Question 1

Fungi can be important for the establishment and subsequent growth of tree seedlings in reforestation because they

Accepted Answer

A)  form mycorrhizal associations that produce sugars for their plant partners. 
B)  form mycorrhizal associations that enhance phosphorus uptake by the seedlings. 
C)  trap soil nematodes. 
D)  form mycorrhizal associations that inhibit nitrogen uptake by the seedlings. 
E)  can be used as biological indicators of pollution levels. 
A)  form mycorrhizal associations that produce sugars for their plant partners. 
B)  form mycorrhizal associations that enhance phosphorus uptake by the seedlings. 
C)  trap soil nematodes. 
D)  form mycorrhizal associations that inhibit nitrogen uptake by the seedlings. 
E)  can be used as biological indicators of pollution levels.

Question 2

_______ are the fungi within arbuscular mycorrhizae.

Accepted Answer

A)  Zygospore fungi 
B)  Chytrids 
C)  Ascomycota 
D)  Basidiomycota 
E)  Glomeromycota 
A)  Zygospore fungi 
B)  Chytrids 
C)  Ascomycota 
D)  Basidiomycota 
E)  Glomeromycota

Question 3

Which component would one expect to find as part of the fungal partner in lichens?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chitin 
B)  Chlorophyll 
C)  Reverse transcriptase 
D)  Silica 
E)  Cellulose 
A)  Chitin 
B)  Chlorophyll 
C)  Reverse transcriptase 
D)  Silica 
E)  Cellulose

Question 4

In the life cycle of a club fungus, what is the sequence of genetic stages, that is, the ploidy, from basidiospore, to hyphae produced by plasmogamy, to zygote, to regeneration of the basidiospore?

Accepted Answer

A)  Haploid, diploid, dikaryotic, haploid 
B)  Diploid, haploid, dikaryotic, diploid 
C)  Diploid, dikaryotic, haploid, diploid 
D)  Dikaryotic, diploid, haploid, dikaryotic 
E)  Haploid, dikaryotic, diploid, haploid 
A)  Haploid, diploid, dikaryotic, haploid 
B)  Diploid, haploid, dikaryotic, diploid 
C)  Diploid, dikaryotic, haploid, diploid 
D)  Dikaryotic, diploid, haploid, dikaryotic 
E)  Haploid, dikaryotic, diploid, haploid

Question 5

In lichens, sugars and other carbohydrates are provided by

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthesis by their algal symbionts. 
B)  uptake of these nutrients from the soil. 
C)  parasitism of trees and other organisms. 
D)  decomposition of tree bark. 
E)  protein synthesis. 
A)  photosynthesis by their algal symbionts. 
B)  uptake of these nutrients from the soil. 
C)  parasitism of trees and other organisms. 
D)  decomposition of tree bark. 
E)  protein synthesis.

Question 6

You have decided to try farming fungi in a terrarium.You buy an expensive starter kit but notice that after a few weeks of ample growth, the fungus is no longer doing well, yet is producing massive numbers of spores.Assuming that the moisture levels are appropriate, what is the most probable explanation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fungus has been infected with a virus. 
B)  The fungus has undergone sexual reproduction and is investing the majority of the energy it has harvested in the next generation. 
C)  The fungus is growing old and is accumulating too many lethal mutations. 
D)  The fungus is experiencing a dwindling food supply. 
E)  Antibiotics are being produced by some of the fungal hyphae and are affecting growth of hyphae that cannot tolerate these compounds. 
A)  The fungus has been infected with a virus. 
B)  The fungus has undergone sexual reproduction and is investing the majority of the energy it has harvested in the next generation. 
C)  The fungus is growing old and is accumulating too many lethal mutations. 
D)  The fungus is experiencing a dwindling food supply. 
E)  Antibiotics are being produced by some of the fungal hyphae and are affecting growth of hyphae that cannot tolerate these compounds.

