Question 1

How do budding and fission differ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both are asexual forms of reproduction, but budding results from an asymmetrical division whereas fission produces two relatively equal daughter cells. 
B)  Both are asexual forms of reproduction, but budding results in two relatively equal daughter cells whereas fission produces an asymmetrical division. 
C)  Budding is asexual, while fission occurs as a result of sexual reproduction. 
D)  Fission is asexual, while budding occurs as a result of sexual reproduction. 
E)  Both are asexual forms of reproduction, but budding occurs during the multicellular stage whereas fission occurs during the single-cell stage of a fungus. 
A)  Both are asexual forms of reproduction, but budding results from an asymmetrical division whereas fission produces two relatively equal daughter cells. 
B)  Both are asexual forms of reproduction, but budding results in two relatively equal daughter cells whereas fission produces an asymmetrical division. 
C)  Budding is asexual, while fission occurs as a result of sexual reproduction. 
D)  Fission is asexual, while budding occurs as a result of sexual reproduction. 
E)  Both are asexual forms of reproduction, but budding occurs during the multicellular stage whereas fission occurs during the single-cell stage of a fungus.

Question 2

Which of the following is not characteristic of both coenocytic hyphae and septate hyphae?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cross-walls that restrict movement of nuclei 
B)  Continuity of the hyphal cytoplasm 
C)  Cell walls made of chitin 
D)  Ability to undergo plasmogamy 
E)  Ability to take up water and minerals 
A)  Cross-walls that restrict movement of nuclei 
B)  Continuity of the hyphal cytoplasm 
C)  Cell walls made of chitin 
D)  Ability to undergo plasmogamy 
E)  Ability to take up water and minerals

Question 3

The Glomeromycota are different from all other fungi in that

Accepted Answer

A)  they reproduce only asexually. 
B)  their haploid gametes have flagella. 
C)  they are the only completely parasitic fungi. 
D)  they form a fruiting body. 
E)  they form a thallus. 
A)  they reproduce only asexually. 
B)  their haploid gametes have flagella. 
C)  they are the only completely parasitic fungi. 
D)  they form a fruiting body. 
E)  they form a thallus.

Question 4

Refer to figure.   Which statement best describes the relationship between the nematode and the fungus shown?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fungus and nematode have a symbiotic relationship in which both benefit from each other. 
B)  The fungus acts as a predator, trapping the nematode and invading it with hyphae to extract nutrients. 
C)  The nematode is a parasite that takes nutrients from the fungus. 
D)  The fungus acts as a parasite, invading the nematode and living within the host, causing only minimal harm. 
E)  The nematode is a pathogen of fungi and consumes the hyphae as a source of carbon. 
A)  The fungus and nematode have a symbiotic relationship in which both benefit from each other. 
B)  The fungus acts as a predator, trapping the nematode and invading it with hyphae to extract nutrients. 
C)  The nematode is a parasite that takes nutrients from the fungus. 
D)  The fungus acts as a parasite, invading the nematode and living within the host, causing only minimal harm. 
E)  The nematode is a pathogen of fungi and consumes the hyphae as a source of carbon.

Question 5

After a parasitic fungus invades leaf tissue, the hyphae form branching projections called _______, which push into the living plant cells and absorb their nutrients.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After a parasitic fungus invades leaf tissue,...

Question 6

Which of the following can produce carcinogenic aflatoxins when growing on certain kinds of grains, beans, nuts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lichens 
B)  Mycorrhizae 
C)  Yeasts 
D)  Aspergillus molds 
E)  Penicillium molds 
A)  Lichens 
B)  Mycorrhizae 
C)  Yeasts 
D)  Aspergillus molds 
E)  Penicillium molds

Question 7

Which of the following about yeasts is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are a monophyletic group of unicellular organisms. 
B)  They reproduce asexually by budding, but not by fission. 
C)  They can absorb nutrients directly across their cell surfaces. 
D)  They become multicellular before producing a spore stage. 
E)  They are typically dikaryotic. 
A)  They are a monophyletic group of unicellular organisms. 
B)  They reproduce asexually by budding, but not by fission. 
C)  They can absorb nutrients directly across their cell surfaces. 
D)  They become multicellular before producing a spore stage. 
E)  They are typically dikaryotic.

Question 8

Dikaryotic cells

Accepted Answer

A)  have two hyphae per fruiting body. 
B)  contain pairs of homologous chromosomes. 
C)  produce two spores per hypha. 
D)  contain two nuclei per cell. 
E)  contain diploid nuclei. 
A)  have two hyphae per fruiting body. 
B)  contain pairs of homologous chromosomes. 
C)  produce two spores per hypha. 
D)  contain two nuclei per cell. 
E)  contain diploid nuclei.

Question 9

If two fungal nuclei, each with 10 chromosomes, undergo karyogamy, the resulting nucleus will have _______ chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If two fungal nuclei, each with 10...

Question 10

The shortest genetic stage in the life cycle of club fungi is the _______ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  nonmotile haploid 
B)  dikaryotic 
C)  diploid 
D)  motile haploid 
E)  coenocytic 
A)  nonmotile haploid 
B)  dikaryotic 
C)  diploid 
D)  motile haploid 
E)  coenocytic

Question 11

A lichen, in which both partner organisms benefit, is considered

Accepted Answer

A)  saprobic. 
B)  competitive. 
C)  predatory. 
D)  parasitic. 
E)  mutualistic. 
A)  saprobic. 
B)  competitive. 
C)  predatory. 
D)  parasitic. 
E)  mutualistic.

