Question 1

Spiral cleavage in early development

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs in all lophotrochozoans. 
B)  is a useful trait for establishing evolutionary relationships among organisms. 
C)  occurs only in wormlike groups of lophotrochozoans. 
D)  may have been present in the lophotrochozoan ancestor. 
E)  always results in adult organisms that have similar body plans. 
A)  occurs in all lophotrochozoans. 
B)  is a useful trait for establishing evolutionary relationships among organisms. 
C)  occurs only in wormlike groups of lophotrochozoans. 
D)  may have been present in the lophotrochozoan ancestor. 
E)  always results in adult organisms that have similar body plans.

Question 2

_______ are probably most similar to ancestral arthropods.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chelicerates 
B)  Nematodes 
C)  Crustaceans 
D)  Onychophorans 
E)  Trilobites 
A)  Chelicerates 
B)  Nematodes 
C)  Crustaceans 
D)  Onychophorans 
E)  Trilobites

Question 3

A thick cuticle in ecdysozoans

Accepted Answer

A)  allows for greater gas exchange surface area. 
B)  serves as an exoskeleton. 
C)  is retained throughout the life of the animal. 
D)  stores metabolic waste products. 
E)  stores energy. 
A)  allows for greater gas exchange surface area. 
B)  serves as an exoskeleton. 
C)  is retained throughout the life of the animal. 
D)  stores metabolic waste products. 
E)  stores energy.

Question 4

Refer to the figure.   The juvenile stage of this adult insect

Accepted Answer

A)  has no mouthparts. 
B)  gradually changes to the adult form. 
C)  is reproductively active. 
D)  would be described as holometabolous. 
E)  has two pairs of stiff, membranous wings. 
A)  has no mouthparts. 
B)  gradually changes to the adult form. 
C)  is reproductively active. 
D)  would be described as holometabolous. 
E)  has two pairs of stiff, membranous wings.

Question 5

Which of the following animals is least likely to possess an anus? (Consider whether or not the digestive tract is complete.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Flatworms 
B)  Phoronids 
C)  Arrow worms 
D)  Annelids 
E)  Nematodes 
A)  Flatworms 
B)  Phoronids 
C)  Arrow worms 
D)  Annelids 
E)  Nematodes

Question 6

Which statement about protostomes is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have a complete digestive system. 
B)  They have mesoderm. 
C)  An anus forms from the blastopore. 
D)  They have a coelom. 
E)  They are radially symmetrical. 
A)  They have a complete digestive system. 
B)  They have mesoderm. 
C)  An anus forms from the blastopore. 
D)  They have a coelom. 
E)  They are radially symmetrical.

Question 7

Parasitic nematodes differ from free-living species in that parasitic nematodes

Accepted Answer

A)  have simple life cycles. 
B)  have multiple stages in their life cycles within the same host. 
C)  cause elephantiasis in humans. 
D)  are mainly detritivores. 
E)  reproduce asexually. 
A)  have simple life cycles. 
B)  have multiple stages in their life cycles within the same host. 
C)  cause elephantiasis in humans. 
D)  are mainly detritivores. 
E)  reproduce asexually.

Question 8

Insects whose hatchlings are sufficiently similar in form to adults to be recognizable are said to have

Accepted Answer

A)  holometabolous development 
B)  neopterous development. 
C)  accelerated development. 
D)  incomplete metamorphosis. 
E)  complete metamorphosis. 
A)  holometabolous development 
B)  neopterous development. 
C)  accelerated development. 
D)  incomplete metamorphosis. 
E)  complete metamorphosis.

Question 9

Which statement about the mantle of mollusks is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is present in all groups of mollusks except the octopuses. 
B)  In terrestrial gastropods, it is modified into a lung. 
C)  It is part of a filtering device used for feeding in bivalves. 
D)  It is the mechanism of jet propulsion in cephalopods. 
E)  It secretes the shell that provides external protection in most molluscan groups. 
A)  It is present in all groups of mollusks except the octopuses. 
B)  In terrestrial gastropods, it is modified into a lung. 
C)  It is part of a filtering device used for feeding in bivalves. 
D)  It is the mechanism of jet propulsion in cephalopods. 
E)  It secretes the shell that provides external protection in most molluscan groups.

Question 10

Which of the following is not a characteristic of lophotrochozoans?

Accepted Answer

A)  An incomplete digestive tract 
B)  Spiral cleavage early in development 
C)  Lophophores 
D)  Cilia for movement 
E)  A hemocoel 
A)  An incomplete digestive tract 
B)  Spiral cleavage early in development 
C)  Lophophores 
D)  Cilia for movement 
E)  A hemocoel

Question 11

Which statement about ecdysozoans is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  All are wormlike, and their Hox genes indicate they are polyphyletic. 
B)  All have a thin cuticle, and molting evolved several times. 
C)  The hard exoskeleton is composed of chitin and is does not fossilize. 
D)  All possess a cuticle, and their Hox genes indicate they are monophyletic. 
E)  They are all marine forms, and all exchange gases through the body wall. 
A)  All are wormlike, and their Hox genes indicate they are polyphyletic. 
B)  All have a thin cuticle, and molting evolved several times. 
C)  The hard exoskeleton is composed of chitin and is does not fossilize. 
D)  All possess a cuticle, and their Hox genes indicate they are monophyletic. 
E)  They are all marine forms, and all exchange gases through the body wall.

