Question 1

Ribosomes are a collection of _______ that are needed for _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  small proteins; translation 
B)  proteins and rRNAs; translation 
C)  proteins and tRNAs; transcription 
D)  proteins and mRNAs; translation 
E)  mRNAs and tRNAs; translation 
A)  small proteins; translation 
B)  proteins and rRNAs; translation 
C)  proteins and tRNAs; transcription 
D)  proteins and mRNAs; translation 
E)  mRNAs and tRNAs; translation

Question 2

Which molecule is used in transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  GTP 
B)  dATP 
C)  Ribosome 
D)  tRNA 
E)  DNA polymerase 
A)  GTP 
B)  dATP 
C)  Ribosome 
D)  tRNA 
E)  DNA polymerase

Question 3

People with alkaptonuria are usually placed on diets limited in tyrosine because

Accepted Answer

A)  they lack the enzyme that breaks down tyrosine. 
B)  they lack the enzyme that breaks down a by-product of tyrosine metabolism. 
C)  due to a difference in one of their enzymes, they produce too much tyrosine. 
D)  tyrosine alters their enzymes, causing them not to be able to break down homogentisic acid. 
E)  tyrosine alters their enzymes, causing them to produce too little homogentisic acid. 
A)  they lack the enzyme that breaks down tyrosine. 
B)  they lack the enzyme that breaks down a by-product of tyrosine metabolism. 
C)  due to a difference in one of their enzymes, they produce too much tyrosine. 
D)  tyrosine alters their enzymes, causing them not to be able to break down homogentisic acid. 
E)  tyrosine alters their enzymes, causing them to produce too little homogentisic acid.

Question 4

Wild-type strains of a yeast species can grow on a medium of glucose, minerals, and niacin.Many strains that have been subjected to X rays cannot grow on this medium (call it medium Q) unless other substances are added to it.Medium Q is thus a(n) _______ medium.

Accepted Answer

A)  mutagenic 
B)  enzymatic 
C)  minimal 
D)  model 
E)  wild-type 
A)  mutagenic 
B)  enzymatic 
C)  minimal 
D)  model 
E)  wild-type

Question 5

If a strain of Neurospora is unable to grow on minimal medium but can grow when substance A is added to minimal medium, then

Accepted Answer

A)  the strain is wild type. 
B)  the strain lacks the enzyme or enzymes needed to break down substance A. 
C)  the strain lacks the enzyme or enzymes needed to synthesize substance A. 
D)  substance A must be an enzyme. 
E)  substance A must be a mutagen. 
A)  the strain is wild type. 
B)  the strain lacks the enzyme or enzymes needed to break down substance A. 
C)  the strain lacks the enzyme or enzymes needed to synthesize substance A. 
D)  substance A must be an enzyme. 
E)  substance A must be a mutagen.

Question 6

What structure or molecules bring(s) tRNA and mRNA together?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase 
B)  Ribosomes 
C)  Peptidyl transferase 
D)  RNA polymerase 
E)  Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) 
A)  Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase 
B)  Ribosomes 
C)  Peptidyl transferase 
D)  RNA polymerase 
E)  Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs)

Question 7

The central dogma of molecular biology states that DNA is transcribed into _______, which is translated into protein

Accepted Answer

The answer of The central dogma of molecular biology states...

Question 8

The modified base inosine contributes to

Accepted Answer

A)  the wobble effect. 
B)  the fidelity function. 
C)  mRNA processing. 
D)  the formation of peptide bonds in translation. 
E)  proteolysis. 
A)  the wobble effect. 
B)  the fidelity function. 
C)  mRNA processing. 
D)  the formation of peptide bonds in translation. 
E)  proteolysis.

Question 9

The disease alkaptonuria, which takes its name from the black urine that is a frequent symptom, is caused by an inborn error of metabolism.This symptom arises from the buildup of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The disease alkaptonuria, which takes its name...

