Question 1

Many digestive enzymes are produced in an inactive, or _______, form.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many digestive enzymes are produced in an...

Question 2

Because fat is lower in density than protein, _______ have more protein in them than they have fat.

Accepted Answer

A)  very low-density lipoproteins 
B)  high-density lipoproteins 
C)  low-density lipoproteins 
D)  glycogens 
E)  blood plasma chylomicrons 
A)  very low-density lipoproteins 
B)  high-density lipoproteins 
C)  low-density lipoproteins 
D)  glycogens 
E)  blood plasma chylomicrons

Question 3

Koalas eat primarily eucalyptus leaves, though they are unable to secrete the enzymes necessary to break down most of the fibrous material of the leaves.The most likely explanation for how they survive on this diet is that

Accepted Answer

A)  their metabolism is so slow that they do not need to derive nutrients from the fibrous material. 
B)  by practicing coprophagia, they are able to obtain further nutrients by secreting cellulase when ingesting feces. 
C)  their digestive tract includes a large cecum that functions primarily to increase the absorptive area of the intestines. 
D)  they harbor a large microbiome in their guts that break down the majority of the fibrous material. 
E)  they drink large amounts of water, which is held in the gut for long periods of time to dissolve the fibrous material. 
A)  their metabolism is so slow that they do not need to derive nutrients from the fibrous material. 
B)  by practicing coprophagia, they are able to obtain further nutrients by secreting cellulase when ingesting feces. 
C)  their digestive tract includes a large cecum that functions primarily to increase the absorptive area of the intestines. 
D)  they harbor a large microbiome in their guts that break down the majority of the fibrous material. 
E)  they drink large amounts of water, which is held in the gut for long periods of time to dissolve the fibrous material.

Question 4

The nutritional disease beriberi results from a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  protein deficiency. 
B)  vitamin deficiency. 
C)  calorie deficiency. 
D)  overdose of fat-soluble vitamins. 
E)  overdose of thyroxine. 
A)  protein deficiency. 
B)  vitamin deficiency. 
C)  calorie deficiency. 
D)  overdose of fat-soluble vitamins. 
E)  overdose of thyroxine.

Question 5

Which activity is not carried out by the liver in the regulation of fuel metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conversion of nutrients into glycogen and fat 
B)  Gluconeogenesis 
C)  Synthesis of plasma proteins from amino acids 
D)  Production of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) for deposit in adipose tissue 
E)  Processing of chylomicrons from the small intestine 
A)  Conversion of nutrients into glycogen and fat 
B)  Gluconeogenesis 
C)  Synthesis of plasma proteins from amino acids 
D)  Production of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) for deposit in adipose tissue 
E)  Processing of chylomicrons from the small intestine

Question 6

Which statement about vitamin D is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Inuit peoples of the Arctic obtain it primarily from sunlight. 
B)  People of middle latitudes obtain it primarily from drinking water. 
C)  Most people obtain it primarily from protein molecules that absorb sunlight. 
D)  Most people obtain it primarily from water-soluble components of foods. 
E)  People in tropical latitudes can obtain it primarily from sunlight. 
A)  The Inuit peoples of the Arctic obtain it primarily from sunlight. 
B)  People of middle latitudes obtain it primarily from drinking water. 
C)  Most people obtain it primarily from protein molecules that absorb sunlight. 
D)  Most people obtain it primarily from water-soluble components of foods. 
E)  People in tropical latitudes can obtain it primarily from sunlight.

Question 7

_______ enzymes, produced at different locations in the gut, break down macromolecules into smaller molecules by adding water.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ enzymes, produced at different locations in...

Question 8

Ingested food typically contains many useful proteins.However, these proteins are not used in the form in which they are ingested; they are broken down into smaller peptides and amino acids.Why is it necessary for the digestive system to break down these ingested proteins?

Accepted Answer

Proteins in digested food are not absorb

Question 9

What might result from taking antacids to neutralize stomach acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ability to digest protein will increase. 
B)  The pepsin in the stomach will not be converted into pepsinogen. 
C)  The lipases in the stomach will no longer be effective at breaking down fats. 
D)  Ingested microorganisms that previously would have been killed may survive in the stomach. 
E)  Stomach cells will no longer be able to move H+ across their plasma membranes into the lumen of the gut. 
A)  The ability to digest protein will increase. 
B)  The pepsin in the stomach will not be converted into pepsinogen. 
C)  The lipases in the stomach will no longer be effective at breaking down fats. 
D)  Ingested microorganisms that previously would have been killed may survive in the stomach. 
E)  Stomach cells will no longer be able to move H+ across their plasma membranes into the lumen of the gut.

