Question 1

Individual filaments that anchor chytrids and some other fungi to their substrate are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Individual filaments that anchor chytrids and some...

Question 2

Which of the following is a synapomorphy for the fungi?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parasitism 
B)  Spores 
C)  Heterotrophy 
D)  Chitin in the cell walls 
E)  Asexual reproduction 
A)  Parasitism 
B)  Spores 
C)  Heterotrophy 
D)  Chitin in the cell walls 
E)  Asexual reproduction

Question 3

Soredia are reproductive structures found in some

Accepted Answer

A)  zygospore fungi. 
B)  yeasts. 
C)  Basidiomycota. 
D)  mycorrhizae. 
E)  lichens. 
A)  zygospore fungi. 
B)  yeasts. 
C)  Basidiomycota. 
D)  mycorrhizae. 
E)  lichens.

Question 4

Based on the features present in the chytrids, what is the most likely ancestral habitat of this fungal group?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rhizoids present in the majority of chytrid groups indicate that they likely evolved on land and anchored to rocky substrates. 
B)  Flagellated spores and gametes indicate that chytrids first evolved in an aquatic environment. 
C)  The role of chytrids as mycorrhizae indicates that this group of fungi must have evolved on land in close association with plant roots. 
D)  Because of the morphological differences between male and female gametes, chytrids must have evolved as parasites within animals that share this trait. 
E)  Because of their ability to tolerate hot temperatures, chytrids most likely evolved near oceanic thermal vents. 
A)  Rhizoids present in the majority of chytrid groups indicate that they likely evolved on land and anchored to rocky substrates. 
B)  Flagellated spores and gametes indicate that chytrids first evolved in an aquatic environment. 
C)  The role of chytrids as mycorrhizae indicates that this group of fungi must have evolved on land in close association with plant roots. 
D)  Because of the morphological differences between male and female gametes, chytrids must have evolved as parasites within animals that share this trait. 
E)  Because of their ability to tolerate hot temperatures, chytrids most likely evolved near oceanic thermal vents.

Question 5

Which strategy would be most effective against a microsporidian parasite living within a lobster (crustacean) farm?

Accepted Answer

A)  The addition of chitinases (enzymes that breakdown chitin) to the lobster's food. 
B)  Treatment with chemicals that block mitochondrial function. 
C)  Treatment with chemicals that block polar tube formation. 
D)  Treatment with chemicals that prevent microsporidia from reproducing sexually. 
E)  Treatment with antibiotics. 
A)  The addition of chitinases (enzymes that breakdown chitin) to the lobster's food. 
B)  Treatment with chemicals that block mitochondrial function. 
C)  Treatment with chemicals that block polar tube formation. 
D)  Treatment with chemicals that prevent microsporidia from reproducing sexually. 
E)  Treatment with antibiotics.

Question 6

Refer to the figure, which shows the phylogeny of the fungi.   What are two synapomorphies that Basidiomycota do not share with the chytrids and microsporidia?

Accepted Answer

Any two of the following: plas

Question 7

Reproduction in fungi can occur sexually

Accepted Answer

A)  in unicellular fungi by fission. 
B)  when hyphae of different mating types fuse and make spores via meiosis. 
C)  when zoospores fuse to create a zygosporangium. 
D)  when hyphae of different mating types fuse and make conidia. 
E)  in most arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. 
A)  in unicellular fungi by fission. 
B)  when hyphae of different mating types fuse and make spores via meiosis. 
C)  when zoospores fuse to create a zygosporangium. 
D)  when hyphae of different mating types fuse and make conidia. 
E)  in most arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

Question 8

All gill-forming mushrooms are

Accepted Answer

A)  zygospore fungi. 
B)  chytrids. 
C)  Ascomycota. 
D)  Basidiomycota. 
E)  Glomeromycota. 
A)  zygospore fungi. 
B)  chytrids. 
C)  Ascomycota. 
D)  Basidiomycota. 
E)  Glomeromycota.

Question 9

In ectomycorrhizae, the fungal hyphae

Accepted Answer

A)  enter the roots and penetrate the cell walls of the root cells. 
B)  form treelike growths on the outside of plant roots. 
C)  wrap around the root tips of the plant. 
D)  cause plant roots to become stunted and malformed. 
E)  invade the spaces between the vascular tissue cells of the plant roots. 
A)  enter the roots and penetrate the cell walls of the root cells. 
B)  form treelike growths on the outside of plant roots. 
C)  wrap around the root tips of the plant. 
D)  cause plant roots to become stunted and malformed. 
E)  invade the spaces between the vascular tissue cells of the plant roots.

Question 10

Microsporidia penetrate their host cell using a _______ through which they inject the contents of the spore.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Microsporidia penetrate their host cell using a...

Question 11

You and your roommate open a jar of jelly that has been sitting in the back of your refrigerator for months.Your roommate is surprised to see black mold growing around the mouth of the jar and says that the refrigerator should be too cold and the jelly too hypertonic to support bacterial growth.Explain to your roommate what kind of organism is growing in the jar and why it is able to do so.

