Question 1

_______ are made of up multiple hyphae and may grow underground over a wide area.

Accepted Answer

A)  Septa 
B)  Mycelia 
C)  Rhizoids 
D)  Coenocytic hyphae 
E)  Fruiting bodies 
A)  Septa 
B)  Mycelia 
C)  Rhizoids 
D)  Coenocytic hyphae 
E)  Fruiting bodies

Question 2

The body of a multicellular fungus is called a _______.It is made up of _______ that may be septate or _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypha; mycelia; filamentous 
B)  mycelium; hyphae; filamentous 
C)  rhizoid; mycelia; multinucleate 
D)  mycelium; hyphae; coenocytic 
E)  hypha; mycelia; coenocytic 
A)  hypha; mycelia; filamentous 
B)  mycelium; hyphae; filamentous 
C)  rhizoid; mycelia; multinucleate 
D)  mycelium; hyphae; coenocytic 
E)  hypha; mycelia; coenocytic

Question 3

Rhizopus is a type of mold that has coenocytic hyphae and only one diploid cell (the zygote) during its life cycle.It is therefore likely to belong to which of the following groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  Basidiomycota 
B)  Yeasts 
C)  Zygospore fungi 
D)  Chytrids 
E)  Microsporidia 
A)  Basidiomycota 
B)  Yeasts 
C)  Zygospore fungi 
D)  Chytrids 
E)  Microsporidia

Question 4

Refer to the figure, which shows the life cycle of Basidiomycota fungi.   What is the name of the structure that results from plasmogamy? Identify its label.

Accepted Answer

Dikaryotic

Question 5

The Glomeromycota were formerly classified among the zygospore fungi.Two traits these groups have in common are

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of a zygosporangium and cellulose in the cell walls. 
B)  formation of a zygosporangium and coenocytic hyphae. 
C)  coenocytic hyphae and ability to form arbuscular mycorrhizae. 
D)  coenocytic hyphae and ability to reproduce asexually. 
E)  ability to reproduce asexually and to form arbuscular mycorrhizae. 
A)  formation of a zygosporangium and cellulose in the cell walls. 
B)  formation of a zygosporangium and coenocytic hyphae. 
C)  coenocytic hyphae and ability to form arbuscular mycorrhizae. 
D)  coenocytic hyphae and ability to reproduce asexually. 
E)  ability to reproduce asexually and to form arbuscular mycorrhizae.

Question 6

Which characteristics do ectomycorrhizae and arbuscular mycorrhizae have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their hyphae penetrate the wall of the plant host cell. 
B)  They form treelike hyphal structures inside the plant host cell. 
C)  They improve phosphorus uptake by the host plant. 
D)  They form a dense web of hyphae around the outside of the plant root. 
E)  They can also form on the leaves of the host plant to improve nitrogen uptake. 
A)  Their hyphae penetrate the wall of the plant host cell. 
B)  They form treelike hyphal structures inside the plant host cell. 
C)  They improve phosphorus uptake by the host plant. 
D)  They form a dense web of hyphae around the outside of the plant root. 
E)  They can also form on the leaves of the host plant to improve nitrogen uptake.

Question 7

Baker's yeast is classified as a member of the

Accepted Answer

A)  Ascomycota. 
B)  microsporidia. 
C)  chytrids. 
D)  Basidiomycota. 
E)  mycorrhizae. 
A)  Ascomycota. 
B)  microsporidia. 
C)  chytrids. 
D)  Basidiomycota. 
E)  mycorrhizae.

Question 8

"Dikaryotic" refers to the condition in which each cell of a fungal hypha contains

Accepted Answer

A)  one haploid nucleus. 
B)  one diploid nucleus. 
C)  two diploid nuclei. 
D)  two haploid nuclei. 
E)  a single diploid nucleus, which then splits into two haploid nuclei. 
A)  one haploid nucleus. 
B)  one diploid nucleus. 
C)  two diploid nuclei. 
D)  two haploid nuclei. 
E)  a single diploid nucleus, which then splits into two haploid nuclei.

