Question 1

DNA sequencing is most like the natural process of

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA replication. 
B)  DNA repair. 
C)  protein synthesis. 
D)  reverse transcription. 
E)  alternative splicing. 
A)  DNA replication. 
B)  DNA repair. 
C)  protein synthesis. 
D)  reverse transcription. 
E)  alternative splicing.

Question 2

Biologists are attempting to develop a small wasp called Nasonia vitripennis into a model system.Which characteristic would most likely limit this wasp's use as a model system for genomic studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has a large number of genetic markers and genetic tools. 
B)  It has a short generation time. 
C)  It is easily reared in the lab. 
D)  Its small size permits large numbers of the wasp to fit in a small space. 
E)  Its biology is rather unusual, and not indicative of many other species. 
A)  It has a large number of genetic markers and genetic tools. 
B)  It has a short generation time. 
C)  It is easily reared in the lab. 
D)  Its small size permits large numbers of the wasp to fit in a small space. 
E)  Its biology is rather unusual, and not indicative of many other species.

Question 3

In the context of metabolomics, glucose, as a substrate for glycolysis, would be considered a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  haplotype. 
B)  primary metabolite. 
C)  secondary metabolite. 
D)  tertiary metabolite. 
E)  antibiotic made by microbes. 
A)  haplotype. 
B)  primary metabolite. 
C)  secondary metabolite. 
D)  tertiary metabolite. 
E)  antibiotic made by microbes.

Question 4

Succinate is a chemical involved in the Krebs cycle in the generation of energy.It is thus a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  primary metabolite. 
B)  secondary metabolite. 
C)  haplotype. 
D)  proteome. 
E)  enzyme. 
A)  primary metabolite. 
B)  secondary metabolite. 
C)  haplotype. 
D)  proteome. 
E)  enzyme.

Question 5

What is the most likely explanation for the abundance of transposons in eukaryotic genomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are needed to provide mutations. 
B)  They are genomic parasites. 
C)  They are needed to increase genetic recombination. 
D)  They assist in the process of DNA repair. 
E)  They provide reverse transcriptase. 
A)  They are needed to provide mutations. 
B)  They are genomic parasites. 
C)  They are needed to increase genetic recombination. 
D)  They assist in the process of DNA repair. 
E)  They provide reverse transcriptase.

Question 6

Refer to the table showing the properties of five different genomes.   Which genome is most likely eukaryotic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genome A 
B)  Genome B 
C)  Genome C 
D)  Genome D 
E)  Genome E 
A)  Genome A 
B)  Genome B 
C)  Genome C 
D)  Genome D 
E)  Genome E

Question 7

Which sequence type will not be included in an open reading frame?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intron consensus sequences 
B)  A start codon 
C)  A stop codon 
D)  Regulatory sequences 
E)  Coding regions of genes 
A)  Intron consensus sequences 
B)  A start codon 
C)  A stop codon 
D)  Regulatory sequences 
E)  Coding regions of genes

Question 8

Which type of sequence is likely to be found in a eukaryotic genome but not in a prokaryotic genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Regulatory sequences 
B)  Coding sequences 
C)  Open reading frames 
D)  RNA genes 
E)  Telomeric sequences 
A)  Regulatory sequences 
B)  Coding sequences 
C)  Open reading frames 
D)  RNA genes 
E)  Telomeric sequences

Question 9

Refer to the table showing a hypothetical data set comparing the gene content of strains of Salmonella and Shigella (which are all pathogenic) and pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of E.coli.(Note: "x" denotes presence of the gene.)   What is the most likely conclusion about gene A?

Accepted Answer

A)  It may be involved in pathogenicity and was acquired from Salmonella strain 1. 
B)  It may be involved in pathogenicity and was acquired from Salmonella strain 2. 
C)  It may be involved in pathogenicity and was acquired from Shigella. 
D)  It may be involved in pathogenicity, and its origin is unclear. 
E)  It is unlikely to be involved in pathogenicity. 
A)  It may be involved in pathogenicity and was acquired from Salmonella strain 1. 
B)  It may be involved in pathogenicity and was acquired from Salmonella strain 2. 
C)  It may be involved in pathogenicity and was acquired from Shigella. 
D)  It may be involved in pathogenicity, and its origin is unclear. 
E)  It is unlikely to be involved in pathogenicity.