Question 10

Alkaptonuria results from a(n) _______ of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  excess; homogentisic acid 
B)  deficiency; homogentisic acid 
C)  excess; biotin 
D)  deficiency; biotin 
E)  excess; glucose 
A)  excess; homogentisic acid 
B)  deficiency; homogentisic acid 
C)  excess; biotin 
D)  deficiency; biotin 
E)  excess; glucose

Question 11

The formation of a peptide bond between an amino acid at the P site and an amino acid at the A site during translation is catalyzed by

Accepted Answer

A)  the large ribosomal subunit. 
B)  a specialized segment of DNA. 
C)  a specialized segment of RNA. 
D)  the initiation complex. 
E)  initiation factors. 
A)  the large ribosomal subunit. 
B)  a specialized segment of DNA. 
C)  a specialized segment of RNA. 
D)  the initiation complex. 
E)  initiation factors.

Question 12

A stop codon causes

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription to come to a halt. 
B)  the next codon to be transcribed. 
C)  the end of processing of a polypeptide. 
D)  translation to cease. 
E)  the release of a transcription factor from the promoter. 
A)  transcription to come to a halt. 
B)  the next codon to be transcribed. 
C)  the end of processing of a polypeptide. 
D)  translation to cease. 
E)  the release of a transcription factor from the promoter.

Question 13

The _______ of the large ribosomal subunit is/are responsible for _______ during translation.

Accepted Answer

A)  rRNA; forming of peptide bonds 
B)  rRNA; the initial binding of the mRNA 
C)  rRNA; charging tRNA 
D)  proteins; forming of peptide bonds 
E)  proteins; the initial binding of the mRNA 
A)  rRNA; forming of peptide bonds 
B)  rRNA; the initial binding of the mRNA 
C)  rRNA; charging tRNA 
D)  proteins; forming of peptide bonds 
E)  proteins; the initial binding of the mRNA

Question 14

Researchers treat a human cell line and a plant cell line with a drug that specifically blocks transcription of nuclear genes by an unknown mechanism.This action affects the activity of the semiautonomous organelles mitochondria and chloroplasts because these organelles

Accepted Answer

A)  use nuclear RNA polymerases to transcribe their genomes. 
B)  are fully dependent upon host cell ribosomes. 
C)  do not have any of their own tRNAs. 
D)  import some proteins from the nuclear-cytoplasm protein synthesis pathway. 
E)  import all proteins from the nuclear-cytoplasm protein synthesis pathway. 
A)  use nuclear RNA polymerases to transcribe their genomes. 
B)  are fully dependent upon host cell ribosomes. 
C)  do not have any of their own tRNAs. 
D)  import some proteins from the nuclear-cytoplasm protein synthesis pathway. 
E)  import all proteins from the nuclear-cytoplasm protein synthesis pathway.

Question 15

In prokaryotes, the region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds most tightly is the

Accepted Answer

A)  promoter. 
B)  poly C center. 
C)  enhancer. 
D)  operator site. 
E)  minor groove. 
A)  promoter. 
B)  poly C center. 
C)  enhancer. 
D)  operator site. 
E)  minor groove.

Question 16

_______ is not required for transcription.

Accepted Answer

A)  A DNA template 
B)  A primer 
C)  Ribonucleoside triphosphate 
D)  RNA polymerase 
E)  Helicase 
A)  A DNA template 
B)  A primer 
C)  Ribonucleoside triphosphate 
D)  RNA polymerase 
E)  Helicase

Question 17

Which event must occur before eukaryotic mRNA is transcribed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Binding of a transcription factor to the promoter 
B)  Capping of the 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 end 
C)  Addition of a poly A tail to the 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 end 
D)  Splicing out of the introns 
E)  Transport to the cytosol 
A)  Binding of a transcription factor to the promoter 
B)  Capping of the 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 end 
C)  Addition of a poly A tail to the 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 end 
D)  Splicing out of the introns 
E)  Transport to the cytosol

Question 18

Which statement about nucleic acid hybridization is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is used to study the relationship between eukaryotic genes and their transcripts. 
B)  It requires that the original DNA molecule be denatured. 
C)  It involves the use of a probe to form a double-stranded molecule. 
D)  It originally revealed the existence of introns. 
E)  It can only be used for comparing prokaryotic mRNA and DNA. 
A)  It is used to study the relationship between eukaryotic genes and their transcripts. 
B)  It requires that the original DNA molecule be denatured. 
C)  It involves the use of a probe to form a double-stranded molecule. 
D)  It originally revealed the existence of introns. 
E)  It can only be used for comparing prokaryotic mRNA and DNA.