Question 10

Chylomicrons are like the tiny micelles of dietary fat in the lumen of the small intestine in that both

Accepted Answer

A)  are coated with bile. 
B)  are lipid-soluble. 
C)  travel through the lymphatic system. 
D)  contain triglycerides. 
E)  are coated with lipoproteins. 
A)  are coated with bile. 
B)  are lipid-soluble. 
C)  travel through the lymphatic system. 
D)  contain triglycerides. 
E)  are coated with lipoproteins.

Question 11

Lipases are enzymes produced by the pancreas that break down

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  nucleic acids. 
C)  proteins. 
D)  fat molecules. 
E)  fatty acids. 
A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  nucleic acids. 
C)  proteins. 
D)  fat molecules. 
E)  fatty acids.

Question 12

Refer to the figure showing the digestive system of two animals.   What are the structures labeled "A" and "B?" How are these structures similar in the way in which they produce nutrients, and how do they differ?

Accepted Answer

Structure A is a cecum, and structure B

Question 13

Which statement about essential amino acids is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are not found in most strict vegetarian diets. 
B)  They are stored by the body until they are needed. 
C)  Without them, the body is undernourished. 
D)  All animals require the same ones. 
E)  Humans can acquire all of their essential amino acids by eating milk, eggs, and meat. 
A)  They are not found in most strict vegetarian diets. 
B)  They are stored by the body until they are needed. 
C)  Without them, the body is undernourished. 
D)  All animals require the same ones. 
E)  Humans can acquire all of their essential amino acids by eating milk, eggs, and meat.

Question 14

In the vertebrate gut, blood and lymph vessels that carry absorbed nutrients to the rest of the body are found in the

Accepted Answer

A)  mucosal epithelium. 
B)  lumen. 
C)  submucosa. 
D)  peritoneum. 
E)  circular muscle layer. 
A)  mucosal epithelium. 
B)  lumen. 
C)  submucosa. 
D)  peritoneum. 
E)  circular muscle layer.

Question 15

Identify the incorrect pairing of a macronutrient with its major function(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  Potassium (K): water balance and blood clotting 
B)  Sodium (Na): water balance and nerve and muscle action 
C)  Magnesium (Mg): required by many enzymes 
D)  Phosphorus (P): component of nucleic acids, ATP, and phospholipids 
E)  Calcium (Ca): nerve and muscle action, and component of bones and teeth 
A)  Potassium (K): water balance and blood clotting 
B)  Sodium (Na): water balance and nerve and muscle action 
C)  Magnesium (Mg): required by many enzymes 
D)  Phosphorus (P): component of nucleic acids, ATP, and phospholipids 
E)  Calcium (Ca): nerve and muscle action, and component of bones and teeth

Question 16

Choose the correct order for the layers of the generalized vertebrate gut, from the lumen outward.

Accepted Answer

A)  Submucosa, mucosa, circular muscle, longitudinal muscle, peritoneum 
B)  Mucosa, submucosa, circular muscle, longitudinal muscle, peritoneum 
C)  Submucosa, mucosa, longitudinal muscle, circular muscle, peritoneum 
D)  Peritoneum, submucosa, mucosa, longitudinal muscle, circular muscle 
E)  Peritoneum, mucosa, submucosa, circular muscle, longitudinal muscle 
A)  Submucosa, mucosa, circular muscle, longitudinal muscle, peritoneum 
B)  Mucosa, submucosa, circular muscle, longitudinal muscle, peritoneum 
C)  Submucosa, mucosa, longitudinal muscle, circular muscle, peritoneum 
D)  Peritoneum, submucosa, mucosa, longitudinal muscle, circular muscle 
E)  Peritoneum, mucosa, submucosa, circular muscle, longitudinal muscle

Question 17

Some mammals have very high-crowned cheek teeth (premolars and molars).Predict whether these animals are carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores.What is the basis for your prediction?

