Exam 14: From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Before the details of transcription and translation were worked out, Crick hypothesized a unidirectional flow of information from DNA to protein.He called this model the_______.

A researcher purifies numerous different eukaryotic mRNA species and carries out nucleic acid hybridization to identify the genes encoding the various mRNAs.As expected, the presence of exons within the genomic DNA creates regions in which there is no mRNA sequence to hybridize with the DNA.The researcher also notes that at the 3′ end of all of the mRNA species, there are RNA sequences that fails to anneal with the DNA.The researcher concludes that these RNA sequences must correspond to _______.

The portion of the tRNA molecule that works with the mRNA to accomplish complementary base pairing is called the _______.

Consider the experiments by Noller and colleagues.If removal of proteins from the large subunit of the ribosome had destroyed peptidyl transferase activity, then one could infer that

DNA is composed of two strands, only one of which is typically used as a template for RNA synthesis.By what mechanism is the correct strand chosen?

Refer to the figure, which shows the standard genetic code. If the anticodon is 3-GAG-5, then the associated amino acid is

Given that a 5-to-3 strand of DNA is AGCTCGATCGA, what is the resulting transcribed RNA?

During translation elongation, the growing polypeptide chain moves to

An individual has a metabolic disease that is traced to one nonfunctional enzyme.Protein analysis reveals that the protein is larger than normal and fails to assemble into the proper tertiary structure.Analysis of the gene sequence will most likely reveal that the mutation

The anticodon 3ʹ-AGU-5ʹ will pair with the codon _______.

The antibiotic tetracycline exploits the differences between the _______ of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

The regions of DNA in a eukaryotic gene that contain noncoding base sequences are called

Which statement does not support Garrod's hypothesis that inborn errors of metabolism cause disease?

Beadle and Tatum's experiments showed that a biochemical pathway could be deduced from mutant strains.In bacteria, the biosynthesis of the amino acid tryptophan (T) from the precursor chorismate (C) involves four intermediate chemical compounds, which we will call D, E, F, and G.The phenotypes of various mutant strains are shown in the table.Each strain has a mutation in a gene for a different enzyme; "+" means growth with the indicated compound added to the medium, and "0" means no growth. Based on these data, order the compounds (C, D, E, F, G, and T) and enzymes (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) in a biochemical pathway.

Translation of messenger RNA into protein occurs in mRNA in a _______ direction, and the protein is built from _______ terminus to _______ terminus.

Refer to the figure showing the process of gene expression in eukaryotes. Which arrow in the indicates RNA processing?

The excess in the number of codons needed to code for amino acids indicates that the genetic code is _______.

The initiation of transcription of the glycogen synthase gene occurs when RNA polymerase binds to the _______ of the glycogen synthase gene DNA.

What characteristic of newly synthesized mRNA that provides mRNA stability could be used in the lab to separate it from other RNAs?

Stop codons