Question 12

In contrast to plants and animals, sexual reproduction in fungi

Accepted Answer

A)  is ubiquitous and has been demonstrated in all of the major fungal groups. 
B)  produces morphologically distinct male and female mating structures. 
C)  results from the fusion of genetically distinct mating types, rather than morphologically distinct gametes. 
D)  can only happen between individuals with the same mating type. 
E)  is not observed; all fungi reproduce only asexually. 
A)  is ubiquitous and has been demonstrated in all of the major fungal groups. 
B)  produces morphologically distinct male and female mating structures. 
C)  results from the fusion of genetically distinct mating types, rather than morphologically distinct gametes. 
D)  can only happen between individuals with the same mating type. 
E)  is not observed; all fungi reproduce only asexually.

Question 13

Which statement regarding the spread of fungi is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  As environmental conditions become unfavorable, fungi invest less energy in the production of spores. 
B)  Because fungal spores are so small, they can be carried by wind or water far from the parent organism. 
C)  Fungal spores are a product of karyogamy and contain twice the genetic information of the parent organism. 
D)  Fungal spores cannot germinate into new individuals until they are fertilized by a spore of a different mating type. 
E)  Most fungi depend on animals to disperse their spores. 
A)  As environmental conditions become unfavorable, fungi invest less energy in the production of spores. 
B)  Because fungal spores are so small, they can be carried by wind or water far from the parent organism. 
C)  Fungal spores are a product of karyogamy and contain twice the genetic information of the parent organism. 
D)  Fungal spores cannot germinate into new individuals until they are fertilized by a spore of a different mating type. 
E)  Most fungi depend on animals to disperse their spores.

Question 14

Which human disease is not caused by a fungus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pneumonia 
B)  Athlete's foot 
C)  Ringworm 
D)  Thrush (Candida) 
E)  AIDS 
A)  Pneumonia 
B)  Athlete's foot 
C)  Ringworm 
D)  Thrush (Candida) 
E)  AIDS

Question 15

Which of the following is used in the production of beer and wine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lichens 
B)  Mycorrhizae 
C)  Yeasts 
D)  Aspergillus molds 
E)  Penicillium molds 
A)  Lichens 
B)  Mycorrhizae 
C)  Yeasts 
D)  Aspergillus molds 
E)  Penicillium molds

Question 16

Lichens acquire energy from

Accepted Answer

A)  decaying matter. 
B)  parasitism. 
C)  the sun. 
D)  minerals in the air and precipitation. 
E)  minerals extracted from rocks. 
A)  decaying matter. 
B)  parasitism. 
C)  the sun. 
D)  minerals in the air and precipitation. 
E)  minerals extracted from rocks.

Question 17

Parasitic fungi that grow parasitically but can also grow independently are called _______ parasites.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Parasitic fungi that grow parasitically but can...

Question 18

Fungi play important roles in the fermentation of many different human foods.Which of the following is not one of these foods?

Accepted Answer

A)  Beer 
B)  Bread 
C)  Soy sauce 
D)  Camembert cheese 
E)  Yogurt 
A)  Beer 
B)  Bread 
C)  Soy sauce 
D)  Camembert cheese 
E)  Yogurt

Question 19

Motile gametes are found in

Accepted Answer

A)  Zygomycota. 
B)  Glomeromycota. 
C)  chytrids. 
D)  sac fungi. 
E)  Basidiomycota. 
A)  Zygomycota. 
B)  Glomeromycota. 
C)  chytrids. 
D)  sac fungi. 
E)  Basidiomycota.

Question 20

The cell walls of fungal hyphae contain the polysaccharide

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose. 
B)  chitin. 
C)  hemicellulose. 
D)  lignin. 
E)  pectin. 
A)  cellulose. 
B)  chitin. 
C)  hemicellulose. 
D)  lignin. 
E)  pectin.

Exam 29: The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

How do budding and fission differ?

Which of the following is not characteristic of both coenocytic hyphae and septate hyphae?

The Glomeromycota are different from all other fungi in that

Refer to figure. Which statement best describes the relationship between the nematode and the fungus shown?

After a parasitic fungus invades leaf tissue, the hyphae form branching projections called _______, which push into the living plant cells and absorb their nutrients.

Which of the following can produce carcinogenic aflatoxins when growing on certain kinds of grains, beans, nuts?

Which of the following about yeasts is true?

Dikaryotic cells

If two fungal nuclei, each with 10 chromosomes, undergo karyogamy, the resulting nucleus will have _______ chromosomes.

The shortest genetic stage in the life cycle of club fungi is the _______ stage.

A lichen, in which both partner organisms benefit, is considered

In contrast to plants and animals, sexual reproduction in fungi

Which statement regarding the spread of fungi is true?

Which human disease is not caused by a fungus?

Which of the following is used in the production of beer and wine?

Lichens acquire energy from

Parasitic fungi that grow parasitically but can also grow independently are called _______ parasites.

Fungi play important roles in the fermentation of many different human foods.Which of the following is not one of these foods?

Motile gametes are found in

The cell walls of fungal hyphae contain the polysaccharide

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

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