Question 1

During times of limited food supply, how do most fungi respond? How is this beneficial to the fungus?

Accepted Answer

Most fungi reproduce rapidly and abundan

Question 2

Without karyogamy, a fungus would not be able to

Accepted Answer

A)  merge cytoplasmic contents of two hyphal cells. 
B)  form motile sperm or egg cells. 
C)  reproduce. 
D)  make spores. 
E)  create diploid nuclei. 
A)  merge cytoplasmic contents of two hyphal cells. 
B)  form motile sperm or egg cells. 
C)  reproduce. 
D)  make spores. 
E)  create diploid nuclei.

Question 3

Which is not a benefit of using lichen as an indicator of air quality over traditional methods?

Accepted Answer

A)  Scientists essentially have a record of environmental pollutants spanning centuries stored in lichen specimens preserved in natural history museums. 
B)  Historical lichen samples can be used to analyze the effectiveness of past cleanup efforts and regulatory programs for controlling environmental pollutants. 
C)  The use of lichens as biological indicators of pollution/air quality does not require expensive equipment. 
D)  Lichens grow quickly and respond rapidly to changes in air quality, providing real-time updates to scientists regarding environmental conditions. 
E)  Maps of lichen growth and diversity can provide environmental biologists with an inexpensive tool for tracking the distribution of air pollutants and their effects around cities. 
A)  Scientists essentially have a record of environmental pollutants spanning centuries stored in lichen specimens preserved in natural history museums. 
B)  Historical lichen samples can be used to analyze the effectiveness of past cleanup efforts and regulatory programs for controlling environmental pollutants. 
C)  The use of lichens as biological indicators of pollution/air quality does not require expensive equipment. 
D)  Lichens grow quickly and respond rapidly to changes in air quality, providing real-time updates to scientists regarding environmental conditions. 
E)  Maps of lichen growth and diversity can provide environmental biologists with an inexpensive tool for tracking the distribution of air pollutants and their effects around cities.

Question 4

All of the following are directly involved with the fungal process in bread making except

Accepted Answer

A)  starch. 
B)  yeast. 
C)  carbon dioxide. 
D)  ethanol. 
E)  protein. 
A)  starch. 
B)  yeast. 
C)  carbon dioxide. 
D)  ethanol. 
E)  protein.

Question 5

Which species is an example of a club fungus?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Dutch elm disease fungus 
B)  The chestnut blight fungus 
C)  Powdery mildew 
D)  Green fruit mold 
E)  Smut fungus 
A)  The Dutch elm disease fungus 
B)  The chestnut blight fungus 
C)  Powdery mildew 
D)  Green fruit mold 
E)  Smut fungus

Question 6

Refer to the figure.   The figure shows

Accepted Answer

A)  haustoria branching from a hypha. 
B)  a chytrid gametangium. 
C)  an arbuscular mycorrhizal association. 
D)  an ectomycorrhizal fungal association. 
E)  a lichen. 
A)  haustoria branching from a hypha. 
B)  a chytrid gametangium. 
C)  an arbuscular mycorrhizal association. 
D)  an ectomycorrhizal fungal association. 
E)  a lichen.

Question 7

In Ascomycota, the ascospores are _______ and the hyphae are _______.When the hyphae of two different mating types fuse, a _______ results.

Accepted Answer

A)  haploid; diploid; coenocyte 
B)  diploid; haploid; dikaryon 
C)  haploid; haploid; dikaryon 
D)  diploid; diploid; coenocyte 
E)  haploid; haploid; coenocyte 
A)  haploid; diploid; coenocyte 
B)  diploid; haploid; dikaryon 
C)  haploid; haploid; dikaryon 
D)  diploid; diploid; coenocyte 
E)  haploid; haploid; coenocyte

Question 8

The sister groups to the fungi are the _______ and the animals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The sister groups to the fungi are...

Question 9

Which human disease is not caused by a fungus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pneumonia 
B)  AIDS 
C)  Athlete's foot 
D)  Ringworm 
E)  Esophagitis 
A)  Pneumonia 
B)  AIDS 
C)  Athlete's foot 
D)  Ringworm 
E)  Esophagitis

Question 10

Fusarium mold, a sac fungus, is of current research interest for

Accepted Answer

A)  drugs to treat cancer. 
B)  biological warfare. 
C)  biological control of weeds and pests. 
D)  genetic modification to mass-produce pharmaceutical products. 
E)  producing sugars from cellulose to make biofuels. 
A)  drugs to treat cancer. 
B)  biological warfare. 
C)  biological control of weeds and pests. 
D)  genetic modification to mass-produce pharmaceutical products. 
E)  producing sugars from cellulose to make biofuels.

Question 11

Which of the following would be a likely indication of a mutualistic relationship between plants and fungi?

Accepted Answer

A)  The presence of endophytes in broad-leaved plants 
B)  A lack of chlorophyll in the plants 
C)  Rapid asexual reproduction of the fungus 
D)  Vertical transmission of microsporidia 
E)  Presence of mushroom fruiting structures 
A)  The presence of endophytes in broad-leaved plants 
B)  A lack of chlorophyll in the plants 
C)  Rapid asexual reproduction of the fungus 
D)  Vertical transmission of microsporidia 
E)  Presence of mushroom fruiting structures

Question 12

_______ produce antibiotic chemicals that can be used to treat bacterial infections.

Accepted Answer

A)  Lichens 
B)  Mycorrhizae 
C)  Yeasts 
D)  Aspergillus molds 
E)  Penicillium molds 
A)  Lichens 
B)  Mycorrhizae 
C)  Yeasts 
D)  Aspergillus molds 
E)  Penicillium molds

Question 13

Which of the following is not a feature that applies to all members of the Fungi?

