Question 1

The _______ and zygospore fungi are two major groups of fungi that are paraphyletic but have several distinct lineages.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______ and zygospore fungi are two...

Question 2

Collections of fungi made over many decades or centuries provide a record of environmental pollutants that were present when the fungi were growing.Which of the following is not a possible application of such data?

Accepted Answer

A)  To monitor effectiveness of pollution cleanup programs 
B)  To assess effects of environmental pollutants in the past 
C)  To measure past CO2 levels 
D)  To identify fungi with potential to take up particular environmental pollutants 
E)  None of the above, all are possible applications. 
A)  To monitor effectiveness of pollution cleanup programs 
B)  To assess effects of environmental pollutants in the past 
C)  To measure past CO2 levels 
D)  To identify fungi with potential to take up particular environmental pollutants 
E)  None of the above, all are possible applications.

Question 3

The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is of current ecological concern because of its effect on

Accepted Answer

A)  atmospheric warming. 
B)  nutrient cycling in temperate forests. 
C)  amphibian populations in various parts of the world. 
D)  the health of aquarium fish. 
E)  immunocompromised humans, such as those infected with the AIDS virus. 
A)  atmospheric warming. 
B)  nutrient cycling in temperate forests. 
C)  amphibian populations in various parts of the world. 
D)  the health of aquarium fish. 
E)  immunocompromised humans, such as those infected with the AIDS virus.

Question 4

If you needed penicillin, which of these products would be your best source?

Accepted Answer

A)  Beer 
B)  Bread 
C)  Soy sauce 
D)  Camembert cheese 
E)  Yogurt 
A)  Beer 
B)  Bread 
C)  Soy sauce 
D)  Camembert cheese 
E)  Yogurt

Question 5

The sexual reproductive structure of sac fungi is the

Accepted Answer

A)  basidium. 
B)  zygospore. 
C)  chytridiospore. 
D)  glomerospore. 
E)  ascus. 
A)  basidium. 
B)  zygospore. 
C)  chytridiospore. 
D)  glomerospore. 
E)  ascus.

Question 6

Approximately _______ percent of fungal species form lichens.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  12 
C)  20 
D)  50 
E)  80 
A)  2 
B)  12 
C)  20 
D)  50 
E)  80

Question 7

The global decline of amphibians is linked to the spread of a _______ fungus.

Accepted Answer

A)  club 
B)  smut 
C)  chytrid 
D)  sac 
E)  septate 
A)  club 
B)  smut 
C)  chytrid 
D)  sac 
E)  septate

Question 8

Predatory fungi may trap prey by means of

Accepted Answer

A)  haustoria. 
B)  sticky substances secreted by hyphae. 
C)  mycorrhizae. 
D)  polar tube injection of sporoplasm. 
E)  karyogamy. 
A)  haustoria. 
B)  sticky substances secreted by hyphae. 
C)  mycorrhizae. 
D)  polar tube injection of sporoplasm. 
E)  karyogamy.

Question 9

You are more likely to find fungi in a jar of jelly rather than bacteria, because some fungi have a _______ tolerance for highly _______ environments.

Accepted Answer

A)  lower; hypotonic 
B)  lower; hypertonic 
C)  higher; hypotonic 
D)  higher; hypertonic 
E)  lower; hypotonic and hypertonic 
A)  lower; hypotonic 
B)  lower; hypertonic 
C)  higher; hypotonic 
D)  higher; hypertonic 
E)  lower; hypotonic and hypertonic

Question 10

Mycorrhizae involve the formation of a fungal connection with the

Accepted Answer

A)  leaves of a plant. 
B)  roots of a plant. 
C)  flowers of a plant. 
D)  photosynthetic apparatus of a plant. 
E)  epidermis of an invertebrate. 
A)  leaves of a plant. 
B)  roots of a plant. 
C)  flowers of a plant. 
D)  photosynthetic apparatus of a plant. 
E)  epidermis of an invertebrate.

Question 11

If a bacterium and a fungus are cultured in an environment with a solute concentration higher than that in the cytoplasm of their cells,

Accepted Answer

A)  both grow equally well. 
B)  both die. 
C)  the bacterium grows well and the fungus grows poorly or dies. 
D)  the fungus grows well and the bacterium grows poorly or dies. 
E)  both enter a resting stage. 
A)  both grow equally well. 
B)  both die. 
C)  the bacterium grows well and the fungus grows poorly or dies. 
D)  the fungus grows well and the bacterium grows poorly or dies. 
E)  both enter a resting stage.

Question 12

The number of ascospores in a single ascus is

Accepted Answer

A)  two. 
B)  four. 
C)  eight. 
D)  either two or four. 
E)  either four or eight. 
A)  two. 
B)  four. 
C)  eight. 
D)  either two or four. 
E)  either four or eight.

Question 13

A species of Basidiomycota in which each zygote nucleus has 24 chromosomes will have _______ chromosomes in the nucleus of one of its basidiospores.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A species of Basidiomycota in which each...

Question 14

How does the growth and nutrition strategy of most fungi facilitate their ability to decompose and consume other organisms?

Accepted Answer

Fungi are not limited by size of food, b

Question 15

Which statement about the role of the zygospore in the life cycle of zygospore fungi is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It allows the spore to be dispersed by animals rather than the wind. 
B)  It forms a dormant resting stage for the products of sexual reproduction. 
C)  It is the only dispersal stage of these fungi. 
D)  It can fuse with another zygospore to produce a zygote. 
E)  It is the only flagellated stage of the zygospore life cycle. 
A)  It allows the spore to be dispersed by animals rather than the wind. 
B)  It forms a dormant resting stage for the products of sexual reproduction. 
C)  It is the only dispersal stage of these fungi. 
D)  It can fuse with another zygospore to produce a zygote. 
E)  It is the only flagellated stage of the zygospore life cycle.

