Question 1

An mRNA sequence is 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-CAGUUACGA...UAAGC-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 ([…] denotes intervening sequences).What is the sequence of the template strand of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-CAGUUACGA...UAAGC-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
B)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-CAGTTACGA...TAAGC-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
C)  3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-CAGUUACGA...UAAGC-5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
D)  3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-GTCAATGCT...ATTCG-5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
E)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-GTCAATGCT...ATTCG-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
A)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-CAGUUACGA...UAAGC-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
B)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-CAGTTACGA...TAAGC-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
C)  3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-CAGUUACGA...UAAGC-5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
D)  3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-GTCAATGCT...ATTCG-5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
E)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-GTCAATGCT...ATTCG-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10

Question 2

In protein synthesis, the endoplasmic reticulum

Accepted Answer

A)  is the site of completion of translation of membrane-bound and exported proteins. 
B)  is the site where all ribosomes bind. 
C)  is the site where mRNA attaches. 
D)  produces tRNAs. 
E)  brings together mRNA and tRNA. 
A)  is the site of completion of translation of membrane-bound and exported proteins. 
B)  is the site where all ribosomes bind. 
C)  is the site where mRNA attaches. 
D)  produces tRNAs. 
E)  brings together mRNA and tRNA.

Question 3

Refer to the figure, which shows the standard genetic code.   Which amino acid will the anticodon 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-TCC-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 recruit to the growing polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alanine 
B)  Glutamic acid 
C)  Valine 
D)  Serine 
E)  Glycine 
A)  Alanine 
B)  Glutamic acid 
C)  Valine 
D)  Serine 
E)  Glycine

Question 4

During transcription, by what molecule(s) is the DNA unwound?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transcription factor(s) 
B)  Initiation factor(s) 
C)  RNA polymerase 
D)  RNA helicase 
E)  DNA itself 
A)  Transcription factor(s) 
B)  Initiation factor(s) 
C)  RNA polymerase 
D)  RNA helicase 
E)  DNA itself

Question 5

The central dogma of molecular biology concerns the

Accepted Answer

A)  types of molecules used in the processes of transcription and translation. 
B)  energetics of transcription. 
C)  energetics of translation. 
D)  flow of information in gene expression. 
E)  inheritance of DNA. 
A)  types of molecules used in the processes of transcription and translation. 
B)  energetics of transcription. 
C)  energetics of translation. 
D)  flow of information in gene expression. 
E)  inheritance of DNA.

Question 6

If a codon is 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-AAG-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10, the anticodon is

Accepted Answer

A)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-AAG-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
B)  3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-AAG-5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
C)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-UUC-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
D)  3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-UUC-5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
E)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-TTG-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
A)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-AAG-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
B)  3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-AAG-5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
C)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-UUC-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
D)  3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-UUC-5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
E)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-TTG-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10

Question 7

In eukaryotic cells, translation occurs in the _______ and transcription occurs _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus; in the nucleus 
B)  nucleus; in the cytoplasm 
C)  cytoplasm; in the nucleus 
D)  nucleus; outside of the cell 
E)  cytoplasm; outside of the cell 
A)  nucleus; in the nucleus 
B)  nucleus; in the cytoplasm 
C)  cytoplasm; in the nucleus 
D)  nucleus; outside of the cell 
E)  cytoplasm; outside of the cell

Question 8

Proteins that will go to different locations will likely have different _______ sequences.

Accepted Answer

A)  address 
B)  messenger 
C)  signal 
D)  transport 
E)  utility 
A)  address 
B)  messenger 
C)  signal 
D)  transport 
E)  utility

Question 9

Which statement about the flow of genetic information is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteins encode information that is used to produce other proteins of the same amino acid sequence. 
B)  RNA encodes information that is transcribed into DNA, and DNA encodes information that is translated into proteins. 
C)  Proteins encode information that can be translated into RNA, and RNA encodes information that can be transcribed into DNA. 
D)  DNA encodes information that is transcribed into RNA, and RNA encodes information that is translated into proteins. 
E)  DNA encodes information that is translated directly to proteins, without any intermediaries. 
A)  Proteins encode information that is used to produce other proteins of the same amino acid sequence. 
B)  RNA encodes information that is transcribed into DNA, and DNA encodes information that is translated into proteins. 
C)  Proteins encode information that can be translated into RNA, and RNA encodes information that can be transcribed into DNA. 
D)  DNA encodes information that is transcribed into RNA, and RNA encodes information that is translated into proteins. 
E)  DNA encodes information that is translated directly to proteins, without any intermediaries.

