Question 1

Which event can never take place after plasmogamy but before karyogamy in fungal hyphae?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitosis 
B)  Meiosis 
C)  Formation of an ascoma 
D)  Formation of a basidioma 
E)  Enlargement of a mycelium 
A)  Mitosis 
B)  Meiosis 
C)  Formation of an ascoma 
D)  Formation of a basidioma 
E)  Enlargement of a mycelium B

Question 2

Under the right conditions, _______ organize into a fruiting structure for reproduction.

Accepted Answer

A)  septa 
B)  mycelia 
C)  hyphae 
D)  coenocytic hyphae 
E)  rhizoids 
A)  septa 
B)  mycelia 
C)  hyphae 
D)  coenocytic hyphae 
E)  rhizoids B

Question 3

If speed of nutrient uptake is directly proportional to surface area-to-volume ratio (S:V), then a fungal mycelium with an S:V of 4:1 will have nutrient uptake that is _______ as fast as one with an S:V of 8:1.

Accepted Answer

one-half

Question 4

Which of the following is an important source of citric acid production for food preservation and flavor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lichens 
B)  Mycorrhizae 
C)  Yeasts 
D)  Aspergillus molds 
E)  Penicillium molds 
A)  Lichens 
B)  Mycorrhizae 
C)  Yeasts 
D)  Aspergillus molds 
E)  Penicillium molds

Question 5

Refer to the figure.   The figure shows three different types of lichen labeled A, B, and C.Which of these body forms would best suit a lichen contributing to new soil formation in rocky terrain; why?

Accepted Answer

A)  A; the lichen adheres tightly to its substrate and can acidify its surroundings to facilitate breakdown of inorganic materials. 
B)  B; the lichen acts as an ectomycorrhizal fungus and can provide nutrients to germinating seeds by encasing their roots, allowing them to grow and break down the rocks. 
C)  C; the lichen can trap airborne particles that will eventually collect in sufficient amounts to become soil. 
D)  A and C; these lichens can subsist on nutrients and minerals from the air and their photosynthetic partners, and over time they will die and become new soil. 
E)  B and C; these lichens can subsist on nutrients and minerals from the air and their photosynthetic partners, and over time they will die and become new soil. 
A)  A; the lichen adheres tightly to its substrate and can acidify its surroundings to facilitate breakdown of inorganic materials. 
B)  B; the lichen acts as an ectomycorrhizal fungus and can provide nutrients to germinating seeds by encasing their roots, allowing them to grow and break down the rocks. 
C)  C; the lichen can trap airborne particles that will eventually collect in sufficient amounts to become soil. 
D)  A and C; these lichens can subsist on nutrients and minerals from the air and their photosynthetic partners, and over time they will die and become new soil. 
E)  B and C; these lichens can subsist on nutrients and minerals from the air and their photosynthetic partners, and over time they will die and become new soil.

Question 6

Microsporidia are

Accepted Answer

A)  composed of dikaryotic and filamentous hyphae. 
B)  unicellular parasitic fungi. 
C)  primitive animals resembling sponges. 
D)  primitive fungi with swimming reproductive stages. 
E)  prokaryotic organisms thought to be the ancestors of fungi. 
A)  composed of dikaryotic and filamentous hyphae. 
B)  unicellular parasitic fungi. 
C)  primitive animals resembling sponges. 
D)  primitive fungi with swimming reproductive stages. 
E)  prokaryotic organisms thought to be the ancestors of fungi.

Question 7

_______ are found in terrestrial, marine, and freshwater habitats; their spores form inside a microscopic sac, and they include baker's, or brewer's, yeast.

Accepted Answer

A)  Zygospore fungi 
B)  Chytrids 
C)  Ascomycota 
D)  Basidiomycota 
E)  Glomeromycota 
A)  Zygospore fungi 
B)  Chytrids 
C)  Ascomycota 
D)  Basidiomycota 
E)  Glomeromycota

Question 8

Lichens can reproduce asexually by fragmentation of the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lichens can reproduce asexually by fragmentation of...

Question 9

Which of the following is not a source of carbon for saprobic fungi?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cellulose 
B)  Calcium carbonate 
C)  Keratin 
D)  Complex polysaccharides such as lignin 
E)  Sugars 
A)  Cellulose 
B)  Calcium carbonate 
C)  Keratin 
D)  Complex polysaccharides such as lignin 
E)  Sugars

Question 10

The gills of a mushroom are specialized for

Accepted Answer

A)  respiration. 
B)  food production. 
C)  defense. 
D)  reproduction. 
E)  water storage. 
A)  respiration. 
B)  food production. 
C)  defense. 
D)  reproduction. 
E)  water storage.

Question 11

Assume that one haploid nucleus of a fungus with a dikaryotic life cycle contains 16 chromosomes.At the ascospore stage, the fungus has _______ chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  8 
C)  16 
D)  32 
E)  64 
A)  4 
B)  8 
C)  16 
D)  32 
E)  64

Question 12

Six strains of the same bacterium are being grown together with Penicillium mold.One of the bacterial strains has grown up to the edge of the mold colony, while the other five have not.Which of the following is the best explanation for this difference?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a random event; in another trial five of the six bacterial strains would be just as likely to grow to the edge of the mold colony. 
B)  One bacterial strain grows faster than the others. 
C)  The mold secretes a chemical to attract the bacteria to use for its food, but only one bacterial strain responds to it; the others are resistant. 
D)  One bacterial strain is resistant to the antibiotic produced by the mold, while the others are inhibited by it. 
E)  The plate is slanted, so one strain has been growing "downhill" and the others sideways or "uphill" toward the mold. 
A)  It is a random event; in another trial five of the six bacterial strains would be just as likely to grow to the edge of the mold colony. 
B)  One bacterial strain grows faster than the others. 
C)  The mold secretes a chemical to attract the bacteria to use for its food, but only one bacterial strain responds to it; the others are resistant. 
D)  One bacterial strain is resistant to the antibiotic produced by the mold, while the others are inhibited by it. 
E)  The plate is slanted, so one strain has been growing "downhill" and the others sideways or "uphill" toward the mold.

