Question 1

If the transcribed mRNA is 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-AUGCUCGUGACGAUU-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10, what was the template strand of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-AUGCUCGUGACGAUU-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
B)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-ATGCTCGTGACGATT-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
C)  3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-ATGCTCGTGACGATT-5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
D)  3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-TACGAGCACTGCTAA-5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
E)  3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-UACGAGCACUGCUAA-5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
A)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-AUGCUCGUGACGAUU-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
B)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-ATGCTCGTGACGATT-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
C)  3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-ATGCTCGTGACGATT-5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
D)  3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-TACGAGCACTGCTAA-5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
E)  3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-UACGAGCACUGCUAA-5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 D

Question 2

Which statement about posttranslational modifications of proteins is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can affect the activity of an enzyme. 
B)  They may operate in signal transduction. 
C)  They can include the addition of polysaccharides to proteins. 
D)  They can include the cleavage of signal sequences. 
E)  They are not directed by the sequence of the protein. 
A)  They can affect the activity of an enzyme. 
B)  They may operate in signal transduction. 
C)  They can include the addition of polysaccharides to proteins. 
D)  They can include the cleavage of signal sequences. 
E)  They are not directed by the sequence of the protein. E

Question 3

Garrod postulated that alkaptonuria and other inborn errors of metabolism were due to

Accepted Answer

A)  a defect in RNA corresponding to a defect in a single gene. 
B)  a defect in a single enzyme that corresponds to a defect in a single gene. 
C)  a defect in a single enzyme that corresponds to defects in several genes. 
D)  defects in several enzymes that correspond to a defect in a single gene. 
E)  defects in several enzymes that correspond to defects in several genes. 
A)  a defect in RNA corresponding to a defect in a single gene. 
B)  a defect in a single enzyme that corresponds to a defect in a single gene. 
C)  a defect in a single enzyme that corresponds to defects in several genes. 
D)  defects in several enzymes that correspond to a defect in a single gene. 
E)  defects in several enzymes that correspond to defects in several genes. B

Question 4

The discovery that proteins can be assembled from products of more than one gene led to a refinement of the one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis.Biologists now refer to the one-gene, _______ relationship.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The discovery that proteins can be assembled...

Question 5

Refer to the figure, which shows the genetic code.   List the anticodons that would be present for the codons for the first five amino acids that would be translated from the following mRNA molecule.(Show orientation.)
5ʹ-...ACGAUACGUAUGCUCGAGAUCCGAGACUAUGUU...-3ʹ

Accepted Answer

3ʹ-UAC-5ʹ; 3ʹ-GAG-5ʹ

Question 6

If a non-template (non-coding) strand of DNA is 5ʹ-CTGAGC...ATGCGT-3ʹ (with [...] representing the intervening sequence), the resulting transcribed RNA would be _______.

Accepted Answer

5ʹ-CUGAGC.

Question 7

Poly A tails

Accepted Answer

A)  are added after transcription. 
B)  are encoded by a sequence of thymines in the DNA. 
C)  are found in all mRNAs. 
D)  are not involved in mRNA function. 
E)  are removed during RNA processing. 
A)  are added after transcription. 
B)  are encoded by a sequence of thymines in the DNA. 
C)  are found in all mRNAs. 
D)  are not involved in mRNA function. 
E)  are removed during RNA processing.

Question 8

What type of molecule "decodes" the information present in mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA itself 
B)  rRNA 
C)  tRNA 
D)  Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases 
E)  Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles 
A)  mRNA itself 
B)  rRNA 
C)  tRNA 
D)  Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases 
E)  Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles

Question 9

Promoters are made of

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins. 
B)  carbohydrates. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  nucleic acids. 
E)  amino acids. 
A)  proteins. 
B)  carbohydrates. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  nucleic acids. 
E)  amino acids.

Question 10

The language of mRNA (nucleotide codons) is translated into the language of protein (amino acids) through the actions of _______.

Accepted Answer

transfer R

Question 11

Soluble acid hydrolases are enzymes that are active in the acidic environment of lysosomes, where the pH is about 5.0.Mutations in the nucleotide sequence of one acid hydrolase family member have resulted in the encoded protein having lost key glycosylation sites.This is due to the substitutions of incorrect amino acids.How will these mutations affect the protein's function?

Accepted Answer

The posttranslational modification of gl

Question 12

Ribozymes are RNA molecules that have enzymatic activity.This conflicts with the belief of early molecular biologists that

Accepted Answer

A)  the flow of information in gene expression goes in one direction. 
B)  the flow of information in gene expression goes in both directions. 
C)  DNA information can be propagated into information in proteins, but information in proteins cannot be propagated into information in DNA. 
D)  each enzyme is a polypeptide. 
E)  each enzyme was encoded by one gene. 
A)  the flow of information in gene expression goes in one direction. 
B)  the flow of information in gene expression goes in both directions. 
C)  DNA information can be propagated into information in proteins, but information in proteins cannot be propagated into information in DNA. 
D)  each enzyme is a polypeptide. 
E)  each enzyme was encoded by one gene.

Question 13

A charged tRNA has _______ attached.