Accepted Answer

The mold growing in the jelly

Question 12

Individual filaments that anchor some chytrids to their substrate are called

Accepted Answer

A)  dikaryons. 
B)  hyphae. 
C)  rhizoids. 
D)  mycelia. 
E)  conidia. 
A)  dikaryons. 
B)  hyphae. 
C)  rhizoids. 
D)  mycelia. 
E)  conidia.

Question 13

Which statement about fungal endophytes of grasses is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They protect the grass from herbivores. 
B)  They improve phosphorus uptake by the grass. 
C)  They grow inside the stems of the grass. 
D)  They help the grass tolerate drought stress. 
E)  Many produce toxic alkaloids. 
A)  They protect the grass from herbivores. 
B)  They improve phosphorus uptake by the grass. 
C)  They grow inside the stems of the grass. 
D)  They help the grass tolerate drought stress. 
E)  Many produce toxic alkaloids.

Question 14

Refer to the figure, which shows the anatomy of a lichen.   Which layer(s) of the lichen is/are photosynthetic?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure, which shows the...

Question 15

If the solute concentration in the cytoplasm of a fungal hypha and a bacterial cell are equal, then an environmental solute concentration that is _______ would favor fungal growth over bacterial growth.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher 
B)  lower 
C)  the same 
D)  either lower or higher 
E)  the same or lower 
A)  higher 
B)  lower 
C)  the same 
D)  either lower or higher 
E)  the same or lower

Question 16

Spores of club fungi form on the surface of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  zygosporangium. 
B)  ascus. 
C)  sporangiophore. 
D)  basidium. 
E)  ascoma. 
A)  zygosporangium. 
B)  ascus. 
C)  sporangiophore. 
D)  basidium. 
E)  ascoma.

Question 17

Which statement about how fungi obtain nitrogen is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can use atmospheric nitrogen directly. 
B)  They can use nitrate ions. 
C)  They can obtain nitrogen from ammonium. 
D)  They can obtain nitrogen from proteins. 
E)  They can absorb nitrogen from decomposing organic material. 
A)  They can use atmospheric nitrogen directly. 
B)  They can use nitrate ions. 
C)  They can obtain nitrogen from ammonium. 
D)  They can obtain nitrogen from proteins. 
E)  They can absorb nitrogen from decomposing organic material.

Question 18

During sexual reproduction in fungi, which structures are dikaryotic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ascomata, basidiomata, zygosporangia 
B)  Gametangia, zygospores, ascospores 
C)  Gametangia, asci, basidia 
D)  Basidiospores, ascomata, zygosporangia 
E)  Basidiomata, asci, zygospores 
A)  Ascomata, basidiomata, zygosporangia 
B)  Gametangia, zygospores, ascospores 
C)  Gametangia, asci, basidia 
D)  Basidiospores, ascomata, zygosporangia 
E)  Basidiomata, asci, zygospores

Question 19

Your instructor provides you with three different specimens (A, B, and C) of the same dikaryotic fungal species and asks you to determine whether or not they are the same mating type.Without the aid of DNA sequencing, design an experiment to answer your instructor's question.

Accepted Answer

Because only strains of different mating

Question 20

A sexually produced spore (n) that buds from the surface of a gilled fruiting body is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  zygospore. 
B)  ascospore. 
C)  sporangiophore. 
D)  basidiospore. 
E)  zoospore. 
A)  zygospore. 
B)  ascospore. 
C)  sporangiophore. 
D)  basidiospore. 
E)  zoospore.

Exam 29: The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Individual filaments that anchor chytrids and some other fungi to their substrate are called _______.

Which of the following is a synapomorphy for the fungi?

Soredia are reproductive structures found in some

Based on the features present in the chytrids, what is the most likely ancestral habitat of this fungal group?

Which strategy would be most effective against a microsporidian parasite living within a lobster (crustacean) farm?

Refer to the figure, which shows the phylogeny of the fungi. What are two synapomorphies that Basidiomycota do not share with the chytrids and microsporidia?

Reproduction in fungi can occur sexually

All gill-forming mushrooms are

In ectomycorrhizae, the fungal hyphae

Microsporidia penetrate their host cell using a _______ through which they inject the contents of the spore.

Individual filaments that anchor some chytrids to their substrate are called

Which statement about fungal endophytes of grasses is false?

Refer to the figure, which shows the anatomy of a lichen. Which layer(s) of the lichen is/are photosynthetic?

If the solute concentration in the cytoplasm of a fungal hypha and a bacterial cell are equal, then an environmental solute concentration that is _______ would favor fungal growth over bacterial growth.

Spores of club fungi form on the surface of a(n)

Which statement about how fungi obtain nitrogen is false?

During sexual reproduction in fungi, which structures are dikaryotic?

Your instructor provides you with three different specimens (A, B, and C) of the same dikaryotic fungal species and asks you to determine whether or not they are the same mating type.Without the aid of DNA sequencing, design an experiment to answer your instructor's question.

A sexually produced spore (n) that buds from the surface of a gilled fruiting body is called a

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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