Question 1

Refer to the figure, which shows the phylogeny of the fungi.   What is the sister group to clade Dikarya?

Accepted Answer

Arbuscular

Question 2

Which of the following is the sister group to the Ascomycota?

Accepted Answer

A)  Basidiomycota 
B)  Chytrids 
C)  Glomeromycota 
D)  Lichens 
E)  Zygospore fungi 
A)  Basidiomycota 
B)  Chytrids 
C)  Glomeromycota 
D)  Lichens 
E)  Zygospore fungi

Question 3

In dikaryotic fungal hyphae, which event takes place between the events of plasmogamy and karyogamy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nuclear fusion 
B)  Meiosis 
C)  Formation of spores 
D)  Formation of a fruiting body 
E)  Differentiation of mating types 
A)  Nuclear fusion 
B)  Meiosis 
C)  Formation of spores 
D)  Formation of a fruiting body 
E)  Differentiation of mating types

Question 4

The ancestral habitat of chytrid fungi is believed to have been aquatic because of the presence of flagellated gametes and _______ found in sexually reproducing species.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ancestral habitat of chytrid fungi is...

Question 5

Based on the accumulation of peat during the Carboniferous period, it can be concluded that few _______ fungal species were present at the time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on the accumulation of peat during...

Question 6

Rhizopus is a type of mold that has coenocytic hyphae and only one diploid cell (the zygote) during its life cycle.It is therefore likely to belong to which of the following groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  Zygospore fungi 
B)  Ascomycota 
C)  Glomeromycota 
D)  Chytrids 
E)  Microsporidia 
A)  Zygospore fungi 
B)  Ascomycota 
C)  Glomeromycota 
D)  Chytrids 
E)  Microsporidia

Question 7

Free-living unicellular forms of several types of fungi (sac, zygospore, and club fungi) are known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Free-living unicellular forms of several types of...

Question 8

Cereal grains are parasitized by rusts and smuts, which are classified as

Accepted Answer

A)  mycorrhizae. 
B)  Ascomycota. 
C)  Basidiomycota. 
D)  microsporidia. 
E)  lichens. 
A)  mycorrhizae. 
B)  Ascomycota. 
C)  Basidiomycota. 
D)  microsporidia. 
E)  lichens.

Question 9

Compatible mating types of zygospore fungi locate each other by production of

Accepted Answer

A)  sperm cells. 
B)  motile reproductive cells. 
C)  foul-smelling hyphae that attract flies to disperse the reproductive structures. 
D)  chemical signals. 
E)  coenocytic hyphae. 
A)  sperm cells. 
B)  motile reproductive cells. 
C)  foul-smelling hyphae that attract flies to disperse the reproductive structures. 
D)  chemical signals. 
E)  coenocytic hyphae.

Question 10

Which statement best explains why sexually reproducing fungi lack male and female structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sexually reproducing fungi only express male and female gametes during the mating process. 
B)  Sexually reproducing fungi only express only four gender types. 
C)  Fungi generally reproduce asexually. 
D)  Sexually reproducing fungi express different mating types instead of male and female structures. 
E)  Sexually reproducing fungi can switch, creating male or female gametes depending on their environment. 
A)  Sexually reproducing fungi only express male and female gametes during the mating process. 
B)  Sexually reproducing fungi only express only four gender types. 
C)  Fungi generally reproduce asexually. 
D)  Sexually reproducing fungi express different mating types instead of male and female structures. 
E)  Sexually reproducing fungi can switch, creating male or female gametes depending on their environment.

Question 11

Sexual reproduction in fungi occurs between genetically distinct _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sexual reproduction in fungi occurs between genetically...

Question 12

Two organisms living in a symbiosis in which both benefit are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two organisms living in a symbiosis in...

Question 13

Assume that one haploid nucleus of a fungus with a dikaryotic life cycle contains 16 chromosomes.One nucleus in a cell immediately after plasmogamy has occurred has _______ chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  8 
C)  16 
D)  32 
E)  64 
A)  4 
B)  8 
C)  16 
D)  32 
E)  64

Question 14

For successful reforestation to occur, a planned succession of plant growth and soil improvement must take place to allow _______ to become established.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For successful reforestation to occur, a planned...

Question 15

Many basic aspects of cell and molecular biology come from the study of model organisms, including fungi, however, fungal model organisms could not be not be used to study

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear DNA replication. 
B)  nitrogen fixation. 
C)  10,000 separate individuals of the same species. 
D)  chitin biosynthesis. 
E)  gene function in regulating calcium metabolism. 
A)  nuclear DNA replication. 
B)  nitrogen fixation. 
C)  10,000 separate individuals of the same species. 
D)  chitin biosynthesis. 
E)  gene function in regulating calcium metabolism.