Question 19

What are the three processes in posttranscriptional modification that must be completed before transcripts can be translated in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Binding of snRNPs, addition of a poly A tail, splicing of introns 
B)  Binding of snRNPs, transporting, synthesizing of ribose 
C)  Capping, transporting, synthesizing of ribose 
D)  Binding of snRNPs, capping, splicing 
E)  Splicing, capping, addition of a poly A tail 
A)  Binding of snRNPs, addition of a poly A tail, splicing of introns 
B)  Binding of snRNPs, transporting, synthesizing of ribose 
C)  Capping, transporting, synthesizing of ribose 
D)  Binding of snRNPs, capping, splicing 
E)  Splicing, capping, addition of a poly A tail

Question 20

In eukaryotes, ribosomes become associated with endoplasmic reticulum membranes when

Accepted Answer

A)  a signal sequence on the mRNA interacts with a receptor protein on the membrane. 
B)  a signal sequence on the ribosome interacts with a receptor protein on the membrane. 
C)  the messenger RNA passes through a pore in the membrane. 
D)  a signal sequence on the protein being synthesized interacts with a signal recognition particle and both bind to the endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  a signal sequence at the amino terminus of the protein being synthesized interacts with a receptor protein on the ribosome. 
A)  a signal sequence on the mRNA interacts with a receptor protein on the membrane. 
B)  a signal sequence on the ribosome interacts with a receptor protein on the membrane. 
C)  the messenger RNA passes through a pore in the membrane. 
D)  a signal sequence on the protein being synthesized interacts with a signal recognition particle and both bind to the endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  a signal sequence at the amino terminus of the protein being synthesized interacts with a receptor protein on the ribosome.

Exam 14: From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Ribosomes are a collection of _______ that are needed for _______.

Which molecule is used in transcription?

People with alkaptonuria are usually placed on diets limited in tyrosine because

Wild-type strains of a yeast species can grow on a medium of glucose, minerals, and niacin.Many strains that have been subjected to X rays cannot grow on this medium (call it medium Q) unless other substances are added to it.Medium Q is thus a(n) _______ medium.

If a strain of Neurospora is unable to grow on minimal medium but can grow when substance A is added to minimal medium, then

What structure or molecules bring(s) tRNA and mRNA together?

The central dogma of molecular biology states that DNA is transcribed into _______, which is translated into protein

The modified base inosine contributes to

The disease alkaptonuria, which takes its name from the black urine that is a frequent symptom, is caused by an inborn error of metabolism.This symptom arises from the buildup of _______.

Alkaptonuria results from a(n) _______ of _______.

The formation of a peptide bond between an amino acid at the P site and an amino acid at the A site during translation is catalyzed by

A stop codon causes

The _______ of the large ribosomal subunit is/are responsible for _______ during translation.

Researchers treat a human cell line and a plant cell line with a drug that specifically blocks transcription of nuclear genes by an unknown mechanism.This action affects the activity of the semiautonomous organelles mitochondria and chloroplasts because these organelles

In prokaryotes, the region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds most tightly is the

_______ is not required for transcription.

Which event must occur before eukaryotic mRNA is transcribed?

Which statement about nucleic acid hybridization is false?

What are the three processes in posttranscriptional modification that must be completed before transcripts can be translated in eukaryotes?

In eukaryotes, ribosomes become associated with endoplasmic reticulum membranes when

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

Ribosomes are a collection of _ that are needed for _.

Alkaptonuria results from a(n) _ of _.

The _ of the large ribosomal subunit is/are responsible for _ during translation.