Question 7

Refer to the figure.   The figure shows several microsporidia growing inside an animal host.If a mutation occurred that prevented the structure labelled A from developing properly, what would be the most likely consequence for the fungus?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fungus would begin budding and reproduce asexually. 
B)  The microsporidia could not be vertically transmitted to the offspring of their host. 
C)  New infective spores would no longer be made by the fungus. 
D)  Microsporidia would not be able to obtain nutrients from the host. 
E)  The host would no longer be infected with microsporidia. 
A)  The fungus would begin budding and reproduce asexually. 
B)  The microsporidia could not be vertically transmitted to the offspring of their host. 
C)  New infective spores would no longer be made by the fungus. 
D)  Microsporidia would not be able to obtain nutrients from the host. 
E)  The host would no longer be infected with microsporidia.

Question 8

If saprobic fungal populations were to decline, terrestrial ecosystems would

Accepted Answer

A)  release excessive amounts of CO2. 
B)  continue to break down the same amount of carbon compounds. 
C)  reduce decomposition. 
D)  undergo a mass extinction. 
E)  increase decomposition. 
A)  release excessive amounts of CO2. 
B)  continue to break down the same amount of carbon compounds. 
C)  reduce decomposition. 
D)  undergo a mass extinction. 
E)  increase decomposition.

Question 9

Lichens are _______ associations involving an alga or bacterium, usually with a fungus of the group _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  symbiotic; Basidiomycota 
B)  saprobic; Glomeromycota 
C)  parasitic; Basidiomycota 
D)  symbiotic; Ascomycota 
E)  parasitic; Zygomycota 
A)  symbiotic; Basidiomycota 
B)  saprobic; Glomeromycota 
C)  parasitic; Basidiomycota 
D)  symbiotic; Ascomycota 
E)  parasitic; Zygomycota

Question 10

A species of Ascomycota in which each nucleus of its dikaryotic mycelium has 22 chromosomes will have _______ chromosomes in the nucleus of one of its ascospores.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A species of Ascomycota in which each...

Question 11

Which statement about the dikaryotic stage of the life cycle of some fungi is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The dikaryon has swimming gametes with flagella. 
B)  The dikaryon is the only true diploid structure. 
C)  Meiosis occurs in the monokaryotic hyphae of the dikaryon. 
D)  The dikaryon is effectively neither diploid nor haploid. 
E)  Fungi with a dikaryon stage lack a true zygote stage. 
A)  The dikaryon has swimming gametes with flagella. 
B)  The dikaryon is the only true diploid structure. 
C)  Meiosis occurs in the monokaryotic hyphae of the dikaryon. 
D)  The dikaryon is effectively neither diploid nor haploid. 
E)  Fungi with a dikaryon stage lack a true zygote stage.

Question 12

Refer to the figure.   What is the function of the elongate structures?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.   What...

Question 13

Conidia of fungi are ecologically important in that they

Accepted Answer

A)  allow fungi to spread quickly in a suitable environment. 
B)  promote global warming by increasing the concentration of spores in the atmosphere. 
C)  increase genetic diversity in fungus populations. 
D)  prevent fungi from dispersing over long distances. 
E)  are the only means of asexual reproduction in fungi. 
A)  allow fungi to spread quickly in a suitable environment. 
B)  promote global warming by increasing the concentration of spores in the atmosphere. 
C)  increase genetic diversity in fungus populations. 
D)  prevent fungi from dispersing over long distances. 
E)  are the only means of asexual reproduction in fungi.

Question 14

The absence of flagellated gametes is a synapomorphy of which of the following fungal groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chytrids 
B)  Ascomycota 
C)  Basidiomycota 
D)  Ascomycota and Basidiomycota 
E)  Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and zygospore fungi 
A)  Chytrids 
B)  Ascomycota 
C)  Basidiomycota 
D)  Ascomycota and Basidiomycota 
E)  Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and zygospore fungi

