Question 1

The fundamental simple filament unit of a multicellular fungus is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  dikaryon. 
B)  hypha. 
C)  rhizoid. 
D)  mycelium. 
E)  haustorium. 
A)  dikaryon. 
B)  hypha. 
C)  rhizoid. 
D)  mycelium. 
E)  haustorium.

Question 2

Refer to the figure.   The figure shows a magnified image of structures lining the gills found on the underside of a mushroom.Which statement correctly describes the structures labeled A?

Accepted Answer

A)  These structures are a product of asexual reproduction in sac fungi. 
B)  These structures contain a dikaryotic arrangement of nuclei. 
C)  These structures are a product of sexual reproduction in club fungi. 
D)  These structures arise from karyogamy and are diploid. 
E)  These structures result from plasmogamy and generate new gametes. 
A)  These structures are a product of asexual reproduction in sac fungi. 
B)  These structures contain a dikaryotic arrangement of nuclei. 
C)  These structures are a product of sexual reproduction in club fungi. 
D)  These structures arise from karyogamy and are diploid. 
E)  These structures result from plasmogamy and generate new gametes.

Question 3

Upon close examination of a plant root, you notice hyphae growing within the plant.The plant appears healthy, so you conclude that this must be a(n) _______ fungus.

Accepted Answer

arbuscular

Question 4

A grass grown without its normal endophytic fungi would most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  become more drought tolerant. 
B)  be more resistant to pathogen attack. 
C)  accumulate more chlorophyll. 
D)  produce alkaloids that are toxic to animals. 
E)  become less resistant to stress. 
A)  become more drought tolerant. 
B)  be more resistant to pathogen attack. 
C)  accumulate more chlorophyll. 
D)  produce alkaloids that are toxic to animals. 
E)  become less resistant to stress.

Question 5

Lichens are _______ associations of a fungus with _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  symbiotic; an alga or a bacterium 
B)  saprobic; an alga or a bacterium 
C)  parasitic; a nematode 
D)  symbiotic; plant roots 
E)  parasitic; plant roots 
A)  symbiotic; an alga or a bacterium 
B)  saprobic; an alga or a bacterium 
C)  parasitic; a nematode 
D)  symbiotic; plant roots 
E)  parasitic; plant roots

Question 6

In the life cycles of chytrid fungi, gametes are formed from a _______ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  multicellular haploid 
B)  multicellular diploid 
C)  unicellular haploid 
D)  unicellular diploid 
E)  dikaryotic 
A)  multicellular haploid 
B)  multicellular diploid 
C)  unicellular haploid 
D)  unicellular diploid 
E)  dikaryotic

Question 7

Which of the following is not characteristic of all fungi?

Accepted Answer

A)  Absorptive heterotrophy 
B)  Reproduction only by sexual processes 
C)  Hyphae 
D)  Cell walls containing chitin 
E)  Mycelia 
A)  Absorptive heterotrophy 
B)  Reproduction only by sexual processes 
C)  Hyphae 
D)  Cell walls containing chitin 
E)  Mycelia

Question 8

The strong flavors of Camembert and Roquefort cheeses come from the digestion of milk by green molds in the _______ genus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The strong flavors of Camembert and Roquefort...

Question 9

Refer to the figure, which shows a fungal interaction with a photosynthetic cell.   Which statement is not a potential explanation for the scenario shown?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fungus and photosynthetic cell have joined together in a symbiotic association to form a lichen. 
B)  The fungus has formed haustoria that push directly against the plant plasma membrane in order to absorb nutrients secreted from the plant cell. 
C)  The fungal hyphae are ectomycorrhizae and have entered the plant cell in order to provide nitrogen in exchange for carbon compounds. 
D)  A parasitic fungus has entered a leaf through a stoma and is leaching nutrients from the plant cells through specialized structures that form from its hyphae. 
E)  The fungal hyphae are part of an arbuscular mycorrhizal network in which the fungus provides phosphorus to the plant in exchange for carbon compounds. 
A)  The fungus and photosynthetic cell have joined together in a symbiotic association to form a lichen. 
B)  The fungus has formed haustoria that push directly against the plant plasma membrane in order to absorb nutrients secreted from the plant cell. 
C)  The fungal hyphae are ectomycorrhizae and have entered the plant cell in order to provide nitrogen in exchange for carbon compounds. 
D)  A parasitic fungus has entered a leaf through a stoma and is leaching nutrients from the plant cells through specialized structures that form from its hyphae. 
E)  The fungal hyphae are part of an arbuscular mycorrhizal network in which the fungus provides phosphorus to the plant in exchange for carbon compounds.

Question 10

Which statement about some chytrid fungi is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have a dikaryotic stage in the life cycle. 
B)  They form rhizoids. 
C)  They have a cell wall made of cellulose. 
D)  They have mitosomes instead of mitochondria. 
E)  Their life cycle does not include a stage of swimming gametes with flagella. 
A)  They have a dikaryotic stage in the life cycle. 
B)  They form rhizoids. 
C)  They have a cell wall made of cellulose. 
D)  They have mitosomes instead of mitochondria. 
E)  Their life cycle does not include a stage of swimming gametes with flagella.