Question 10

In eukaryotes, the first amino acid in a growing polypeptide chain is always _______ because the only codon for this amino acid is also the _______ codon.This amino acid is not always the first amino acid in a processed protein because of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  methionine; start; proteolysis 
B)  methionine; stop; proteolysis 
C)  alanine; start; glycosylation 
D)  alanine; stop; proteolysis 
E)  methionine; start; glycosylation 
A)  methionine; start; proteolysis 
B)  methionine; stop; proteolysis 
C)  alanine; start; glycosylation 
D)  alanine; stop; proteolysis 
E)  methionine; start; glycosylation

Question 11

The amino acids in proteins are encoded by _______ different codons.

Accepted Answer

A)  20 
B)  23 
C)  42 
D)  61 
E)  64 
A)  20 
B)  23 
C)  42 
D)  61 
E)  64

Question 12

How is it possible for single-stranded RNA to fold into complex shapes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phosphodiester linkages form between the phosphate and the sugar ribose. 
B)  Internal base pairings occur-adenine with uracil, and cytosine with guanine. 
C)  Uracil's methyl group binds to adenine, coiling the molecule. 
D)  The single strand "twists" around itself. 
E)  The RNA binds to proteins, creating a conformation (three-dimensional shape). 
A)  Phosphodiester linkages form between the phosphate and the sugar ribose. 
B)  Internal base pairings occur-adenine with uracil, and cytosine with guanine. 
C)  Uracil's methyl group binds to adenine, coiling the molecule. 
D)  The single strand "twists" around itself. 
E)  The RNA binds to proteins, creating a conformation (three-dimensional shape).

Question 13

The anticodon 3ʹ-GCI-5ʹ cannot pair with which of the following codons?

Accepted Answer

A)  5ʹ-GCA-3ʹ 
B)  5ʹ-GCC-3ʹ 
C)  5ʹ-GCU-3ʹ 
D)  5ʹ-GCG-3ʹ 
E)  All of the above 
A)  5ʹ-GCA-3ʹ 
B)  5ʹ-GCC-3ʹ 
C)  5ʹ-GCU-3ʹ 
D)  5ʹ-GCG-3ʹ 
E)  All of the above

Question 14

People with alkaptonuria have an inactive form of

Accepted Answer

A)  biotin. 
B)  biotin oxidase. 
C)  homogentisic acid. 
D)  homogentisic acid oxidase. 
E)  tyrosine. 
A)  biotin. 
B)  biotin oxidase. 
C)  homogentisic acid. 
D)  homogentisic acid oxidase. 
E)  tyrosine.

Question 15

The guanosine triphosphate (GTP) cap that is added to the 5ʹ end of primary mRNA

Accepted Answer

A)  contains all the coding and noncoding sequences of the DNA template. 
B)  provides the mRNA molecule with a poly A tail. 
C)  helps transfer amino acids to the ribosomes. 
D)  forms hydrogen bonds with the polymerase. 
E)  facilitates the binding of mRNA to ribosomes. 
A)  contains all the coding and noncoding sequences of the DNA template. 
B)  provides the mRNA molecule with a poly A tail. 
C)  helps transfer amino acids to the ribosomes. 
D)  forms hydrogen bonds with the polymerase. 
E)  facilitates the binding of mRNA to ribosomes.

Question 16

Refer to the figure.   If the base inosine is available, the smallest number of hypothetically possible tRNAs that could be used to translate these two sequences would be

Accepted Answer

A)  1. 
B)  2. 
C)  3. 
D)  4. 
E)  5. 
A)  1. 
B)  2. 
C)  3. 
D)  4. 
E)  5.

