboxylases, which break down carbohydrates. 
E)  proteases, which hydrolyze peptide bonds. 
A)  aminases, which break down proteins into amino acids. 
B)  lipases, which hydrolyze fatty acids. 
C)  nucleases, which digest nuclei. 
D)  carboxylases, which break down carbohydrates. 
E)  proteases, which hydrolyze peptide bonds.

Question 13

Waves of muscle contractions that move the intestinal contents are

Accepted Answer

A)  caused by contractions of skeletal muscle. 
B)  regulated by liver secretions. 
C)  called peristalsis. 
D)  voluntary. 
E)  caused by the relaxation of the smooth muscles of the gut in response to being stretched. 
A)  caused by contractions of skeletal muscle. 
B)  regulated by liver secretions. 
C)  called peristalsis. 
D)  voluntary. 
E)  caused by the relaxation of the smooth muscles of the gut in response to being stretched.

Question 14

Refer to the figure.   The animal on the right is a carnivore, which is a conclusion you can make based on what it is eating as well as its large _______ teeth, used for stabbing, ripping, or gripping.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.   The...

Question 15

The sweetness that you taste if you keep chewing a piece of bread is due to the action of the enzyme

Accepted Answer

A)  amylase. 
B)  sucrase. 
C)  lactase. 
D)  maltase. 
E)  pepsin. 
A)  amylase. 
B)  sucrase. 
C)  lactase. 
D)  maltase. 
E)  pepsin.

Question 16

Refer to the figure showing hormonal control of digestion.   Which arrow(s) in the figure represent(s) an example of negative feedback control? How does this negative feedback control regulate the rate of delivery of substrate to portions of the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Arrow 1-low pH in the stomach inhibits g

Question 17

The section of the small intestine that is the site of most digestion is the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The section of the small intestine that...

Question 18

Which example could be considered analogous to the vertebrate gut?

Accepted Answer

A)  An assembly line producing cars 
B)  A junkyard where pieces of cars are removed one by one 
C)  A cornfield capturing sunlight to form carbohydrates 
D)  A migrating herd of wildebeest 
E)  A chef combining ingredients to produce a meal 
A)  An assembly line producing cars 
B)  A junkyard where pieces of cars are removed one by one 
C)  A cornfield capturing sunlight to form carbohydrates 
D)  A migrating herd of wildebeest 
E)  A chef combining ingredients to produce a meal

Question 19

Choose the correct pairing between digestive organ and its function.

Accepted Answer

A)  Crop: grinds food 
B)  Anus: eliminates nitrogenous wastes 
C)  Gizzard: stores food 
D)  Intestine: absorbs nutrients, water, and ions 
E)  Stomach: absorbs nutrients 
A)  Crop: grinds food 
B)  Anus: eliminates nitrogenous wastes 
C)  Gizzard: stores food 
D)  Intestine: absorbs nutrients, water, and ions 
E)  Stomach: absorbs nutrients

Exam 50: Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Which structure of the vertebrate gut is a membrane covering the abdominal organs and lubricating them so they easily slide against one another?

Refer to the figure showing the digestive system of a ruminant. This animal houses a microbiome in the (name two structures) _______ that is primarily responsible for digesting the cellulose in its diet.

The enzyme _______, secreted by the _______, activates a zymogen to produce the active protease _______, which can activate other proteases.

The acidic chyme in the small intestine is neutralized in part by

If 1 kcal = 4.184 joules, then the number of kcal in a diet consisting of 13,398 joules is _______ kcal.

Which statement about digestion is true?

Which structure serves to increase surface area for nutrient absorption?

Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are about _______ percent protein, _______ percent lipids, and _______ percent cholesterol.

Prairie dogs feed on a variety of grasses and herbs, and black-footed ferrets feed almost exclusively on prairie dogs.Both of these animals can be described as

Refer to the figure showing the digestive system of two animals. Which animal shown in the figure is more likely to eat its feces, and why?

Which statement about digestion is true?

When studying the digestive enzymes found within the gut of a large marine worm, you would most likely find

Waves of muscle contractions that move the intestinal contents are

Refer to the figure. The animal on the right is a carnivore, which is a conclusion you can make based on what it is eating as well as its large _______ teeth, used for stabbing, ripping, or gripping.

The sweetness that you taste if you keep chewing a piece of bread is due to the action of the enzyme

Refer to the figure showing hormonal control of digestion. Which arrow(s) in the figure represent(s) an example of negative feedback control? How does this negative feedback control regulate the rate of delivery of substrate to portions of the digestive system?

The section of the small intestine that is the site of most digestion is the _______.

Which example could be considered analogous to the vertebrate gut?

Choose the correct pairing between digestive organ and its function.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

The enzyme ___, secreted by the _, activates a zymogen to produce the active protease _____, which can activate other proteases.

Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are about ___ percent protein, _ percent lipids, and _____ percent cholesterol.