Question 12

The _______ are pterygous insects that undergo complete metamorphosis.

Accepted Answer

A)  butterflies and moths 
B)  grasshoppers 
C)  lice 
D)  mayflies 
E)  termites 
A)  butterflies and moths 
B)  grasshoppers 
C)  lice 
D)  mayflies 
E)  termites

Question 13

Which two features are characteristic of lophotrochozoans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exoskeleton and trochophore larva 
B)  Cuticle and hemocoel 
C)  Lophophore and cuticle 
D)  Exoskeleton and nauplius larva 
E)  Lophophore and trochophore larva 
A)  Exoskeleton and trochophore larva 
B)  Cuticle and hemocoel 
C)  Lophophore and cuticle 
D)  Exoskeleton and nauplius larva 
E)  Lophophore and trochophore larva

Question 14

Refer to the figure.   What features found within modern arthropod groups cannot be seen in this 450-million-year-old fossil of a Devonian trilobite?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wings 
B)  Specialization of some segments 
C)  Exoskeleton 
D)  Segmentation 
E)  Legs that are jointed 
A)  Wings 
B)  Specialization of some segments 
C)  Exoskeleton 
D)  Segmentation 
E)  Legs that are jointed

Question 15

Refer to the figure.   Identify each organism (A.-D.) as cephalopod, chiton, bivalve, and gastropod.Then identify the following structures for each organism that has them: stomach, intestine, foot, anus, gill(s), mantle, shell, beak, heart, mouth, and digestive gland.

Accepted Answer

A. Chiton
a. Shell plates
b. Anus
c. Foo

Question 16

Without specialized organs for transporting oxygen to internal tissues, gas exchange in flatworms is accomplished through _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Without specialized organs for transporting oxygen to...

Question 17

Parasitic flukes _______, and thus most of the body can be devoted to reproduction.

Accepted Answer

A)  are not dependent on their host's circulatory system 
B)  have complete digestive tracts. 
C)  have a highly developed nervous system 
D)  acquire all of their nutrients from their host 
E)  have a coelom that accommodates reproductive organs 
A)  are not dependent on their host's circulatory system 
B)  have complete digestive tracts. 
C)  have a highly developed nervous system 
D)  acquire all of their nutrients from their host 
E)  have a coelom that accommodates reproductive organs

Question 18

Refer to the figure.   The figure shows the lophophore of a brachiopod between its external valves (shells).From the figure, you can infer that brachiopods

Accepted Answer

A)  are mollusks. 
B)  are not mollusks. 
C)  are common Paleozoic fossils. 
D)  are rare today. 
E)  are active predators that pursue their prey. 
A)  are mollusks. 
B)  are not mollusks. 
C)  are common Paleozoic fossils. 
D)  are rare today. 
E)  are active predators that pursue their prey.

Question 19

The combination of a true coelom, repeating body segments, and lack of a rigid external protective covering allowed the annelids to

Accepted Answer

A)  evolve complex body shapes. 
B)  move through rocky marine sediments. 
C)  become hermaphroditic. 
D)  efficiently exchange gases. 
E)  become larger than their ancestors. 
A)  evolve complex body shapes. 
B)  move through rocky marine sediments. 
C)  become hermaphroditic. 
D)  efficiently exchange gases. 
E)  become larger than their ancestors.

Question 20

Trichinella spiralis, the causative agent of the disease trichinosis, is a

Accepted Answer

A)  ribbon worm. 
B)  flatworm. 
C)  rotifer. 
D)  nematode. 
E)  annelid. 
A)  ribbon worm. 
B)  flatworm. 
C)  rotifer. 
D)  nematode. 
E)  annelid.

Exam 31: Protostome Animals

Spiral cleavage in early development

_______ are probably most similar to ancestral arthropods.

A thick cuticle in ecdysozoans

Refer to the figure. The juvenile stage of this adult insect

Which of the following animals is least likely to possess an anus? (Consider whether or not the digestive tract is complete.)

Which statement about protostomes is true?

Parasitic nematodes differ from free-living species in that parasitic nematodes

Insects whose hatchlings are sufficiently similar in form to adults to be recognizable are said to have

Which statement about the mantle of mollusks is false?

Which of the following is not a characteristic of lophotrochozoans?

Which statement about ecdysozoans is true?

The _______ are pterygous insects that undergo complete metamorphosis.

Which two features are characteristic of lophotrochozoans?

Refer to the figure. What features found within modern arthropod groups cannot be seen in this 450-million-year-old fossil of a Devonian trilobite?

Refer to the figure. Identify each organism (A.-D.) as cephalopod, chiton, bivalve, and gastropod.Then identify the following structures for each organism that has them: stomach, intestine, foot, anus, gill(s), mantle, shell, beak, heart, mouth, and digestive gland.

Without specialized organs for transporting oxygen to internal tissues, gas exchange in flatworms is accomplished through _______.

Parasitic flukes _______, and thus most of the body can be devoted to reproduction.

Refer to the figure. The figure shows the lophophore of a brachiopod between its external valves (shells).From the figure, you can infer that brachiopods

The combination of a true coelom, repeating body segments, and lack of a rigid external protective covering allowed the annelids to

Trichinella spiralis, the causative agent of the disease trichinosis, is a

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