Question 1

Which feature characterizes the human stomach?

Accepted Answer

A)  It takes about twenty-four hours to empty. 
B)  It contains chyme, which is a fluid mixture of lipases and partly digested food. 
C)  Absorption of alcohol, caffeine, and aspirin occurs only after chyme has left the stomach. 
D)  Smooth muscle contractions cause small amounts of chyme to squirt through the open pyloric sphincter into the small intestine. 
E)  It receives digestive enzymes from the pancreas. 
A)  It takes about twenty-four hours to empty. 
B)  It contains chyme, which is a fluid mixture of lipases and partly digested food. 
C)  Absorption of alcohol, caffeine, and aspirin occurs only after chyme has left the stomach. 
D)  Smooth muscle contractions cause small amounts of chyme to squirt through the open pyloric sphincter into the small intestine. 
E)  It receives digestive enzymes from the pancreas.

Question 2

Primates can eat citrus fruit to prevent scurvy, which is due to a deficiency of

Accepted Answer

A)  niacin. 
B)  thiamin. 
C)  calciferol. 
D)  ascorbic acid. 
E)  biotin. 
A)  niacin. 
B)  thiamin. 
C)  calciferol. 
D)  ascorbic acid. 
E)  biotin.

Question 3

Which statement about energy and metabolic rates is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The basal metabolic rate of adult females is typically higher than that of adult males. 
B)  The rate of energy utilization is measured in watts. 
C)  The metabolic rate of an animal is a measure of the amount of food it eats. 
D)  Sugars provide more energy than do fats. 
E)  Proteins provide more energy than do fats. 
A)  The basal metabolic rate of adult females is typically higher than that of adult males. 
B)  The rate of energy utilization is measured in watts. 
C)  The metabolic rate of an animal is a measure of the amount of food it eats. 
D)  Sugars provide more energy than do fats. 
E)  Proteins provide more energy than do fats.

Question 4

If a person does not produce adequate amounts of bile, they will likely

Accepted Answer

A)  not convert starch to maltose efficiently. 
B)  not break large lipid droplets into micelles. 
C)  revert to autotrophy. 
D)  lose most of the submucosal layer in their intestines. 
E)  develop an infected appendix. 
A)  not convert starch to maltose efficiently. 
B)  not break large lipid droplets into micelles. 
C)  revert to autotrophy. 
D)  lose most of the submucosal layer in their intestines. 
E)  develop an infected appendix.

Question 5

An unusual feature of the vertebrate digestive tract is that it has its own intrinsic _______ system, which coordinates the movement of food through the gut.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An unusual feature of the vertebrate digestive...

Question 6

Which statement characterizes vitamins but not essential amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  They function as coenzymes. 
B)  They are carbon compounds. 
C)  They are required by animals for health. 
D)  They must be obtained from food. 
E)  They are required by animals for growth. 
A)  They function as coenzymes. 
B)  They are carbon compounds. 
C)  They are required by animals for health. 
D)  They must be obtained from food. 
E)  They are required by animals for growth.

Question 7

In addition to serving as an endocrine gland, the pancreas secretes the digestive enzyme precursor _______, which, when activated by enterokinase, becomes an active protease that cleaves other zymogens.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In addition to serving as an endocrine...

Question 8

Which feature characterizes pernicious anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Red blood cells develop prematurely 
B)  Most commonly caused by a lack of vitamin B2 in the diet 
C)  Associated with a peptide called intrinsic factor, which blocks absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine 
D)  Associated with a strict vegetarian diet, such as one without dairy or over-the-counter vitamins 
E)  Can be caused by an inability to absorb vitamin K 
A)  Red blood cells develop prematurely 
B)  Most commonly caused by a lack of vitamin B2 in the diet 
C)  Associated with a peptide called intrinsic factor, which blocks absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine 
D)  Associated with a strict vegetarian diet, such as one without dairy or over-the-counter vitamins 
E)  Can be caused by an inability to absorb vitamin K

Question 9

Which tissue does not switch fuel sources from glucose to fatty acids during the postabsorptive state?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neural 
B)  Skeletal muscle 
C)  Cardiac muscle 
D)  Adipose 
E)  Epithelial 
A)  Neural 
B)  Skeletal muscle 
C)  Cardiac muscle 
D)  Adipose 
E)  Epithelial

Question 10

Which feature characterizes ruminants?

Accepted Answer

A)  The breakdown of cellulose by microorganisms in the colon 
B)  Periodic regurgitation of omasum contents for additional bouts of chewing and swallowing 
C)  Water absorption in the omasum concentrates the mixture of microorganisms and partially digested food 
D)  A large, two-chambered stomach 
E)  HCl secreted by the rumen kills the endosymbiotic microorganisms, which are subsequently digested 
A)  The breakdown of cellulose by microorganisms in the colon 
B)  Periodic regurgitation of omasum contents for additional bouts of chewing and swallowing 
C)  Water absorption in the omasum concentrates the mixture of microorganisms and partially digested food 
D)  A large, two-chambered stomach 
E)  HCl secreted by the rumen kills the endosymbiotic microorganisms, which are subsequently digested

Question 11

Refer to the figure showing the active transport of H+ ions in the stomach.   Based on the figure, one can conclude that the pH of the parietal cell is _______ than the pH of the fluid in the lumen of the gastric pit.