Question 9

Which feature does not contribute to the ability of a fungus to acquire nutrients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most have predatory lifestyles and have evolved to be exceptionally good at targeting prey. 
B)  They are tolerant of environmental extremes and can produce massive amounts of dormant spores when conditions become unfavorable. 
C)  They are able to grow quickly when food sources become available and have high surface area-to-volume ratios to maximize nutrient uptake. 
D)  Individual hyphae are very slender and can penetrate small spaces to acquire nutrients inaccessible to larger organisms. 
E)  There is no size limit to the organisms they can consume-by digesting their food externally, they can break down larger food molecules outside of their cells and absorb smaller molecules through their membranes. 
A)  Most have predatory lifestyles and have evolved to be exceptionally good at targeting prey. 
B)  They are tolerant of environmental extremes and can produce massive amounts of dormant spores when conditions become unfavorable. 
C)  They are able to grow quickly when food sources become available and have high surface area-to-volume ratios to maximize nutrient uptake. 
D)  Individual hyphae are very slender and can penetrate small spaces to acquire nutrients inaccessible to larger organisms. 
E)  There is no size limit to the organisms they can consume-by digesting their food externally, they can break down larger food molecules outside of their cells and absorb smaller molecules through their membranes.

Question 10

Compared with a mycelium with a surface area-to-volume ratio of 5:1, a mycelium with a surface area-to-volume ratio of 3:1

Accepted Answer

A)  loses water more quickly. 
B)  takes up nutrients more quickly. 
C)  loses water more slowly. 
D)  becomes a different mating type. 
E)  may or may not represent a different mating type. 
A)  loses water more quickly. 
B)  takes up nutrients more quickly. 
C)  loses water more slowly. 
D)  becomes a different mating type. 
E)  may or may not represent a different mating type.

Question 11

Endophytic fungi differ from parasitic fungi in that they

Accepted Answer

A)  can attack both plants and animals. 
B)  do not cause obvious deleterious symptoms in the host. 
C)  immediately result in the death of the host. 
D)  weaken the host, allowing it to be attacked by other organisms. 
E)  grow on the outside of a plant, while parasites always grow on the inside. 
A)  can attack both plants and animals. 
B)  do not cause obvious deleterious symptoms in the host. 
C)  immediately result in the death of the host. 
D)  weaken the host, allowing it to be attacked by other organisms. 
E)  grow on the outside of a plant, while parasites always grow on the inside.

Question 12

An unknown organism can be identified as a fungus if it

Accepted Answer

A)  is multicellular and photosynthetic. 
B)  lacks cell walls and reproduces by spores. 
C)  has prokaryotic cells and cell walls made of cellulose. 
D)  has cell walls made of chitin and obtains its food by absorptive heterotrophy. 
E)  is unicellular and eukaryotic. 
A)  is multicellular and photosynthetic. 
B)  lacks cell walls and reproduces by spores. 
C)  has prokaryotic cells and cell walls made of cellulose. 
D)  has cell walls made of chitin and obtains its food by absorptive heterotrophy. 
E)  is unicellular and eukaryotic.

Question 13

A basidiospore results from

Accepted Answer

A)  meiotic division of a diploid fungal cell. 
B)  mitotic division of a diploid fungal cell. 
C)  mitotic division of a haploid fungal cell. 
D)  meiotic division of a diploid fungal cell, followed by one mitotic division of each resulting cell. 
E)  plasmogamy of two haploid fungal cells. 
A)  meiotic division of a diploid fungal cell. 
B)  mitotic division of a diploid fungal cell. 
C)  mitotic division of a haploid fungal cell. 
D)  meiotic division of a diploid fungal cell, followed by one mitotic division of each resulting cell. 
E)  plasmogamy of two haploid fungal cells.

Question 14

In natural ecosystems the roles of fungi do not include

Accepted Answer

A)  plant pathogens. 
B)  plant mutualists. 
C)  decomposers. 
D)  primary producers. 
E)  carbon cyclers. 
A)  plant pathogens. 
B)  plant mutualists. 
C)  decomposers. 
D)  primary producers. 
E)  carbon cyclers.

Question 15

Many fungi have a life stage that is _______, in which a hypha has two haploid nuclei (n + n).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many fungi have a life stage that...

Question 16

If all fungi were to disappear, the _______ cycle would fail.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon 
B)  phosphorus 
C)  sulfur 
D)  nitrogen 
E)  water 
A)  carbon 
B)  phosphorus 
C)  sulfur 
D)  nitrogen 
E)  water

Question 17

Hyphae of Arthrobotrys dactyloides that form a constricting ring to trap, invade, and digest nematodes are considered

Accepted Answer

A)  saprobic. 
B)  competitive. 
C)  predatory. 
D)  parasitic. 
E)  mutualistic. 
A)  saprobic. 
B)  competitive. 
C)  predatory. 
D)  parasitic. 
E)  mutualistic.

