Question 1

A disadvantage to protostomes having an anterior brain is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the distance between the brain and senses is shorter, allowing for more rapid transmission of impulses. 
B)  it concentrates the senses in one region of the body. 
C)  bilateral animals move through the environment head first. 
D)  it is located next to the gas exchange structures. 
E)  It is more vulnerable to damage. 
A)  the distance between the brain and senses is shorter, allowing for more rapid transmission of impulses. 
B)  it concentrates the senses in one region of the body. 
C)  bilateral animals move through the environment head first. 
D)  it is located next to the gas exchange structures. 
E)  It is more vulnerable to damage. E

Question 2

If a specimen found in coarse marine sediments of the continental shelf measures 0.5 millimeters and has six cuticular plates, it is most likely a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

loriciferan

Question 3

In mollusks, the gills

Accepted Answer

A)  form a rasping structure called a radula. 
B)  are located in the mantle cavity. 
C)  are nonvascularized. 
D)  are located on the surface of the shell. 
E)  are modified into an excurrent siphon (in squid). 
A)  form a rasping structure called a radula. 
B)  are located in the mantle cavity. 
C)  are nonvascularized. 
D)  are located on the surface of the shell. 
E)  are modified into an excurrent siphon (in squid). B

Question 4

Growth in ecdysozoans is accomplished by _______, a periodic shedding of the exoskeleton followed by the rapid hardening of a new and larger exoskeleton that has formed under the old one.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Growth in ecdysozoans is accomplished by _______,...

Question 5

Fossilized parts of trilobites, such as head and tail coverings shed during growth, are common fossils in many geological deposits from ancient seas.Keeping in mind that soft body parts are rarely fossilized, what does this indicate about trilobites?

Accepted Answer

A)  The exoskeleton was rigid and hardened. 
B)  Trilobites were primarily terrestrial species. 
C)  Trilobites had a thin cuticle. 
D)  Trilobites represent the larval stage of ancient arthropods. 
E)  Trilobites had internal organs lined with chitin. 
A)  The exoskeleton was rigid and hardened. 
B)  Trilobites were primarily terrestrial species. 
C)  Trilobites had a thin cuticle. 
D)  Trilobites represent the larval stage of ancient arthropods. 
E)  Trilobites had internal organs lined with chitin.

Question 6

Which are vectors for plant and animal diseases, including mange in domestic animals and skin irritation in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Grasshoppers 
B)  Butterflies 
C)  Mites 
D)  Centipedes 
E)  Scorpions 
A)  Grasshoppers 
B)  Butterflies 
C)  Mites 
D)  Centipedes 
E)  Scorpions

Question 7

Which of the following is not one of the major recognized groups of winged insects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insects that cannot fold their wings against the body 
B)  Insects that can fold their wings against the body and undergo incomplete metamorphosis 
C)  Insects that do not undergo metamorphosis 
D)  Insects that can fold their wings against the body and undergo complete metamorphosis 
E)  All of the above are major recognized groups. 
A)  Insects that cannot fold their wings against the body 
B)  Insects that can fold their wings against the body and undergo incomplete metamorphosis 
C)  Insects that do not undergo metamorphosis 
D)  Insects that can fold their wings against the body and undergo complete metamorphosis 
E)  All of the above are major recognized groups.

Question 8

Which group of protostomes accounts for more than half of all known species of living organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insects 
B)  Arachnids 
C)  Crustaceans 
D)  Horsehair worms 
E)  Cephalopods 
A)  Insects 
B)  Arachnids 
C)  Crustaceans 
D)  Horsehair worms 
E)  Cephalopods

Question 9

Caenorhabditis elegans is easy to cultivate, matures in 3 days, and has a fixed number of body cells.This explains why it

Accepted Answer

A)  has been granted the epithet "elegans." 
B)  is a model organism for laboratory studies. 
C)  is a nematode. 
D)  is a soil-inhabiting species. 
E)  is considered an ancestral ecdysozoan. 
A)  has been granted the epithet "elegans." 
B)  is a model organism for laboratory studies. 
C)  is a nematode. 
D)  is a soil-inhabiting species. 
E)  is considered an ancestral ecdysozoan.

Question 10

Phoronids

Accepted Answer

A)  float in the plankton. 
B)  secrete tubes made of chitin. 
C)  are free-swimming. 
D)  do not have a lophophore. 
E)  are greater than 50 cm in length. 
A)  float in the plankton. 
B)  secrete tubes made of chitin. 
C)  are free-swimming. 
D)  do not have a lophophore. 
E)  are greater than 50 cm in length.

Question 11

Some lophotrochozoans have a circular or U-shaped ring of tentacles around the mouth called a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some lophotrochozoans have a circular or U-shaped...

Question 12

The entomologist Terry Erwin estimated that there were 30 million species of insects based on studies he conducted of beetles that fell from 19 trees treated with insecticide.Later studies, however showed that his estimate was probably too high.Which statement about the Erwin study is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It made assumptions about the number of species of host trees. 
B)  It made assumptions about the proportion of beetles that specialize on a specific tree species. 
C)  It made assumptions about the relative proportion of beetles to other insect groups. 
D)  It included chelicerates (spiders and mites), which was the reason for the overestimation. 
E)  It involved the collection of many previously undescribed beetle species. 
A)  It made assumptions about the number of species of host trees. 
B)  It made assumptions about the proportion of beetles that specialize on a specific tree species. 
C)  It made assumptions about the relative proportion of beetles to other insect groups. 
D)  It included chelicerates (spiders and mites), which was the reason for the overestimation. 
E)  It involved the collection of many previously undescribed beetle species.