Question 16

Which statement about the role of the flagellated spore in the life cycle of chytrid fungi is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It allows the spore to be dispersed by animals rather than by the wind. 
B)  It can grow directly into a multicellular haploid stage. 
C)  It can be carried on the wind for thousands of miles from its point of origin. 
D)  It can undergo meiosis. 
E)  It fuses with another spore to produce a zygote. 
A)  It allows the spore to be dispersed by animals rather than by the wind. 
B)  It can grow directly into a multicellular haploid stage. 
C)  It can be carried on the wind for thousands of miles from its point of origin. 
D)  It can undergo meiosis. 
E)  It fuses with another spore to produce a zygote.

Question 17

Which statement about life cycles with a dikaryon stage is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are no gamete cells, only gamete nuclei. 
B)  The only true diploid structure is the zygote. 
C)  A zygosporangium results from the fusion of two coenocytic hyphae. 
D)  In effect, the dikaryon is neither diploid nor haploid. 
E)  Dikaryotic hyphae often have characteristics that are different from those of their n or 2n products. 
A)  There are no gamete cells, only gamete nuclei. 
B)  The only true diploid structure is the zygote. 
C)  A zygosporangium results from the fusion of two coenocytic hyphae. 
D)  In effect, the dikaryon is neither diploid nor haploid. 
E)  Dikaryotic hyphae often have characteristics that are different from those of their n or 2n products.

Question 18

Which statement about the economic usefulness of fungi is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some species are used commercially to flavor foods. 
B)  Some species are edible. 
C)  Some species produce alcohol via fermentation. 
D)  Some species produce oxygen via fermentation. 
E)  Some species produce antibiotics. 
A)  Some species are used commercially to flavor foods. 
B)  Some species are edible. 
C)  Some species produce alcohol via fermentation. 
D)  Some species produce oxygen via fermentation. 
E)  Some species produce antibiotics.

Question 19

A landscaping firm has been hired to replant a hillside whose vegetation (primarily elm trees) has been decimated by an outbreak of Dutch elm disease.The landscapers decide to introduce new elm trees that have been engineered to contain a fungicide (a chemical toxic to organisms containing chitin).Despite their best efforts, these new trees fail to thrive after planting.What is the most likely explanation for their failure to grow?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fungicide is damaging the tree's roots, resulting in stunted growth. 
B)  The fungal partners necessary to form mycorrhizal associations are not present in the soil. 
C)  The fungicide has killed the endophytic fungi that usually protect the leaves from other pathogens, resulting in an increase in disease. 
D)  The hillside environment is not ideal for the growth of elm trees. 
E)  The fungicide is toxic to the fungi that normally form mycorrhizal associations with the tree's roots, thereby reducing nutrient availability for the plant. 
A)  The fungicide is damaging the tree's roots, resulting in stunted growth. 
B)  The fungal partners necessary to form mycorrhizal associations are not present in the soil. 
C)  The fungicide has killed the endophytic fungi that usually protect the leaves from other pathogens, resulting in an increase in disease. 
D)  The hillside environment is not ideal for the growth of elm trees. 
E)  The fungicide is toxic to the fungi that normally form mycorrhizal associations with the tree's roots, thereby reducing nutrient availability for the plant.

Question 20

The algal partner in a lichen symbiosis is responsible primarily for

Accepted Answer

A)  respiration. 
B)  food production. 
C)  defense. 
D)  reproduction. 
E)  water storage. 
A)  respiration. 
B)  food production. 
C)  defense. 
D)  reproduction. 
E)  water storage.

Exam 29: The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

The _______ and zygospore fungi are two major groups of fungi that are paraphyletic but have several distinct lineages.

Collections of fungi made over many decades or centuries provide a record of environmental pollutants that were present when the fungi were growing.Which of the following is not a possible application of such data?

The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is of current ecological concern because of its effect on

If you needed penicillin, which of these products would be your best source?

The sexual reproductive structure of sac fungi is the

Approximately _______ percent of fungal species form lichens.

The global decline of amphibians is linked to the spread of a _______ fungus.

Predatory fungi may trap prey by means of

You are more likely to find fungi in a jar of jelly rather than bacteria, because some fungi have a _______ tolerance for highly _______ environments.

Mycorrhizae involve the formation of a fungal connection with the

If a bacterium and a fungus are cultured in an environment with a solute concentration higher than that in the cytoplasm of their cells,

The number of ascospores in a single ascus is

A species of Basidiomycota in which each zygote nucleus has 24 chromosomes will have _______ chromosomes in the nucleus of one of its basidiospores.

How does the growth and nutrition strategy of most fungi facilitate their ability to decompose and consume other organisms?

Which statement about the role of the zygospore in the life cycle of zygospore fungi is true?

Which statement about the role of the flagellated spore in the life cycle of chytrid fungi is true?

Which statement about life cycles with a dikaryon stage is false?

Which statement about the economic usefulness of fungi is false?

The algal partner in a lichen symbiosis is responsible primarily for

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Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

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You are more likely to find fungi in a jar of jelly rather than bacteria, because some fungi have a _ tolerance for highly _ environments.