Question 18

Which of the following is not one of the medical, ecological, commercial, or industrial uses of fungi?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conversion of starch to ethanol 
B)  Production of antibiotics 
C)  Remediation of environmental pollution 
D)  Production of carbohydrates 
E)  Production of citric acid for flavoring soft drinks 
A)  Conversion of starch to ethanol 
B)  Production of antibiotics 
C)  Remediation of environmental pollution 
D)  Production of carbohydrates 
E)  Production of citric acid for flavoring soft drinks

Question 19

"Dikaryotic" refers to cells of fungal hyphae that contain

Accepted Answer

A)  two haploid nuclei. 
B)  two nuclei, either haploid or diploid. 
C)  one diploid nucleus. 
D)  one nucleus, either haploid or diploid. 
E)  one diploid nucleus, which splits into two haploid nuclei. 
A)  two haploid nuclei. 
B)  two nuclei, either haploid or diploid. 
C)  one diploid nucleus. 
D)  one nucleus, either haploid or diploid. 
E)  one diploid nucleus, which splits into two haploid nuclei.

Question 20

Which of the following is the best evolutionary explanation for the presence of flagellated cells in the life cycles of chytrids and their absence from other fungi?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chytrids are specialized fungi that evolved this trait from fungal ancestors that lacked flagellated cells. 
B)  Presence of flagellated cells in chytrids shows that they are more closely related to animals and choanoflagellates than to actual fungi. 
C)  Chytrids evolved flagellated cells as an adaptation to living in water. 
D)  Flagella have evolved repeatedly in many different eukaryotic groups, and their presence is evolutionarily meaningless. 
E)  Flagellated cells in chytrids are a remnant of the common ancestry of fungi, animals, and choanoflagellates that has been lost in other fungi. 
A)  Chytrids are specialized fungi that evolved this trait from fungal ancestors that lacked flagellated cells. 
B)  Presence of flagellated cells in chytrids shows that they are more closely related to animals and choanoflagellates than to actual fungi. 
C)  Chytrids evolved flagellated cells as an adaptation to living in water. 
D)  Flagella have evolved repeatedly in many different eukaryotic groups, and their presence is evolutionarily meaningless. 
E)  Flagellated cells in chytrids are a remnant of the common ancestry of fungi, animals, and choanoflagellates that has been lost in other fungi.

Exam 29: The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

_______ are made of up multiple hyphae and may grow underground over a wide area.

The body of a multicellular fungus is called a _______.It is made up of _______ that may be septate or _______.

Rhizopus is a type of mold that has coenocytic hyphae and only one diploid cell (the zygote) during its life cycle.It is therefore likely to belong to which of the following groups?

Refer to the figure, which shows the life cycle of Basidiomycota fungi. What is the name of the structure that results from plasmogamy? Identify its label.

The Glomeromycota were formerly classified among the zygospore fungi.Two traits these groups have in common are

Which characteristics do ectomycorrhizae and arbuscular mycorrhizae have in common?

Baker's yeast is classified as a member of the

"Dikaryotic" refers to the condition in which each cell of a fungal hypha contains

Which feature does not contribute to the ability of a fungus to acquire nutrients?

Compared with a mycelium with a surface area-to-volume ratio of 5:1, a mycelium with a surface area-to-volume ratio of 3:1

Endophytic fungi differ from parasitic fungi in that they

An unknown organism can be identified as a fungus if it

A basidiospore results from

In natural ecosystems the roles of fungi do not include

Many fungi have a life stage that is _______, in which a hypha has two haploid nuclei (n + n).

If all fungi were to disappear, the _______ cycle would fail.

Hyphae of Arthrobotrys dactyloides that form a constricting ring to trap, invade, and digest nematodes are considered

Which of the following is not one of the medical, ecological, commercial, or industrial uses of fungi?

"Dikaryotic" refers to cells of fungal hyphae that contain

Which of the following is the best evolutionary explanation for the presence of flagellated cells in the life cycles of chytrids and their absence from other fungi?

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The body of a multicellular fungus is called a ___.It is made up of _ that may be septate or _____.