Accepted Answer

Question 12

Which protease is produced by the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dipeptidase 
B)  Chymotrypsin 
C)  Trypsin 
D)  Carboxypeptidase 
E)  Pepsin 
A)  Dipeptidase 
B)  Chymotrypsin 
C)  Trypsin 
D)  Carboxypeptidase 
E)  Pepsin

Question 13

Ruminant animals, such as goats and cows,

Accepted Answer

A)  secrete stomach enzymes that break down cellulose. 
B)  practice coprophagy. 
C)  have a four-chambered stomach that provides a large surface area for nutrient absorption. 
D)  have a stomach whose structure indicates it functions best on a high corn diet. 
E)  get much of their protein from the digestion of microorganisms. 
A)  secrete stomach enzymes that break down cellulose. 
B)  practice coprophagy. 
C)  have a four-chambered stomach that provides a large surface area for nutrient absorption. 
D)  have a stomach whose structure indicates it functions best on a high corn diet. 
E)  get much of their protein from the digestion of microorganisms.

Question 14

Blood leaving the small intestine carries nutrients and flows to the _______ via the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  large intestine; portal vein 
B)  liver; thoracic duct 
C)  lymphatic system; thoracic duct 
D)  liver; hepatic portal vein 
E)  heart; inferior vena cava 
A)  large intestine; portal vein 
B)  liver; thoracic duct 
C)  lymphatic system; thoracic duct 
D)  liver; hepatic portal vein 
E)  heart; inferior vena cava

Question 15

Which statement about gastrin is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is activated by low pH. 
B)  It stimulates secretion of HCl. 
C)  It reduces secretion of digestive juices in the stomach. 
D)  It slows motility in the stomach. 
E)  It is secreted in the upper part of the stomach. 
A)  It is activated by low pH. 
B)  It stimulates secretion of HCl. 
C)  It reduces secretion of digestive juices in the stomach. 
D)  It slows motility in the stomach. 
E)  It is secreted in the upper part of the stomach.

Question 16

Which teeth are considered cheek teeth, used for shearing and grinding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Canines 
B)  Premolars only 
C)  Incisors 
D)  Molars only 
E)  Premolars and molars 
A)  Canines 
B)  Premolars only 
C)  Incisors 
D)  Molars only 
E)  Premolars and molars

Question 17

_______ use energy from the sun or inorganic chemical reactions to produce complex organic compounds.

Accepted Answer

A)  Heterotrophs 
B)  Autotrophs 
C)  Herbivores 
D)  Carnivores 
E)  Omnivores 
A)  Heterotrophs 
B)  Autotrophs 
C)  Herbivores 
D)  Carnivores 
E)  Omnivores

Question 18

Which feature characterizes the peritoneum of the vertebrate gut?

Accepted Answer

A)  It lines the gut lumen. 
B)  It is absent from the walls of the abdominal cavity. 
C)  It secretes a lubricating fluid. 
D)  It includes smooth muscle and epithelial tissues. 
E)  It lines the absorptive surfaces of the gut. 
A)  It lines the gut lumen. 
B)  It is absent from the walls of the abdominal cavity. 
C)  It secretes a lubricating fluid. 
D)  It includes smooth muscle and epithelial tissues. 
E)  It lines the absorptive surfaces of the gut.

Question 19

Which statement about leptin is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a lipid. 
B)  It is a circulating hormone produced by the liver. 
C)  Its release is a satiety signal. 
D)  It rises before a meal. 
E)  It provides feedback to fat cells about fat reserves. 
A)  It is a lipid. 
B)  It is a circulating hormone produced by the liver. 
C)  Its release is a satiety signal. 
D)  It rises before a meal. 
E)  It provides feedback to fat cells about fat reserves.

Question 20

Refer to the figure showing the digestive systems of an earthworm and a cockroach.   Which component of the digestive system is found in only one of the organisms in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mandibles 
B)  Esophagus 
C)  Crop 
D)  Gizzard 
E)  Anus 
A)  Mandibles 
B)  Esophagus 
C)  Crop 
D)  Gizzard 
E)  Anus

Exam 50: Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Which feature characterizes the human stomach?

Primates can eat citrus fruit to prevent scurvy, which is due to a deficiency of

Which statement about energy and metabolic rates is true?

If a person does not produce adequate amounts of bile, they will likely

An unusual feature of the vertebrate digestive tract is that it has its own intrinsic _______ system, which coordinates the movement of food through the gut.

Which statement characterizes vitamins but not essential amino acids?

In addition to serving as an endocrine gland, the pancreas secretes the digestive enzyme precursor _______, which, when activated by enterokinase, becomes an active protease that cleaves other zymogens.

Which feature characterizes pernicious anemia?

Which tissue does not switch fuel sources from glucose to fatty acids during the postabsorptive state?

Which feature characterizes ruminants?

Refer to the figure showing the active transport of H+ ions in the stomach. Based on the figure, one can conclude that the pH of the parietal cell is _______ than the pH of the fluid in the lumen of the gastric pit.

Which protease is produced by the small intestine?

Ruminant animals, such as goats and cows,

Blood leaving the small intestine carries nutrients and flows to the _______ via the _______.

Which statement about gastrin is true?

Which teeth are considered cheek teeth, used for shearing and grinding?

_______ use energy from the sun or inorganic chemical reactions to produce complex organic compounds.

Which feature characterizes the peritoneum of the vertebrate gut?

Which statement about leptin is true?

Refer to the figure showing the digestive systems of an earthworm and a cockroach. Which component of the digestive system is found in only one of the organisms in the figure?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

Refer to the figure showing the active transport of H⁺ ions in the stomach. Based on the figure, one can conclude that the pH of the parietal cell is _______ than the pH of the fluid in the lumen of the gastric pit.

Blood leaving the small intestine carries nutrients and flows to the _ via the _.