Question 16

Refer to the figure, which shows the life cycle of Basidiomycota fungi.   What is the technical name of the fruiting structure of this type of fungus? Identify its label.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure, which shows the...

Question 17

Which structures and/or processes allow(s) a lichen to disperse to a new location?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyphae and mycelia 
B)  Mycelia and spores 
C)  Soredia and fragmentation of the thallus 
D)  Fragmentation of the thallus and mycelia 
E)  Hyphae and soredia 
A)  Hyphae and mycelia 
B)  Mycelia and spores 
C)  Soredia and fragmentation of the thallus 
D)  Fragmentation of the thallus and mycelia 
E)  Hyphae and soredia

Question 18

Which of the following represents the sequence of genetic stages in the sexual life cycle of a sac fungus, that is, the ploidy of the (1) zygote, (2) ascospores, (3) mycelia (after plasmogamy), and (4) zygote again?

Accepted Answer

A)  Haploid, diploid, dikaryotic, haploid 
B)  Diploid, haploid, dikaryotic, diploid 
C)  Diploid, dikaryotic, haploid, diploid 
D)  Dikaryotic, diploid, haploid, dikaryotic 
E)  Haploid, dikaryotic, diploid, haploid 
A)  Haploid, diploid, dikaryotic, haploid 
B)  Diploid, haploid, dikaryotic, diploid 
C)  Diploid, dikaryotic, haploid, diploid 
D)  Dikaryotic, diploid, haploid, dikaryotic 
E)  Haploid, dikaryotic, diploid, haploid

Question 19

Which of the following is not involved in maintaining genetic diversity within a fungus population?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mating types 
B)  Formation of conidia 
C)  Plasmogamy 
D)  Karyogamy 
E)  Meiosis 
A)  Mating types 
B)  Formation of conidia 
C)  Plasmogamy 
D)  Karyogamy 
E)  Meiosis

Question 20

The Basidiomycota are a diverse group of fungi with a characteristic reproductive structure called a basidium.The basidium is equivalent to the _______ in the Ascomycota.

Accepted Answer

A)  sporangiophore 
B)  conidia 
C)  ascus 
D)  ascoma 
E)  ascospore 
A)  sporangiophore 
B)  conidia 
C)  ascus 
D)  ascoma 
E)  ascospore

Exam 29: The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Refer to the figure, which shows the phylogeny of the fungi. What is the sister group to clade Dikarya?

Which of the following is the sister group to the Ascomycota?

In dikaryotic fungal hyphae, which event takes place between the events of plasmogamy and karyogamy?

The ancestral habitat of chytrid fungi is believed to have been aquatic because of the presence of flagellated gametes and _______ found in sexually reproducing species.

Based on the accumulation of peat during the Carboniferous period, it can be concluded that few _______ fungal species were present at the time.

Rhizopus is a type of mold that has coenocytic hyphae and only one diploid cell (the zygote) during its life cycle.It is therefore likely to belong to which of the following groups?

Free-living unicellular forms of several types of fungi (sac, zygospore, and club fungi) are known as _______.

Cereal grains are parasitized by rusts and smuts, which are classified as

Compatible mating types of zygospore fungi locate each other by production of

Which statement best explains why sexually reproducing fungi lack male and female structures?

Sexual reproduction in fungi occurs between genetically distinct _______.

Two organisms living in a symbiosis in which both benefit are called _______.

Assume that one haploid nucleus of a fungus with a dikaryotic life cycle contains 16 chromosomes.One nucleus in a cell immediately after plasmogamy has occurred has _______ chromosomes.

For successful reforestation to occur, a planned succession of plant growth and soil improvement must take place to allow _______ to become established.

Many basic aspects of cell and molecular biology come from the study of model organisms, including fungi, however, fungal model organisms could not be not be used to study

Refer to the figure, which shows the life cycle of Basidiomycota fungi. What is the technical name of the fruiting structure of this type of fungus? Identify its label.

Which structures and/or processes allow(s) a lichen to disperse to a new location?

Which of the following represents the sequence of genetic stages in the sexual life cycle of a sac fungus, that is, the ploidy of the (1) zygote, (2) ascospores, (3) mycelia (after plasmogamy), and (4) zygote again?

Which of the following is not involved in maintaining genetic diversity within a fungus population?

The Basidiomycota are a diverse group of fungi with a characteristic reproductive structure called a basidium.The basidium is equivalent to the _______ in the Ascomycota.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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