Question 13

The kinorhynchs and loriciferans are most closely related to

Accepted Answer

A)  nematodes. 
B)  crustaceans. 
C)  tardigrades. 
D)  chelicerates. 
E)  priapulids. 
A)  nematodes. 
B)  crustaceans. 
C)  tardigrades. 
D)  chelicerates. 
E)  priapulids.

Question 14

Which of the following about the lophophore is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ecdysozoans possess them. 
B)  It most likely evolved only once. 
C)  All animals that possess it are mobile. 
D)  It is a circular or U-shaped ring of ciliated, hollow tentacles. 
E)  It is used for gas exchange but not for feeding. 
A)  Ecdysozoans possess them. 
B)  It most likely evolved only once. 
C)  All animals that possess it are mobile. 
D)  It is a circular or U-shaped ring of ciliated, hollow tentacles. 
E)  It is used for gas exchange but not for feeding.

Question 15

Fertilized eggs of most crustacean species

Accepted Answer

A)  are laid in hollowed nests in the sand. 
B)  are attached to the outside of the female's body until hatching. 
C)  are spawned into the water column. 
D)  develop within a shell and then hatch as an instar larva. 
E)  go through development within a pupal case. 
A)  are laid in hollowed nests in the sand. 
B)  are attached to the outside of the female's body until hatching. 
C)  are spawned into the water column. 
D)  develop within a shell and then hatch as an instar larva. 
E)  go through development within a pupal case.

Question 16

The ancestral type of wings found among certain hexapods prevents these organisms from crawling into tight spaces.What is the ancestral condition for hexapod wings?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wings that cannot fold against the body 
B)  The forewings form heavy, hardened wing covers over the hindwings 
C)  Possession of three pairs of wings 
D)  Wings attached to the thorax and abdomen 
E)  One pair of wings and a pair of stabilizers, called halteres 
A)  Wings that cannot fold against the body 
B)  The forewings form heavy, hardened wing covers over the hindwings 
C)  Possession of three pairs of wings 
D)  Wings attached to the thorax and abdomen 
E)  One pair of wings and a pair of stabilizers, called halteres

Question 17

Caenorhabditis elegans is a model organism in the laboratories of geneticists and developmental biologists.It matures in three days, has a fixed number of body cells, and is

Accepted Answer

A)  a marine gastropod. 
B)  a soil-inhabiting nematode. 
C)  a horsehair worm. 
D)  a polychaete worm. 
E)  an arthropod. 
A)  a marine gastropod. 
B)  a soil-inhabiting nematode. 
C)  a horsehair worm. 
D)  a polychaete worm. 
E)  an arthropod.

Question 18

A terrestrial nematode found in upper layers of topsoil exchanges gases through

Accepted Answer

A)  gills. 
B)  the cuticle and gut. 
C)  the cuticle and gills. 
D)  the mantle. 
E)  the gut and mantle. 
A)  gills. 
B)  the cuticle and gut. 
C)  the cuticle and gills. 
D)  the mantle. 
E)  the gut and mantle.

Question 19

The organisms shown in the figure are lophotrochozoans.   The lophophore is thought to have either evolved independently at least twice, or it is an ancestral feature and has been lost in many groups.Based on the figure, propose an argument as to which of these two statements is correct.

Accepted Answer

The rotifer (A), phoronid (B), and arrow

Question 20

In free-living flatworms, which function does not occur by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiration 
B)  Absorption of nutrients 
C)  Excretion 
D)  Distribution of nutrients within the body 
E)  Chemoreception 
A)  Respiration 
B)  Absorption of nutrients 
C)  Excretion 
D)  Distribution of nutrients within the body 
E)  Chemoreception

Exam 31: Protostome Animals

A disadvantage to protostomes having an anterior brain is that

If a specimen found in coarse marine sediments of the continental shelf measures 0.5 millimeters and has six cuticular plates, it is most likely a(n) _______.

In mollusks, the gills

Growth in ecdysozoans is accomplished by _______, a periodic shedding of the exoskeleton followed by the rapid hardening of a new and larger exoskeleton that has formed under the old one.

Fossilized parts of trilobites, such as head and tail coverings shed during growth, are common fossils in many geological deposits from ancient seas.Keeping in mind that soft body parts are rarely fossilized, what does this indicate about trilobites?

Which are vectors for plant and animal diseases, including mange in domestic animals and skin irritation in humans?

Which of the following is not one of the major recognized groups of winged insects?

Which group of protostomes accounts for more than half of all known species of living organisms?

Caenorhabditis elegans is easy to cultivate, matures in 3 days, and has a fixed number of body cells.This explains why it

Phoronids

Some lophotrochozoans have a circular or U-shaped ring of tentacles around the mouth called a(n) _______.

The entomologist Terry Erwin estimated that there were 30 million species of insects based on studies he conducted of beetles that fell from 19 trees treated with insecticide.Later studies, however showed that his estimate was probably too high.Which statement about the Erwin study is false?

The kinorhynchs and loriciferans are most closely related to

Which of the following about the lophophore is true?

Fertilized eggs of most crustacean species

The ancestral type of wings found among certain hexapods prevents these organisms from crawling into tight spaces.What is the ancestral condition for hexapod wings?

Caenorhabditis elegans is a model organism in the laboratories of geneticists and developmental biologists.It matures in three days, has a fixed number of body cells, and is

A terrestrial nematode found in upper layers of topsoil exchanges gases through

The organisms shown in the figure are lophotrochozoans. The lophophore is thought to have either evolved independently at least twice, or it is an ancestral feature and has been lost in many groups.Based on the figure, propose an argument as to which of these two statements is correct.

In free-living flatworms, which function does not occur by simple diffusion?

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