Question 13

Refer to the figure, which shows the life cycle of Ascomycota fungi.   What is the dispersal stage of the fungus? Identify its label.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure, which shows the...

Question 14

Which of the following are used as an air quality indicator because of their sensitivity to atmospheric pollutants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lichens 
B)  Mycorrhizae 
C)  Yeasts 
D)  Aspergillus molds 
E)  Penicillium molds 
A)  Lichens 
B)  Mycorrhizae 
C)  Yeasts 
D)  Aspergillus molds 
E)  Penicillium molds

Question 15

Plants with active mycorrhizae

Accepted Answer

A)  display reduced levels of photosynthesis. 
B)  display enhanced absorption of water and minerals (especially phosphorus). 
C)  are heavily parasitized and die. 
D)  tend to contain less chlorophyll. 
E)  have fewer endophytes living in aboveground tissues. 
A)  display reduced levels of photosynthesis. 
B)  display enhanced absorption of water and minerals (especially phosphorus). 
C)  are heavily parasitized and die. 
D)  tend to contain less chlorophyll. 
E)  have fewer endophytes living in aboveground tissues.

Question 16

Assume that one haploid nucleus of a fungus with a dikaryotic life cycle contains 16 chromosomes.At the basidiospore stage, the fungus has _______ chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  8 
C)  16 
D)  32 
E)  64 
A)  4 
B)  8 
C)  16 
D)  32 
E)  64

Question 17

Compared with a mycelium with a surface area-to-volume ratio of 3:1, a mycelium with a surface area-to-volume ratio of 4:1 will

Accepted Answer

A)  lose water more quickly. 
B)  lose water more slowly. 
C)  take up nutrients more slowly. 
D)  take up nutrients more quickly. 
E)  become a different mating type. 
A)  lose water more quickly. 
B)  lose water more slowly. 
C)  take up nutrients more slowly. 
D)  take up nutrients more quickly. 
E)  become a different mating type.

Question 18

Due to the absence of_______, scientists initially believed that microsporidia represented an early eukaryotic lineage that predated modern eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Due to the absence of_______, scientists initially...

Question 19

Which of the following is likely to be associated with parasitic relationships between plants and fungi?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formation of haustoria on the fungal hyphae 
B)  A lack of chlorophyll in the plants 
C)  Absence of fungal fruiting structures 
D)  Formation of arbuscular structures within the plant root 
E)  Production of alkaloids that are toxic to animals within the plant leaf 
A)  Formation of haustoria on the fungal hyphae 
B)  A lack of chlorophyll in the plants 
C)  Absence of fungal fruiting structures 
D)  Formation of arbuscular structures within the plant root 
E)  Production of alkaloids that are toxic to animals within the plant leaf

Question 20

One adaptation that fungi have for absorptive nutrition, in which nutrients are absorbed across the surfaces of their hyphae, is

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of a cell wall. 
B)  a low surface area-to-volume ratio. 
C)  a high surface area-to-volume ratio. 
D)  tolerance of low temperatures. 
E)  tolerance of high temperatures. 
A)  lack of a cell wall. 
B)  a low surface area-to-volume ratio. 
C)  a high surface area-to-volume ratio. 
D)  tolerance of low temperatures. 
E)  tolerance of high temperatures.

Exam 29: The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Which event can never take place after plasmogamy but before karyogamy in fungal hyphae?

Under the right conditions, _______ organize into a fruiting structure for reproduction.

If speed of nutrient uptake is directly proportional to surface area-to-volume ratio (S:V), then a fungal mycelium with an S:V of 4:1 will have nutrient uptake that is _______ as fast as one with an S:V of 8:1.

Which of the following is an important source of citric acid production for food preservation and flavor?

Refer to the figure. The figure shows three different types of lichen labeled A, B, and C.Which of these body forms would best suit a lichen contributing to new soil formation in rocky terrain; why?

Microsporidia are

_______ are found in terrestrial, marine, and freshwater habitats; their spores form inside a microscopic sac, and they include baker's, or brewer's, yeast.

Lichens can reproduce asexually by fragmentation of the _______.

Which of the following is not a source of carbon for saprobic fungi?

The gills of a mushroom are specialized for

Assume that one haploid nucleus of a fungus with a dikaryotic life cycle contains 16 chromosomes.At the ascospore stage, the fungus has _______ chromosomes.

Six strains of the same bacterium are being grown together with Penicillium mold.One of the bacterial strains has grown up to the edge of the mold colony, while the other five have not.Which of the following is the best explanation for this difference?

Refer to the figure, which shows the life cycle of Ascomycota fungi. What is the dispersal stage of the fungus? Identify its label.

Which of the following are used as an air quality indicator because of their sensitivity to atmospheric pollutants?

Plants with active mycorrhizae

Assume that one haploid nucleus of a fungus with a dikaryotic life cycle contains 16 chromosomes.At the basidiospore stage, the fungus has _______ chromosomes.

Compared with a mycelium with a surface area-to-volume ratio of 3:1, a mycelium with a surface area-to-volume ratio of 4:1 will

Due to the absence of_______, scientists initially believed that microsporidia represented an early eukaryotic lineage that predated modern eukaryotes.

Which of the following is likely to be associated with parasitic relationships between plants and fungi?

One adaptation that fungi have for absorptive nutrition, in which nutrients are absorbed across the surfaces of their hyphae, is

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