Question 1

Which scenario supports Garrod's one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis of metabolic disease causation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The disease PKU is due to the failure to produce a functional variant of an enzyme. 
B)  A blood disease is due to a recessive allele in one of two genes. 
C)  A neurological disease is due to a dominant allele in a single gene. 
D)  Multiple genes contribute to the likelihood that a person will develop coronary heart disease. 
E)  ATCase, which catalyzes the first step in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, is a 12-subunit complex constructed of catalytic and regulatory chains. 
A)  The disease PKU is due to the failure to produce a functional variant of an enzyme. 
B)  A blood disease is due to a recessive allele in one of two genes. 
C)  A neurological disease is due to a dominant allele in a single gene. 
D)  Multiple genes contribute to the likelihood that a person will develop coronary heart disease. 
E)  ATCase, which catalyzes the first step in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, is a 12-subunit complex constructed of catalytic and regulatory chains.

Question 2

Which molecule provides evidence that not all genes code for proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arginine 
B)  Arginase 
C)  RNAse 
D)  tRNA 
E)  DNA polymerase 
A)  Arginine 
B)  Arginase 
C)  RNAse 
D)  tRNA 
E)  DNA polymerase

Question 3

The study of Neurospora mutants grown on various supplemented media supported the hypothesis that

Accepted Answer

A)  arginine is a nonessential amino acid. 
B)  one gene encodes one enzyme. 
C)  genes are "on" chromosomes. 
D)  DNA polymerases allow mutations. 
E)  Neurospora is exceptionally sensitive to X rays. 
A)  arginine is a nonessential amino acid. 
B)  one gene encodes one enzyme. 
C)  genes are "on" chromosomes. 
D)  DNA polymerases allow mutations. 
E)  Neurospora is exceptionally sensitive to X rays.

Question 4

The poly A tail added to pre-mRNA

Accepted Answer

A)  is coded for by DNA. 
B)  increases mRNA stability. 
C)  reduces mRNA stability. 
D)  is attached to its 5ʹ end. 
E)  allows it to be reverse transcribed. 
A)  is coded for by DNA. 
B)  increases mRNA stability. 
C)  reduces mRNA stability. 
D)  is attached to its 5ʹ end. 
E)  allows it to be reverse transcribed.

Question 5

Peptidyl transferase is an

Accepted Answer

A)  enzyme found in the nucleus of the cell that assists in the transfer of mRNA to the cytoplasm. 
B)  enzyme that adds the amino acid to the 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 end of the tRNA. 
C)  enzyme found in the large subunit of the ribosome that catalyzes the formation of the peptide bond in the growing polypeptide. 
D)  RNA molecule that is catalytic. 
E)  Both c and d 
A)  enzyme found in the nucleus of the cell that assists in the transfer of mRNA to the cytoplasm. 
B)  enzyme that adds the amino acid to the 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 end of the tRNA. 
C)  enzyme found in the large subunit of the ribosome that catalyzes the formation of the peptide bond in the growing polypeptide. 
D)  RNA molecule that is catalytic. 
E)  Both c and d

Question 6

The _______ facilitate the transport of processed mRNAs out of the nucleus.

Accepted Answer

A)  transfer RNAs (tRNAs) 
B)  poly A tails 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particles 
E)  RNA polymerases 
A)  transfer RNAs (tRNAs) 
B)  poly A tails 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particles 
E)  RNA polymerases

Question 7

Aside from using T instead of U, the coding strand of DNA is _______ to the mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  identical in sequence 
B)  identical in sequence but antiparallel 
C)  complementary and parallel 
D)  complementary and antiparallel 
E)  in a random order and complementary 
A)  identical in sequence 
B)  identical in sequence but antiparallel 
C)  complementary and parallel 
D)  complementary and antiparallel 
E)  in a random order and complementary

Question 8

Suppose the DNA of a gene contains seven regions, A through G, in that order.Regions A, B, and F are located in exons, while regions C, D, E, and G are located in introns.What is the order of the regions in the mature mRNA transcribed from this sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  CDEG 
B)  ABF 
C)  ABFCDEG 
D)  CDEGABF 
E)  ABCDEFG 
A)  CDEG 
B)  ABF 
C)  ABFCDEG 
D)  CDEGABF 
E)  ABCDEFG

Question 9

The addition of phosphate groups to polypeptide chains following translation is called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The addition of phosphate groups to polypeptide...

Question 10

tRNAs are "charged" by

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNAs. 
B)  amino acids. 
C)  tRNA polymerases. 
D)  proteases. 
E)  aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. 
A)  mRNAs. 
B)  amino acids. 
C)  tRNA polymerases. 
D)  proteases. 
E)  aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.

Question 11

The part of a protein that determines whether translation will continue in the cytosol or at the endoplasmic reticulum is the _______ sequence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The part of a protein that determines...

Question 12

The early crucial step that led Nirenberg and others to break the genetic code was use of

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleic acid hybridization. 
B)  codon bias analysis. 
C)  artificial polynucleotides. 
D)  missense mutations. 
E)  mutagenesis. 
A)  nucleic acid hybridization. 
B)  codon bias analysis. 
C)  artificial polynucleotides. 
D)  missense mutations. 
E)  mutagenesis.

Question 13

The genetic material of the human immunodeficiency virus is RNA.In HIV-infected human cells, the RNA can be copied into a DNA molecule by a process known as

Accepted Answer

A)  reverse translation. 
B)  reverse transcription. 
C)  the central dogma. 
D)  transcription. 
E)  translation. 
A)  reverse translation. 
B)  reverse transcription. 
C)  the central dogma. 
D)  transcription. 
E)  translation.

