Question 1

Which sentence best explains the difference in position between the curve for r = 1.00 and the curve for r = 0.25?

Accepted Answer

A)  The r = 1.00 curve adds a larger multiple of the population size at each time interval than does the r = 0.25 curve. 
B)  The r = 1.00 curve adds a smaller multiple of the population size at each time interval than does the r = 0.25 curve. 
C)  The r = 1.00 curve adds a multiple of the population size at each time interval and the r = 0.25 curve adds the same number each time. 
D)  The r = 1.00 curve adds the same number to the population size at each time interval; the r = 0.25 curve adds the same number, but a smaller number, each time. 
E)  The r = 1.00 curve adds the same number to the population size at each time interval; the r = 0.25 curve adds the same number, but a larger number, each time. 
A)  The r = 1.00 curve adds a larger multiple of the population size at each time interval than does the r = 0.25 curve. 
B)  The r = 1.00 curve adds a smaller multiple of the population size at each time interval than does the r = 0.25 curve. 
C)  The r = 1.00 curve adds a multiple of the population size at each time interval and the r = 0.25 curve adds the same number each time. 
D)  The r = 1.00 curve adds the same number to the population size at each time interval; the r = 0.25 curve adds the same number, but a smaller number, each time. 
E)  The r = 1.00 curve adds the same number to the population size at each time interval; the r = 0.25 curve adds the same number, but a larger number, each time. A

Question 2

Population X has 10,000 individuals; Population Y has 100,000 individuals.Both have a growth rate of 2 percent.During the first year, how many individuals will be added to each population?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both will add 200 individuals because they have the same growth rate. 
B)  Both will add 2,000 individuals because they have the same growth rate. 
C)  Population A will add 200 individuals and Population B will add 2,000 individuals, due to different starting populations. 
D)  Population A will add 2,000 individuals and Population B will add 200 individuals, due to different starting populations. 
E)  Population A will add 200 individuals because it increases by a constant amount, and Population B will add 2,000 individuals because in increases by a constant proportion. 
A)  Both will add 200 individuals because they have the same growth rate. 
B)  Both will add 2,000 individuals because they have the same growth rate. 
C)  Population A will add 200 individuals and Population B will add 2,000 individuals, due to different starting populations. 
D)  Population A will add 2,000 individuals and Population B will add 200 individuals, due to different starting populations. 
E)  Population A will add 200 individuals because it increases by a constant amount, and Population B will add 2,000 individuals because in increases by a constant proportion. C

Question 3

Since Malthus's time, the carrying capacity of the human population has greatly increased, but most ecologists do not think this increase can be sustained.If the human carrying capacity levels off or declines, this change will most likely occur because humans have

Accepted Answer

A)  used up all the living space available on Earth. 
B)  seriously degraded Earth's life-support systems. 
C)  reached a genetic maximum in population growth rate. 
D)  lost the intellectual ability to make technological advances. 
E)  failed to provide housing and health care for the existing population. 
A)  used up all the living space available on Earth. 
B)  seriously degraded Earth's life-support systems. 
C)  reached a genetic maximum in population growth rate. 
D)  lost the intellectual ability to make technological advances. 
E)  failed to provide housing and health care for the existing population. B

Question 4

Researchers are beginning a study of a field mouse population.To determine the best procedures to use for the mark-recapture method, they try different traps, baits, marking methods, and time intervals between first and second captures.In the first five trials, they have calculated these estimates of population size: 96, 172, 169, 168, and 174 mice.Which trial condition might account for the low estimate of 96 mice in the first trial?

Accepted Answer

A)  Marked mice avoided being captured a second time. 
B)  Marked mice were unable to feed as well as unmarked mice. 
C)  Predators targeted the marked mice more than the unmarked mice. 
D)  The second capture took place before marked mice had completely mixed in. 
E)  Many mice were able to enter and leave traps without being captured. 
A)  Marked mice avoided being captured a second time. 
B)  Marked mice were unable to feed as well as unmarked mice. 
C)  Predators targeted the marked mice more than the unmarked mice. 
D)  The second capture took place before marked mice had completely mixed in. 
E)  Many mice were able to enter and leave traps without being captured.

Question 5

Zebra mussels were brought to North America from Europe and have rapidly spread through the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River.The adults attach to boats, piers, and other hard surfaces.They feed on plankton, clarifying the water but drastically decreasing the food available for native mussels and fish such as salmon and whitefish.The clearer water also promotes toxic algal blooms.Zebra fish can breed in a wide range of temperatures.A zebra mussel lives five years and produces five million eggs, of which 100,000 reach adulthood.The offspring of a single mussel will produce half a billion adult offspring.They have quickly become a major pest species in North America, although they were not pests in their native Europe. A scientist suggests limiting mussel populations by introducing a predator of zebra mussels into the waterways.In the past, such biological control has had varying effects, depending on the species involved.In this case, which situation is the least likely outcome of this form of biological control?