Accepted Answer

A)  Absorptive heterotrophy 
B)  Sexual reproduction 
C)  Parasitic, saprobic, predatory, or mutualistic nutritional mode 
D)  Cells with some chitin 
E)  Spore forming 
A)  Absorptive heterotrophy 
B)  Sexual reproduction 
C)  Parasitic, saprobic, predatory, or mutualistic nutritional mode 
D)  Cells with some chitin 
E)  Spore forming

Question 14

Refer to the figure.   What is the name for the elongate structures?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.   What...

Question 15

Fungi that break down a fallen tree are considered

Accepted Answer

A)  saprobic. 
B)  competitive. 
C)  predatory. 
D)  parasitic. 
E)  mutualistic. 
A)  saprobic. 
B)  competitive. 
C)  predatory. 
D)  parasitic. 
E)  mutualistic.

Question 16

Which group is monophyletic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yeasts 
B)  Basidiomycota 
C)  Chytrids 
D)  Zygospore fungi 
E)  Lichens 
A)  Yeasts 
B)  Basidiomycota 
C)  Chytrids 
D)  Zygospore fungi 
E)  Lichens

Question 17

Refer to the figure, which shows the anatomy of a lichen.   What is the name for the structures breaking free at the top of the lichen?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure, which shows the...

Question 18

Fungi may be important in reforestation because

Accepted Answer

A)  many tree species require mycorrhizae for effective establishment and growth. 
B)  fungi rapidly decompose any organic matter on a sunny, dry, open site, releasing nutrients. 
C)  formation of lichens on tree trunks provides the trees with an added source of nitrogen. 
D)  fungi secrete antibiotics, which promote the growth of pathogenic bacteria that may attack trees in the seedling stage. 
E)  yeasts in the soil produce CO2 through fermentation, aiding tree photosynthesis. 
A)  many tree species require mycorrhizae for effective establishment and growth. 
B)  fungi rapidly decompose any organic matter on a sunny, dry, open site, releasing nutrients. 
C)  formation of lichens on tree trunks provides the trees with an added source of nitrogen. 
D)  fungi secrete antibiotics, which promote the growth of pathogenic bacteria that may attack trees in the seedling stage. 
E)  yeasts in the soil produce CO2 through fermentation, aiding tree photosynthesis.

Question 19

Why is it difficult to develop drugs that specifically target parasitic fungi in human hosts?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are insufficient numbers of test subjects for developing drugs because parasitic fungi are lethal to humans. 
B)  Fungal haustoria are embedded within human cells and are therefore difficult for drugs to reach. 
C)  Thick cell walls composed of chitin prevent drugs from being absorbed by the fungus. 
D)  Most antibiotics are obtained from fungi, making them resistant to these compounds. 
E)  The relatively close relationship between fungi and animals makes it difficult to find drugs that target unique features of fungal metabolism. 
A)  There are insufficient numbers of test subjects for developing drugs because parasitic fungi are lethal to humans. 
B)  Fungal haustoria are embedded within human cells and are therefore difficult for drugs to reach. 
C)  Thick cell walls composed of chitin prevent drugs from being absorbed by the fungus. 
D)  Most antibiotics are obtained from fungi, making them resistant to these compounds. 
E)  The relatively close relationship between fungi and animals makes it difficult to find drugs that target unique features of fungal metabolism.

Question 20

Though members of the _______ fungi have a dikaryotic stage during their sexual life cycle, they do not belong to the Dikarya clade.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Though members of the _______ fungi have...

Exam 29: The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

During times of limited food supply, how do most fungi respond? How is this beneficial to the fungus?

Without karyogamy, a fungus would not be able to

Which is not a benefit of using lichen as an indicator of air quality over traditional methods?

All of the following are directly involved with the fungal process in bread making except

Which species is an example of a club fungus?

Refer to the figure. The figure shows

In Ascomycota, the ascospores are _______ and the hyphae are _______.When the hyphae of two different mating types fuse, a _______ results.

The sister groups to the fungi are the _______ and the animals.

Which human disease is not caused by a fungus?

Fusarium mold, a sac fungus, is of current research interest for

Which of the following would be a likely indication of a mutualistic relationship between plants and fungi?

_______ produce antibiotic chemicals that can be used to treat bacterial infections.

Which of the following is not a feature that applies to all members of the Fungi?

Refer to the figure. What is the name for the elongate structures?

Fungi that break down a fallen tree are considered

Which group is monophyletic?

Refer to the figure, which shows the anatomy of a lichen. What is the name for the structures breaking free at the top of the lichen?

Fungi may be important in reforestation because

Why is it difficult to develop drugs that specifically target parasitic fungi in human hosts?

Though members of the _______ fungi have a dikaryotic stage during their sexual life cycle, they do not belong to the Dikarya clade.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

In Ascomycota, the ascospores are ___ and the hyphae are _.When the hyphae of two different mating types fuse, a _____ results.