Question 17

RNA differs from DNA in its base composition in that it contains _______ instead of thymine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of RNA differs from DNA in its base...

Question 18

A posttranslational modification commonly used by signal transduction pathways to regulate the activity of proteins is _______ of specific amino acid residues.This modification often changes the conformation of enzymes, resulting in activation (or inactivation) of the enzyme's catalytic activity.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycosylation 
B)  proteolysis 
C)  splicing 
D)  nuclear signaling 
E)  phosphorylation 
A)  glycosylation 
B)  proteolysis 
C)  splicing 
D)  nuclear signaling 
E)  phosphorylation

Question 19

Wild-type bacteria can synthesize substance D, but various mutant strains cannot.We know that substance D is synthesized from substance X in a pathway that involves three intermediate substances (A, B, and C), but we do not know the order of the steps in the pathway.The table shows four different mutant strains that have been tested for their ability to grow on the various substances.A "+" means that the strain can grow on that substance; a "-" means that the strain cannot grow on that substance.   Based on these data, what is the most likely order of the pathway? (A, B, C, D means that substance A is converted to substance B, which is converted to substance C, which is converted to substance D.)

Accepted Answer

A)  A, B, C, D 
B)  A, C, B, D 
C)  B, A, C, D 
D)  C, B, A, D 
E)  C, A, B, D 
A)  A, B, C, D 
B)  A, C, B, D 
C)  B, A, C, D 
D)  C, B, A, D 
E)  C, A, B, D

Question 20

In RNA viruses, single-stranded RNA replicates by

Accepted Answer

A)  making an RNA strand that is complementary to the original RNA strand. 
B)  using an adapter molecule. 
C)  the process of transcription. 
D)  the process of translation. 
E)  the process of reverse transcription. 
A)  making an RNA strand that is complementary to the original RNA strand. 
B)  using an adapter molecule. 
C)  the process of transcription. 
D)  the process of translation. 
E)  the process of reverse transcription.

Exam 14: From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

An mRNA sequence is 5-CAGUUACGA...UAAGC-3 ([…] denotes intervening sequences).What is the sequence of the template strand of DNA?

In protein synthesis, the endoplasmic reticulum

Refer to the figure, which shows the standard genetic code. Which amino acid will the anticodon 5-TCC-3 recruit to the growing polypeptide chain?

During transcription, by what molecule(s) is the DNA unwound?

The central dogma of molecular biology concerns the

If a codon is 5-AAG-3, the anticodon is

In eukaryotic cells, translation occurs in the _______ and transcription occurs _______.

Proteins that will go to different locations will likely have different _______ sequences.

Which statement about the flow of genetic information is true?

In eukaryotes, the first amino acid in a growing polypeptide chain is always _______ because the only codon for this amino acid is also the _______ codon.This amino acid is not always the first amino acid in a processed protein because of _______.

The amino acids in proteins are encoded by _______ different codons.

How is it possible for single-stranded RNA to fold into complex shapes?

The anticodon 3ʹ-GCI-5ʹ cannot pair with which of the following codons?

People with alkaptonuria have an inactive form of

The guanosine triphosphate (GTP) cap that is added to the 5ʹ end of primary mRNA

Refer to the figure. If the base inosine is available, the smallest number of hypothetically possible tRNAs that could be used to translate these two sequences would be

RNA differs from DNA in its base composition in that it contains _______ instead of thymine.

A posttranslational modification commonly used by signal transduction pathways to regulate the activity of proteins is _______ of specific amino acid residues.This modification often changes the conformation of enzymes, resulting in activation (or inactivation) of the enzyme's catalytic activity.

In RNA viruses, single-stranded RNA replicates by

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Filters

In eukaryotic cells, translation occurs in the _ and transcription occurs _.

In eukaryotes, the first amino acid in a growing polypeptide chain is always ___ because the only codon for this amino acid is also the _ codon.This amino acid is not always the first amino acid in a processed protein because of _____.