Accepted Answer

A)  The predator brings mussel populations under control and a balance is maintained. 
B)  Introduction of a new predator species causes a further increase in toxic algal blooms. 
C)  The predator has no natural enemies in the waterways; its population soars and it also becomes a pest. 
D)  The predator prefers native prey; the mussel population does not change, but some native populations are decimated. 
E)  Both the zebra mussel and the introduced predator outcompete native species, leading to decreased biodiversity in the waterway. 
A)  The predator brings mussel populations under control and a balance is maintained. 
B)  Introduction of a new predator species causes a further increase in toxic algal blooms. 
C)  The predator has no natural enemies in the waterways; its population soars and it also becomes a pest. 
D)  The predator prefers native prey; the mussel population does not change, but some native populations are decimated. 
E)  Both the zebra mussel and the introduced predator outcompete native species, leading to decreased biodiversity in the waterway.

Question 6

When the per capita growth rate of a population is zero , the population is

Accepted Answer

A)  stable. 
B)  extinct. 
C)  increasing. 
D)  decreasing. 
E)  endangered. 
A)  stable. 
B)  extinct. 
C)  increasing. 
D)  decreasing. 
E)  endangered.

Question 7

Which statement best describes the relationship of life history strategies to the management of wildlife populations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans cannot influence the population dynamics of wild species. 
B)  Understanding the principles of population dynamics is helpful in managing wildlife populations. 
C)  Controlling wildlife populations requires changing reproductive rates, which humans cannot control. 
D)  Humans can manage wild species populations without understanding life history characteristics. 
E)  Principles of population dynamics are useful in controlling undesirable species but not in preserving desirable species. 
A)  Humans cannot influence the population dynamics of wild species. 
B)  Understanding the principles of population dynamics is helpful in managing wildlife populations. 
C)  Controlling wildlife populations requires changing reproductive rates, which humans cannot control. 
D)  Humans can manage wild species populations without understanding life history characteristics. 
E)  Principles of population dynamics are useful in controlling undesirable species but not in preserving desirable species.

Question 8

Wheat is a plant that reproduces only once, producing many seeds (grains of wheat) before it dies.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  iteroparity. 
B)  semelparity. 
C)  linear survivorship. 
D)  concave survivorship. 
E)  maximum reproductive rate. 
A)  iteroparity. 
B)  semelparity. 
C)  linear survivorship. 
D)  concave survivorship. 
E)  maximum reproductive rate.

Question 9

A population of aphids is growing logistically.If the carrying capacity is 2,000 and the per capita growth rate is 0.1 per day, at what size will the population be increasing by 50 aphids per day?

Accepted Answer

A)  1,000 
B)  1,500 
C)  2,000 
D)  3,000 
E)  20,000 
A)  1,000 
B)  1,500 
C)  2,000 
D)  3,000 
E)  20,000

Question 10

Giant pandas live for about 20 years in the moist bamboo forests of southwestern China.Beginning around age 6, females give birth approximately every two years.One or two tiny offspring are born per successful mating, but usually only one is tended by the female over the first 18 months of its life.Which life history strategy fits most of these characteristics, and what type of survivorship curve would the giant panda most likely have?

Accepted Answer

A)  r-strategist; Type I 
B)  r-strategist; Type II 
C)  r-strategist; Type III 
D)  K-strategist; Type I 
E)  K-strategist; Type III 
A)  r-strategist; Type I 
B)  r-strategist; Type II 
C)  r-strategist; Type III 
D)  K-strategist; Type I 
E)  K-strategist; Type III

Question 11

Suppose the starting size of a population (N0) is 5,000.Using the equation shown, calculate the population Nt after one year, given 35 births, 20 deaths, 150 immigrants, and 45 emigrants during this time.

Accepted Answer

A)  4,750 
B)  4,880 
C)  5,120 
D)  5,185 
E)  5,250 
A)  4,750 
B)  4,880 
C)  5,120 
D)  5,185 
E)  5,250

Question 12

In 2010, the United States conducted a census of all residents, from which life tables were constructed for towns, states, and the country.These census-based life tables are examples of what kind of life tables?

Accepted Answer

A)  Static 
B)  Cohort 
C)  Horizontal 
D)  Survivorship 
E)  Stage-dependent 
A)  Static 
B)  Cohort 
C)  Horizontal 
D)  Survivorship 
E)  Stage-dependent

Question 13

The number of individuals in the population divided by the area of the space covered by the population is the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The number of individuals in the population...

Question 14

An introduced insect is devastating several related plant species within a diverse natural area.An environmental manager is tasked with developing and preserving the area.He decides to use a biological control method, a parasitic fly that feeds on the pest insect's larvae.Would this be considered a density-dependent or a density-independent approach to population control?

Accepted Answer

A)  Density-independent, because both pest and biological control agent are introduced 
B)  Density-independent, because it is not likely to completely control the pest's density 
C)  Density-independent, because the parasite could become a pest, causing a natural disaster 
D)  Density-dependent, because it reduces the population density of the pest 
E)  Density-dependent, because both pest and biological control agent are introduced 
A)  Density-independent, because both pest and biological control agent are introduced 
B)  Density-independent, because it is not likely to completely control the pest's density 
C)  Density-independent, because the parasite could become a pest, causing a natural disaster 
D)  Density-dependent, because it reduces the population density of the pest 
E)  Density-dependent, because both pest and biological control agent are introduced

Question 15

Under ideal conditions, the per capita birth rate in a population of isopods is 0.12 offspring per day, and the per capita death rate is 0.04 offspring per day.If there are 700 individuals in the population, the population will produce how many isopods per day?