Question 11

Refer to the figure.   The structures shown are _______ and are products of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  diploid; mitosis 
B)  haploid; meiosis 
C)  diploid; meiosis followed by mitosis 
D)  haploid; meiosis followed by mitosis 
E)  hyphae; asexual reproduction 
A)  diploid; mitosis 
B)  haploid; meiosis 
C)  diploid; meiosis followed by mitosis 
D)  haploid; meiosis followed by mitosis 
E)  hyphae; asexual reproduction

Question 12

Typically, the number of basidiospores on a single basidium is

Accepted Answer

A)  1. 
B)  2. 
C)  4. 
D)  8. 
E)  32. 
A)  1. 
B)  2. 
C)  4. 
D)  8. 
E)  32.

Question 13

Which evolutionary hypothesis best explains why microsporidia lack mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  They became photosynthetic and could manufacture their own energy. 
B)  They became chemosynthetic and could manufacture their own energy. 
C)  They are primitive eukaryotes that never evolved this organelle. 
D)  They are prokaryotes like bacteria and thus lack nuclei and organelles. 
E)  They rely on a host organism for energy. 
A)  They became photosynthetic and could manufacture their own energy. 
B)  They became chemosynthetic and could manufacture their own energy. 
C)  They are primitive eukaryotes that never evolved this organelle. 
D)  They are prokaryotes like bacteria and thus lack nuclei and organelles. 
E)  They rely on a host organism for energy.

Question 14

Secretion of digestive enzymes to break down food molecules and then absorption of the breakdown products through the plasma membrane is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  flagella. 
B)  ingestive heterotrophy. 
C)  assimilation. 
D)  autotrophism. 
E)  absorptive heterotrophy. 
A)  flagella. 
B)  ingestive heterotrophy. 
C)  assimilation. 
D)  autotrophism. 
E)  absorptive heterotrophy.

Question 15

The cell walls of all fungi consist of the polysaccharide _______, which is also found in some animals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The cell walls of all fungi consist...

Question 16

Refer to the figure, which shows the life cycle of Ascomycota fungi.   What structure results from plasmogamy? Identify its label.

Accepted Answer

Dikaryotic

Question 17

The fungi with reproductive habits most similar to those of plants are members of the _______ group.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fungi with reproductive habits most similar...

Question 18

Lichens obtain organic carbon

Accepted Answer

A)  by photosynthesis. 
B)  by engulfing other organisms. 
C)  by absorption from the environment. 
D)  from decaying organic material. 
E)  by parasitizing flowering plants. 
A)  by photosynthesis. 
B)  by engulfing other organisms. 
C)  by absorption from the environment. 
D)  from decaying organic material. 
E)  by parasitizing flowering plants.

Question 19

The fungi for which there is no direct evidence of sexual reproduction are the

Accepted Answer

A)  chytrids. 
B)  zygospore fungi. 
C)  Ascomycota. 
D)  Basidiomycota. 
E)  Glomeromycota. 
A)  chytrids. 
B)  zygospore fungi. 
C)  Ascomycota. 
D)  Basidiomycota. 
E)  Glomeromycota.

Question 20

Refer to the figure.   The structures in the show in the figure are

Accepted Answer

A)  conidia, a means of asexual reproduction used by filamentous sac fungi. 
B)  ascospores, a product of sexual reproduction used by club fungi. 
C)  zygospores, which give rise to the male and female gametes of zygospore fungi. 
D)  produced by the gametangia of chytrids after fertilization occurs. 
E)  soredia, a form of asexual reproduction used by some lichens. 
A)  conidia, a means of asexual reproduction used by filamentous sac fungi. 
B)  ascospores, a product of sexual reproduction used by club fungi. 
C)  zygospores, which give rise to the male and female gametes of zygospore fungi. 
D)  produced by the gametangia of chytrids after fertilization occurs. 
E)  soredia, a form of asexual reproduction used by some lichens.

Exam 29: The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

The fundamental simple filament unit of a multicellular fungus is called a

Refer to the figure. The figure shows a magnified image of structures lining the gills found on the underside of a mushroom.Which statement correctly describes the structures labeled A?

Upon close examination of a plant root, you notice hyphae growing within the plant.The plant appears healthy, so you conclude that this must be a(n) _______ fungus.

A grass grown without its normal endophytic fungi would most likely

Lichens are _______ associations of a fungus with _______.

In the life cycles of chytrid fungi, gametes are formed from a _______ stage.

Which of the following is not characteristic of all fungi?

The strong flavors of Camembert and Roquefort cheeses come from the digestion of milk by green molds in the _______ genus.

Refer to the figure, which shows a fungal interaction with a photosynthetic cell. Which statement is not a potential explanation for the scenario shown?

Which statement about some chytrid fungi is true?

Refer to the figure. The structures shown are _______ and are products of _______.

Typically, the number of basidiospores on a single basidium is

Which evolutionary hypothesis best explains why microsporidia lack mitochondria?

Secretion of digestive enzymes to break down food molecules and then absorption of the breakdown products through the plasma membrane is termed

The cell walls of all fungi consist of the polysaccharide _______, which is also found in some animals.

Refer to the figure, which shows the life cycle of Ascomycota fungi. What structure results from plasmogamy? Identify its label.

The fungi with reproductive habits most similar to those of plants are members of the _______ group.

Lichens obtain organic carbon

The fungi for which there is no direct evidence of sexual reproduction are the

Refer to the figure. The structures in the show in the figure are

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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Lichens are _ associations of a fungus with _.

Refer to the figure. The structures shown are _ and are products of _.