Accepted Answer

A)  a phosphate group 
B)  one or more sugar groups 
C)  an amino acid 
D)  an mRNA molecule 
E)  an rRNA molecule 
A)  a phosphate group 
B)  one or more sugar groups 
C)  an amino acid 
D)  an mRNA molecule 
E)  an rRNA molecule

Question 14

Suppose the DNA of a gene contains seven regions, A through G, in that order.Regions A, B, and F are located in exons, whereas regions C, D, E, and G are located in introns.What is the order of the regions in the pre-mRNA transcribed from this sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  CDEG 
B)  ABF 
C)  ABFCDEG 
D)  CDEGABF 
E)  ABCDEFG 
A)  CDEG 
B)  ABF 
C)  ABFCDEG 
D)  CDEGABF 
E)  ABCDEFG

Question 15

An environmental change leads a cell to start making proteins at high rates.Which scenario would be the most likely mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cell would accumulate free ribosomes in the cytoplasm. 
B)  The cell would accumulate ribosomal subunits in the nucleus. 
C)  The cell would have mostly a single ribosome associated with each mRNA. 
D)  The cell would likely have increased numbers of polysomes. 
E)  The cell would lack the wobble effect. 
A)  The cell would accumulate free ribosomes in the cytoplasm. 
B)  The cell would accumulate ribosomal subunits in the nucleus. 
C)  The cell would have mostly a single ribosome associated with each mRNA. 
D)  The cell would likely have increased numbers of polysomes. 
E)  The cell would lack the wobble effect.

Question 16

After processing at the RER, a protein inappropriately moves back into the RER through the membrane because its signal sequence is still attached.This is a failure of

Accepted Answer

A)  proteolysis. 
B)  glycosylation. 
C)  phosphorylation. 
D)  the fidelity function. 
E)  translation. 
A)  proteolysis. 
B)  glycosylation. 
C)  phosphorylation. 
D)  the fidelity function. 
E)  translation.

Question 17

Reverse transcription is the opposite of transcription with respect to

Accepted Answer

A)  energetics (the creation/destruction of phosphate bonds). 
B)  the modifications made during RNA processing. 
C)  the flow of information. 
D)  the role tRNA plays in the processes. 
E)  which DNA strand is copied. 
A)  energetics (the creation/destruction of phosphate bonds). 
B)  the modifications made during RNA processing. 
C)  the flow of information. 
D)  the role tRNA plays in the processes. 
E)  which DNA strand is copied.

Question 18

If a mutation occurs such that splicing does not remove one of the introns in a gene, what effect will this have on the protein encoded by that gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will have no effect; the gene will be transcribed and translated into protein. 
B)  Transcription will terminate early, and the protein will not be made. 
C)  Transcription will continue, but translation will stop at the site where the intron remains. 
D)  Translation will continue, but it is likely that a nonfunctional or aberrant protein will be made. 
E)  Translation will and will skip the intron sequence. 
A)  It will have no effect; the gene will be transcribed and translated into protein. 
B)  Transcription will terminate early, and the protein will not be made. 
C)  Transcription will continue, but translation will stop at the site where the intron remains. 
D)  Translation will continue, but it is likely that a nonfunctional or aberrant protein will be made. 
E)  Translation will and will skip the intron sequence.

Question 19

An mRNA has the sequence 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-AUGAAAUCCUAG-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10.What is the template DNA strand for this sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-TACTTTAGGATC-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
B)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-ATGAAATCCTAG-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
C)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-GATCCTAAAGTA-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
D)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-TACAAATCCTAG-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
E)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-CTAGGATTTCAT-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
A)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-TACTTTAGGATC-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
B)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-ATGAAATCCTAG-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
C)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-GATCCTAAAGTA-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
D)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-TACAAATCCTAG-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
E)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-CTAGGATTTCAT-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10

Question 20

Individuals with two copies of a certain loss-of-function PMM2 allele suffer from hypotonia (weak muscle tone), and about 20 percent of these individuals will die of multiple organ failure during their first year of life.The PMM2 gene codes for an enzyme that is involved in the process of _______, which adds sugars to proteins on certain amino acid R groups on proteins.The modification of target proteins by this process is necessary for these proteins to fulfill their functional roles.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Individuals with two copies of a certain...

Exam 14: From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

If the transcribed mRNA is 5-AUGCUCGUGACGAUU-3, what was the template strand of DNA?

Which statement about posttranslational modifications of proteins is false?

Garrod postulated that alkaptonuria and other inborn errors of metabolism were due to

The discovery that proteins can be assembled from products of more than one gene led to a refinement of the one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis.Biologists now refer to the one-gene, _______ relationship.

Refer to the figure, which shows the genetic code. List the anticodons that would be present for the codons for the first five amino acids that would be translated from the following mRNA molecule.(Show orientation.) 5ʹ-...ACGAUACGUAUGCUCGAGAUCCGAGACUAUGUU...-3ʹ

If a non-template (non-coding) strand of DNA is 5ʹ-CTGAGC...ATGCGT-3ʹ (with [...] representing the intervening sequence), the resulting transcribed RNA would be _______.

Poly A tails

What type of molecule "decodes" the information present in mRNA?

Promoters are made of

The language of mRNA (nucleotide codons) is translated into the language of protein (amino acids) through the actions of _______.

Ribozymes are RNA molecules that have enzymatic activity.This conflicts with the belief of early molecular biologists that

A charged tRNA has _______ attached.

Suppose the DNA of a gene contains seven regions, A through G, in that order.Regions A, B, and F are located in exons, whereas regions C, D, E, and G are located in introns.What is the order of the regions in the pre-mRNA transcribed from this sequence?

An environmental change leads a cell to start making proteins at high rates.Which scenario would be the most likely mechanism?

After processing at the RER, a protein inappropriately moves back into the RER through the membrane because its signal sequence is still attached.This is a failure of

Reverse transcription is the opposite of transcription with respect to

If a mutation occurs such that splicing does not remove one of the introns in a gene, what effect will this have on the protein encoded by that gene?

An mRNA has the sequence 5-AUGAAAUCCUAG-3.What is the template DNA strand for this sequence?

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