Accepted Answer

A)  8 
B)  28 
C)  56 
D)  70 
E)  84 
A)  8 
B)  28 
C)  56 
D)  70 
E)  84

Question 16

Consider the logistic growth equation shown:   If the value for   in this equation increased, the graph would change by

Accepted Answer

A)  leveling off at a lower population size. 
B)  leveling off at a higher population size. 
C)  crashing to a population size near zero. 
D)  returning to an exponential curve. 
E)  changing from an exponential to a linear curve. 
A)  leveling off at a lower population size. 
B)  leveling off at a higher population size. 
C)  crashing to a population size near zero. 
D)  returning to an exponential curve. 
E)  changing from an exponential to a linear curve.

Question 17

In a species of beetle, close proximity to another individual of the same species enhances survival.The resulting dispersion pattern for this species would most likely be _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a species of beetle, close proximity...

Question 18

A person using information from a cohort life table multiplies the survivorship and fecundity values from each age class together and sums the results.This gives which population characteristic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Growth rate (r) 
B)  Survivorship (lx) 
C)  Net reproductive rate (R0) 
D)  Number alive in all age classes (N) 
E)  Number of offspring produced by an age class (Nx offspring) 
A)  Growth rate (r) 
B)  Survivorship (lx) 
C)  Net reproductive rate (R0) 
D)  Number alive in all age classes (N) 
E)  Number of offspring produced by an age class (Nx offspring)

Question 19

You are managing a metapopulation of a threatened beetle that lives on a plant that is found in patches.Thus the beetle is also found in patches, which vary in size.You have limited resources and cannot save all of the beetle populations.On which patches should you concentrate your efforts, and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  The patches that provide the easiest access, because patch size does not matter 
B)  The smallest patches, because these populations have the highest growth rates 
C)  The smallest patches, because these populations are at highest risk for extinction 
D)  The largest patches, because these populations have the highest potential to re-seed the other patches 
E)  The largest patches, because these populations are least likely to suffer environmental disturbances 
A)  The patches that provide the easiest access, because patch size does not matter 
B)  The smallest patches, because these populations have the highest growth rates 
C)  The smallest patches, because these populations are at highest risk for extinction 
D)  The largest patches, because these populations have the highest potential to re-seed the other patches 
E)  The largest patches, because these populations are least likely to suffer environmental disturbances

Question 20

If a population displays density-dependent effects, it is likely to have which trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  High birth rates at high densities 
B)  Low r near carrying capacity 
C)  High mortality rate at low densities 
D)  Constant birth rate independent of density 
E)  Constant mortality rate independent of density 
A)  High birth rates at high densities 
B)  Low r near carrying capacity 
C)  High mortality rate at low densities 
D)  Constant birth rate independent of density 
E)  Constant mortality rate independent of density

Exam 54: Populations

Which sentence best explains the difference in position between the curve for r = 1.00 and the curve for r = 0.25?

Population X has 10,000 individuals; Population Y has 100,000 individuals.Both have a growth rate of 2 percent.During the first year, how many individuals will be added to each population?

Since Malthus's time, the carrying capacity of the human population has greatly increased, but most ecologists do not think this increase can be sustained.If the human carrying capacity levels off or declines, this change will most likely occur because humans have

When the per capita growth rate of a population is zero , the population is

Which statement best describes the relationship of life history strategies to the management of wildlife populations?

Wheat is a plant that reproduces only once, producing many seeds (grains of wheat) before it dies.This is an example of

A population of aphids is growing logistically.If the carrying capacity is 2,000 and the per capita growth rate is 0.1 per day, at what size will the population be increasing by 50 aphids per day?

Suppose the starting size of a population (N0) is 5,000.Using the equation shown, calculate the population Nt after one year, given 35 births, 20 deaths, 150 immigrants, and 45 emigrants during this time.

In 2010, the United States conducted a census of all residents, from which life tables were constructed for towns, states, and the country.These census-based life tables are examples of what kind of life tables?

The number of individuals in the population divided by the area of the space covered by the population is the _______.

Under ideal conditions, the per capita birth rate in a population of isopods is 0.12 offspring per day, and the per capita death rate is 0.04 offspring per day.If there are 700 individuals in the population, the population will produce how many isopods per day?

Consider the logistic growth equation shown: If the value for in this equation increased, the graph would change by

In a species of beetle, close proximity to another individual of the same species enhances survival.The resulting dispersion pattern for this species would most likely be _______.

A person using information from a cohort life table multiplies the survivorship and fecundity values from each age class together and sums the results.This gives which population characteristic?

If a population displays density-dependent effects, it is likely to have which trait?

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Suppose the starting size of a population (N₀) is 5,000.Using the equation shown, calculate the population N_t after one year, given 35 births, 20 deaths, 150 immigrants, and 45 emigrants during this time.