Question 14

The table shows the biochemical pathway of arginine production and growth of Neurospora under various conditions.     Wild-type Neurospora was treated with X-rays to induce heritable mutations.Treated Neurospora was grown on minimal medium ("no addition" in the table) and minimal medium supplemented with the compounds indicated in the table.Growth is indicated as dry weight of fungal material after 5 days.Here we see the results of three mutated strains that were linked to the metabolic pathway that generates arginine.Without arginine production, Neurospora cannot grow. Considering the biochemical pathway of arginine production, which strain harbors a mutation in the enzyme that converts ornithine to citrulline?

Accepted Answer

A)  34105 
B)  33442 
C)  36703 
D)  Double mutant 
E)  Cannot be determined. 
A)  34105 
B)  33442 
C)  36703 
D)  Double mutant 
E)  Cannot be determined.

Question 15

The translation of mRNA occurs in the _______ of the eukaryotic cell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The translation of mRNA occurs in the...

Question 16

A culture of cells is treated with a protease inhibitor that specifically blocks the activity of proteases in the RER.What effect would this have on proteins that contain the sequence -Pro-Pro-Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys-Val-?

Accepted Answer

A)  The proteins would be directed to the nucleus 
B)  The proteins would be directed to the RER 
C)  The proteins would remain in the cytoplasm 
D)  The proteins would be directed to the Golgi apparatus 
E)  The protein would not be fully translated 
A)  The proteins would be directed to the nucleus 
B)  The proteins would be directed to the RER 
C)  The proteins would remain in the cytoplasm 
D)  The proteins would be directed to the Golgi apparatus 
E)  The protein would not be fully translated

Question 17

An mRNA molecule can be bound by two or more ribosomes simultaneously, thereby producing multiple polypeptide chains at the same time.What term is given to this assemblage of mRNA and ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  A synthesis center 
B)  A polypeptide 
C)  A multisome 
D)  A polysome 
E)  The consensus center 
A)  A synthesis center 
B)  A polypeptide 
C)  A multisome 
D)  A polysome 
E)  The consensus center

Question 18

After translation, some proteins are processed by _______, which is cleavage of the protein to make a shortened, finished protein.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrolysis 
B)  glycosylation 
C)  phosphorylation 
D)  exonuclease digestion 
E)  proteolysis 
A)  hydrolysis 
B)  glycosylation 
C)  phosphorylation 
D)  exonuclease digestion 
E)  proteolysis

Question 19

The anticodon is

Accepted Answer

A)  always present on a tRNA and is located at the 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 end. 
B)  always present on a tRNA and is located in the middle of it. 
C)  always present on a tRNA and is located at the 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 end. 
D)  added to the tRNA by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. 
E)  added to the tRNA by enzymes not yet discovered. 
A)  always present on a tRNA and is located at the 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 end. 
B)  always present on a tRNA and is located in the middle of it. 
C)  always present on a tRNA and is located at the 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 end. 
D)  added to the tRNA by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. 
E)  added to the tRNA by enzymes not yet discovered.

Question 20

In the elongation stage of translation,

Accepted Answer

A)  the message is read in a 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-to-5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 direction. 
B)  the polypeptide chain grows from the C terminus to the N terminus. 
C)  peptidyl transferase activity is catalyzed by a ribosomal protein. 
D)  tRNA is catalytically active. 
E)  rRNA is catalytically active. 
A)  the message is read in a 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-to-5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 direction. 
B)  the polypeptide chain grows from the C terminus to the N terminus. 
C)  peptidyl transferase activity is catalyzed by a ribosomal protein. 
D)  tRNA is catalytically active. 
E)  rRNA is catalytically active.

Exam 14: From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Which scenario supports Garrod's one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis of metabolic disease causation?

Which molecule provides evidence that not all genes code for proteins?

The study of Neurospora mutants grown on various supplemented media supported the hypothesis that

The poly A tail added to pre-mRNA

Peptidyl transferase is an

The _______ facilitate the transport of processed mRNAs out of the nucleus.

Aside from using T instead of U, the coding strand of DNA is _______ to the mRNA.

Suppose the DNA of a gene contains seven regions, A through G, in that order.Regions A, B, and F are located in exons, while regions C, D, E, and G are located in introns.What is the order of the regions in the mature mRNA transcribed from this sequence?

The addition of phosphate groups to polypeptide chains following translation is called _______.

tRNAs are "charged" by

The part of a protein that determines whether translation will continue in the cytosol or at the endoplasmic reticulum is the _______ sequence.

The early crucial step that led Nirenberg and others to break the genetic code was use of

The genetic material of the human immunodeficiency virus is RNA.In HIV-infected human cells, the RNA can be copied into a DNA molecule by a process known as

The translation of mRNA occurs in the _______ of the eukaryotic cell.

A culture of cells is treated with a protease inhibitor that specifically blocks the activity of proteases in the RER.What effect would this have on proteins that contain the sequence -Pro-Pro-Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys-Val-?

An mRNA molecule can be bound by two or more ribosomes simultaneously, thereby producing multiple polypeptide chains at the same time.What term is given to this assemblage of mRNA and ribosomes?

After translation, some proteins are processed by _______, which is cleavage of the protein to make a shortened, finished protein.

The anticodon is

In the elongation stage of translation,

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