Question 15

Can fungi be used in the "war on drugs"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, certain fungal strains can decompose the chemicals responsible for causing the "high" associated with some illicit drugs. 
B)  No, fungi do not have the potential for reducing the production or use of illicit drugs. 
C)  No, but pathogenic fungi can make the people who consume some illicit drugs very sick. 
D)  Yes, fungi can produce chemicals that prevent the accumulation of the compounds in coca plants that are used in illicit drugs. 
E)  Yes, certain fungal strains attack coca plants and can reduce crop yields if applied to areas where they are grown. 
A)  Yes, certain fungal strains can decompose the chemicals responsible for causing the "high" associated with some illicit drugs. 
B)  No, fungi do not have the potential for reducing the production or use of illicit drugs. 
C)  No, but pathogenic fungi can make the people who consume some illicit drugs very sick. 
D)  Yes, fungi can produce chemicals that prevent the accumulation of the compounds in coca plants that are used in illicit drugs. 
E)  Yes, certain fungal strains attack coca plants and can reduce crop yields if applied to areas where they are grown.

Question 16

The only dikaryotic cell during a zygospore fungus's life cycle is the_______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The only dikaryotic cell during a zygospore...

Question 17

What are the advantages of using fungi as model organisms?

Accepted Answer

The fungal species used as laboratory mo

Question 18

Which attribute of fungi makes them important in reforestation?

Accepted Answer

A)  They release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 
B)  They trap and store heavy metals that would otherwise be toxic to trees. 
C)  They secrete antibiotics that kill soil bacteria harmful to tree roots. 
D)  They are important for the establishment and subsequent growth of tree seedlings. 
E)  Fungi, in the form of lichens, can be used as biological indicators of pollution levels. 
A)  They release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 
B)  They trap and store heavy metals that would otherwise be toxic to trees. 
C)  They secrete antibiotics that kill soil bacteria harmful to tree roots. 
D)  They are important for the establishment and subsequent growth of tree seedlings. 
E)  Fungi, in the form of lichens, can be used as biological indicators of pollution levels.

Question 19

The _______ are a coenocytic fungal group that are only known to reproduce asexually and that associate with plant roots in a mutualistic symbiosis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______ are a coenocytic fungal group...

Question 20

In terrestrial ecosystems, a major role of saprobic fungi is to

Accepted Answer

A)  trap atmospheric CO2. 
B)  break down carbon compounds. 
C)  act as pathogens of plants and animals. 
D)  parasitize plants and animals. 
E)  release NH4+ into the environment. 
A)  trap atmospheric CO2. 
B)  break down carbon compounds. 
C)  act as pathogens of plants and animals. 
D)  parasitize plants and animals. 
E)  release NH4+ into the environment.

Exam 29: The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Fungi can be important for the establishment and subsequent growth of tree seedlings in reforestation because they

_______ are the fungi within arbuscular mycorrhizae.

Which component would one expect to find as part of the fungal partner in lichens?

In the life cycle of a club fungus, what is the sequence of genetic stages, that is, the ploidy, from basidiospore, to hyphae produced by plasmogamy, to zygote, to regeneration of the basidiospore?

In lichens, sugars and other carbohydrates are provided by

Refer to the figure. The figure shows several microsporidia growing inside an animal host.If a mutation occurred that prevented the structure labelled A from developing properly, what would be the most likely consequence for the fungus?

If saprobic fungal populations were to decline, terrestrial ecosystems would

Lichens are _______ associations involving an alga or bacterium, usually with a fungus of the group _______.

A species of Ascomycota in which each nucleus of its dikaryotic mycelium has 22 chromosomes will have _______ chromosomes in the nucleus of one of its ascospores.

Which statement about the dikaryotic stage of the life cycle of some fungi is true?

Refer to the figure. What is the function of the elongate structures?

Conidia of fungi are ecologically important in that they

The absence of flagellated gametes is a synapomorphy of which of the following fungal groups?

Can fungi be used in the "war on drugs"?

The only dikaryotic cell during a zygospore fungus's life cycle is the_______.

What are the advantages of using fungi as model organisms?

Which attribute of fungi makes them important in reforestation?

The _______ are a coenocytic fungal group that are only known to reproduce asexually and that associate with plant roots in a mutualistic symbiosis.

In terrestrial ecosystems, a major role of saprobic fungi is to

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