Accepted Answer

Mammals with high-crowned chee

Question 18

The anti-acne medication Retin-A, also used for reduction of wrinkles, has the active ingredient all-trans retinoic acid.If ingested, it can be toxic, but surprisingly it is chemically related to other forms of vitamin A you get on a daily basis primarily from

Accepted Answer

A)  fruits and vegetables. 
B)  meat. 
C)  sunshine. 
D)  intestinal bacteria. 
E)  wheat. 
A)  fruits and vegetables. 
B)  meat. 
C)  sunshine. 
D)  intestinal bacteria. 
E)  wheat.

Question 19

Most animals digest dietary proteins into their constituent amino acids and then synthesize new proteins because

Accepted Answer

A)  all amino acids are essential and cannot be synthesized by animals. 
B)  though protein function is often species-specific, protein structure is not. 
C)  foreign proteins are considered invaders and are attacked by the immune system. 
D)  animals build proteins by first synthesizing acetyl groups from the breakdown products of protein. 
E)  though macromolecules such as proteins can pass freely into the intestinal cells, they cannot then be transported into the blood vessels. 
A)  all amino acids are essential and cannot be synthesized by animals. 
B)  though protein function is often species-specific, protein structure is not. 
C)  foreign proteins are considered invaders and are attacked by the immune system. 
D)  animals build proteins by first synthesizing acetyl groups from the breakdown products of protein. 
E)  though macromolecules such as proteins can pass freely into the intestinal cells, they cannot then be transported into the blood vessels.

Question 20

Which statement about the muscle layers of the human gut is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Contraction of the longitudinal muscles constricts the gut. 
B)  The stomach has two layers of smooth muscle, and a third layer of skeletal muscle. 
C)  The smooth muscle layers are responsible for mixing gut contents and moving them toward the rectum. 
D)  The circular muscle layer of the stomach is external to the longitudinal layer. 
E)  The circular muscles shorten the gut. 
A)  Contraction of the longitudinal muscles constricts the gut. 
B)  The stomach has two layers of smooth muscle, and a third layer of skeletal muscle. 
C)  The smooth muscle layers are responsible for mixing gut contents and moving them toward the rectum. 
D)  The circular muscle layer of the stomach is external to the longitudinal layer. 
E)  The circular muscles shorten the gut.

Exam 50: Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Many digestive enzymes are produced in an inactive, or _______, form.

Because fat is lower in density than protein, _______ have more protein in them than they have fat.

Koalas eat primarily eucalyptus leaves, though they are unable to secrete the enzymes necessary to break down most of the fibrous material of the leaves.The most likely explanation for how they survive on this diet is that

The nutritional disease beriberi results from a(n)

Which activity is not carried out by the liver in the regulation of fuel metabolism?

Which statement about vitamin D is true?

_______ enzymes, produced at different locations in the gut, break down macromolecules into smaller molecules by adding water.

Ingested food typically contains many useful proteins.However, these proteins are not used in the form in which they are ingested; they are broken down into smaller peptides and amino acids.Why is it necessary for the digestive system to break down these ingested proteins?

What might result from taking antacids to neutralize stomach acids?

Chylomicrons are like the tiny micelles of dietary fat in the lumen of the small intestine in that both

Lipases are enzymes produced by the pancreas that break down

Refer to the figure showing the digestive system of two animals. What are the structures labeled "A" and "B?" How are these structures similar in the way in which they produce nutrients, and how do they differ?

Which statement about essential amino acids is true?

In the vertebrate gut, blood and lymph vessels that carry absorbed nutrients to the rest of the body are found in the

Identify the incorrect pairing of a macronutrient with its major function(s).

Choose the correct order for the layers of the generalized vertebrate gut, from the lumen outward.

Some mammals have very high-crowned cheek teeth (premolars and molars).Predict whether these animals are carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores.What is the basis for your prediction?

The anti-acne medication Retin-A, also used for reduction of wrinkles, has the active ingredient all-trans retinoic acid.If ingested, it can be toxic, but surprisingly it is chemically related to other forms of vitamin A you get on a daily basis primarily from

Most animals digest dietary proteins into their constituent amino acids and then synthesize new proteins because

Which statement about the muscle layers of the human gut is true?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters