Question 1

_______ prevents fat droplets from aggregating, or clumping together, so that the maximum surface area is exposed to lipase action.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ prevents fat droplets from aggregating, or...

Question 2

Organisms living in the lightless interiors of caves often rely on ingesting dead organic matter that washes in from the surface.They can therefore be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  predators. 
B)  omnivores. 
C)  carnivores. 
D)  herbivores. 
E)  detritivores. 
A)  predators. 
B)  omnivores. 
C)  carnivores. 
D)  herbivores. 
E)  detritivores.

Question 3

Most absorption of nutrients in the digestive tract takes place in the

Accepted Answer

A)  stomach. 
B)  small intestine. 
C)  large intestine. 
D)  liver. 
E)  pancreas. 
A)  stomach. 
B)  small intestine. 
C)  large intestine. 
D)  liver. 
E)  pancreas.

Question 4

Which statement about overnutrition is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It occurs when food consumption consistently falls short of energy requirements. 
B)  Fat reserves build up before glycogen stores. 
C)  It is associated with high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart attacks in humans. 
D)  It is not found in wild animals. 
E)  Extra carbohydrates and fats are eventually converted to protein. 
A)  It occurs when food consumption consistently falls short of energy requirements. 
B)  Fat reserves build up before glycogen stores. 
C)  It is associated with high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart attacks in humans. 
D)  It is not found in wild animals. 
E)  Extra carbohydrates and fats are eventually converted to protein.

Question 5

The inactive form of stomach enzymes is activated by

Accepted Answer

A)  enterokinase. 
B)  ATP. 
C)  low pH. 
D)  the appropriate substrate molecule. 
E)  the presence of water. 
A)  enterokinase. 
B)  ATP. 
C)  low pH. 
D)  the appropriate substrate molecule. 
E)  the presence of water.

Question 6

Which type of food is least likely to help a patient who complains of night blindness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fruits 
B)  Vegetables 
C)  Liver 
D)  Dairy products 
E)  Whole grains 
A)  Fruits 
B)  Vegetables 
C)  Liver 
D)  Dairy products 
E)  Whole grains

Question 7

Which statement characterizes the human pancreas?

Accepted Answer

A)  It produces lipases and nucleases but no proteases because proteins are digested in the stomach. 
B)  It contains exocrine cells which release hormones. 
C)  It releases insulin as a zymogen to prevent digestion of the pancreas itself. 
D)  It produces a secretion rich in bicarbonate, which neutralizes the pH of the acidic chyme entering from the stomach. 
E)  It secretes digestive enzymes into the ileum of the small intestine. 
A)  It produces lipases and nucleases but no proteases because proteins are digested in the stomach. 
B)  It contains exocrine cells which release hormones. 
C)  It releases insulin as a zymogen to prevent digestion of the pancreas itself. 
D)  It produces a secretion rich in bicarbonate, which neutralizes the pH of the acidic chyme entering from the stomach. 
E)  It secretes digestive enzymes into the ileum of the small intestine.

Question 8

The hormones _______ and _______ are secreted on the arrival of chyme in the small intestine, and they permit more complete digestion of _______ contents.

Accepted Answer

A)  cholecystokinin; secretin; duodenum 
B)  secretin; gastrin; jejunum 
C)  cholecystokinin; gastrin; stomach 
D)  cholecystokinin; insulin; duodenum 
E)  glucagon; insulin; stomach 
A)  cholecystokinin; secretin; duodenum 
B)  secretin; gastrin; jejunum 
C)  cholecystokinin; gastrin; stomach 
D)  cholecystokinin; insulin; duodenum 
E)  glucagon; insulin; stomach

Question 9

Which statement about amino acids is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animals are unable to make amino acids. 
B)  Essential amino acids are consistent across species. 
C)  Essential amino acids are called "essential" because they are utilized more than other amino acids for building proteins. 
D)  Animals synthesize acetyl groups, which can then be added to amino acids. 
E)  Lack of essential amino acids compromises enzymatic functions. 
A)  Animals are unable to make amino acids. 
B)  Essential amino acids are consistent across species. 
C)  Essential amino acids are called "essential" because they are utilized more than other amino acids for building proteins. 
D)  Animals synthesize acetyl groups, which can then be added to amino acids. 
E)  Lack of essential amino acids compromises enzymatic functions.

Question 10

Nematocysts are an adaptation used by _______ to inject toxin into a victim.

Accepted Answer

A)  jellyfish 
B)  spiders 
C)  snakes 
D)  short-tailed shrews 
E)  pufferfish 
A)  jellyfish 
B)  spiders 
C)  snakes 
D)  short-tailed shrews 
E)  pufferfish

Question 11

Which combination is considered a complementary diet?

Accepted Answer

A)  Corn and rice 
B)  Corn and wheat 
C)  Rice and beans 
D)  Wheat and rice 
E)  Beans and peas 
A)  Corn and rice 
B)  Corn and wheat 
C)  Rice and beans 
D)  Wheat and rice 
E)  Beans and peas

Question 12

Refer to the figure showing a portion of the human stomach.   The part of the stomach shown in the figure does not show

Accepted Answer

A)  pepsinogen-producing cells. 
B)  gastric pits. 
C)  a significant surface area, functioning primarily in absorption. 
D)  gastric mucosa. 
E)  parietal cells producing H+ concentration gradients. 
A)  pepsinogen-producing cells. 
B)  gastric pits. 
C)  a significant surface area, functioning primarily in absorption. 
D)  gastric mucosa. 
E)  parietal cells producing H+ concentration gradients.

Question 13

Which structure is used as a storage chamber for food, but not for grinding food?

Accepted Answer

A)  Radula 
B)  Gizzard 
C)  Crop 
D)  Mandible 
E)  Esophagus 
A)  Radula 
B)  Gizzard 
C)  Crop 
D)  Mandible 
E)  Esophagus

Question 14

Choose the correct pairing of lipoprotein type with its description.

Accepted Answer

A)  Very low-density lipoproteins: higher in people who exercise 
B)  Very low-density lipoproteins: 50% protein, 35% lipids, and 15% cholesterol 
C)  High-density lipoproteins: 25% protein, 25% lipids, and 50% cholesterol 
D)  Low-density lipoproteins: 2% protein, 94% lipids, and 3% cholesterol 
E)  High-density lipoproteins: carry cholesterol from tissues to the liver 
A)  Very low-density lipoproteins: higher in people who exercise 
B)  Very low-density lipoproteins: 50% protein, 35% lipids, and 15% cholesterol 
C)  High-density lipoproteins: 25% protein, 25% lipids, and 50% cholesterol 
D)  Low-density lipoproteins: 2% protein, 94% lipids, and 3% cholesterol 
E)  High-density lipoproteins: carry cholesterol from tissues to the liver

Question 15

Certain amino acids are essential to the diet of animals because they

Accepted Answer

A)  prevent overnourishment. 
B)  are cofactors and coenzymes that are required for normal physiological function. 
C)  cannot be directly synthesized by animals through the transfer of an amino group to an appropriate carbon skeleton. 
D)  are needed to make storable fats for use during hibernation and migration. 
E)  are the most important source of stored energy. 
A)  prevent overnourishment. 
B)  are cofactors and coenzymes that are required for normal physiological function. 
C)  cannot be directly synthesized by animals through the transfer of an amino group to an appropriate carbon skeleton. 
D)  are needed to make storable fats for use during hibernation and migration. 
E)  are the most important source of stored energy.

Question 16

Suppose you have just eaten pizza with a lot of cheese.How will bile assist in the digestion of the fats in this meal?

Accepted Answer

The digestion of fats begins in the smal

Question 17

Which molecules would be directly absorbed by microvilli of the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteins 
B)  Disaccharides 
C)  Nucleic acids 
D)  Fatty acids 
E)  Polysaccharides 
A)  Proteins 
B)  Disaccharides 
C)  Nucleic acids 
D)  Fatty acids 
E)  Polysaccharides

Question 18

Research in recent years has described the existence of a diverse community of heterotrophs in the deepest parts of the ocean.These organisms ingest dead organic matter that falls down from the surface, and therefore can be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  predators. 
B)  omnivores. 
C)  carnivores. 
D)  herbivores. 
E)  detritivores. 
A)  predators. 
B)  omnivores. 
C)  carnivores. 
D)  herbivores. 
E)  detritivores.

Question 19

In the stomach, pepsin activates pepsinogen molecules in a positive feedback process called

Accepted Answer

A)  emulsification. 
B)  absorption. 
C)  autocatalysis. 
D)  rumination. 
E)  excretion. 
A)  emulsification. 
B)  absorption. 
C)  autocatalysis. 
D)  rumination. 
E)  excretion.

Question 20

In an experiment on mice, one group was injected with leptin and a second group was injected with ghrelin.The control group was injected with saline only.Following the injections, the _______-injected group was observed to eat less than the control group.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an experiment on mice, one group...

Exam 50: Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

_______ prevents fat droplets from aggregating, or clumping together, so that the maximum surface area is exposed to lipase action.

Organisms living in the lightless interiors of caves often rely on ingesting dead organic matter that washes in from the surface.They can therefore be described as

Most absorption of nutrients in the digestive tract takes place in the

Which statement about overnutrition is true?

The inactive form of stomach enzymes is activated by

Which type of food is least likely to help a patient who complains of night blindness?

Which statement characterizes the human pancreas?

The hormones _______ and _______ are secreted on the arrival of chyme in the small intestine, and they permit more complete digestion of _______ contents.

Which statement about amino acids is true?

Nematocysts are an adaptation used by _______ to inject toxin into a victim.

Which combination is considered a complementary diet?

Refer to the figure showing a portion of the human stomach. The part of the stomach shown in the figure does not show

Which structure is used as a storage chamber for food, but not for grinding food?

Choose the correct pairing of lipoprotein type with its description.

Certain amino acids are essential to the diet of animals because they

Suppose you have just eaten pizza with a lot of cheese.How will bile assist in the digestion of the fats in this meal?

Which molecules would be directly absorbed by microvilli of the small intestine?

Research in recent years has described the existence of a diverse community of heterotrophs in the deepest parts of the ocean.These organisms ingest dead organic matter that falls down from the surface, and therefore can be described as

In the stomach, pepsin activates pepsinogen molecules in a positive feedback process called

In an experiment on mice, one group was injected with leptin and a second group was injected with ghrelin.The control group was injected with saline only.Following the injections, the _______-injected group was observed to eat less than the control group.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

The hormones ___ and _ are secreted on the arrival of chyme in the small intestine, and they permit more complete digestion of _____ contents.