Question 10

Refer to the figure showing the use of transposons as mutagens in Mycoplasma genitalium.   Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gene A is essential, because there was growth when gene A was mutagenized. 
B)  Gene A is not essential, because there was growth when gene A was mutagenized. 
C)  Gene A is not essential, because there was no growth when gene A was mutagenized. 
D)  Gene A is essential, because there was no growth when gene A was mutagenized. 
E)  Whether gene A is essential or not depends on gene B. 
A)  Gene A is essential, because there was growth when gene A was mutagenized. 
B)  Gene A is not essential, because there was growth when gene A was mutagenized. 
C)  Gene A is not essential, because there was no growth when gene A was mutagenized. 
D)  Gene A is essential, because there was no growth when gene A was mutagenized. 
E)  Whether gene A is essential or not depends on gene B.

Question 11

Comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, which statement is generally correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prokaryotes have more introns. 
B)  Eukaryotes have a greater percentage of protein-coding DNA. 
C)  Eukaryotes have more regulatory sequences. 
D)  Prokaryotes have larger genomes. 
E)  Prokaryotes have more chromosomes. 
A)  Prokaryotes have more introns. 
B)  Eukaryotes have a greater percentage of protein-coding DNA. 
C)  Eukaryotes have more regulatory sequences. 
D)  Prokaryotes have larger genomes. 
E)  Prokaryotes have more chromosomes.

Question 12

If someone wanted to reduce the need for nitrogen fertilizer for legume production, which bacterium would be the best one to apply?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycoplasma 
B)  Rhizobium 
C)  Methylococcus 
D)  Haemophilus 
E)  Legobacteria 
A)  Mycoplasma 
B)  Rhizobium 
C)  Methylococcus 
D)  Haemophilus 
E)  Legobacteria

Question 13

A universal adapter used in a sequencing run starts 5′-TCATAGT.What would be the sequence of the corresponding universal primer? (Note: "…" represents many nucleotides.)

Accepted Answer

A)  5′-TCATAGT…-3' 
B)  5′-ACATAGT…-3' 
C)  5′-…AGTATCA-3' 
D)  5′-…AGUAUCA-3' 
E)  5′-AGTTAGT…-3' 
A)  5′-TCATAGT…-3' 
B)  5′-ACATAGT…-3' 
C)  5′-…AGTATCA-3' 
D)  5′-…AGUAUCA-3' 
E)  5′-AGTTAGT…-3'

Question 14

An organism has a genome that is 4.7 million bp long, with only 12 percent noncoding sequence.It lacks introns completely, even in the tRNA genes.This organism is most likely a

Accepted Answer

A)  prokaryotic bacterium. 
B)  eukaryotic bacterium. 
C)  prokaryotic archean. 
D)  eukaryotic archean. 
E)  eukaryotic yeast. 
A)  prokaryotic bacterium. 
B)  eukaryotic bacterium. 
C)  prokaryotic archean. 
D)  eukaryotic archean. 
E)  eukaryotic yeast.

Question 15

High-performance liquid chromatography is most closely associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA sequencing as developed in the 1970s. 
B)  high-throughput methods of DNA sequencing. 
C)  analysis of the proteome. 
D)  analysis of the metabolome. 
E)  haplotype mapping. 
A)  DNA sequencing as developed in the 1970s. 
B)  high-throughput methods of DNA sequencing. 
C)  analysis of the proteome. 
D)  analysis of the metabolome. 
E)  haplotype mapping.

Question 16

Which statement about pseudogenes is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  There must be more functional genes than pseudogenes in a gene family. 
B)  Pseudogenes generally look very different from functional genes. 
C)  Pseudogenes usually arise from gain-of-function mutations. 
D)  In some gene families, there appears to be little selection pressure for the deletion of pseudogenes. These families have few pseudogenes. 
E)  In some gene families, there appears to be little selection pressure for the deletion of pseudogenes. These families can have many pseudogenes. 
A)  There must be more functional genes than pseudogenes in a gene family. 
B)  Pseudogenes generally look very different from functional genes. 
C)  Pseudogenes usually arise from gain-of-function mutations. 
D)  In some gene families, there appears to be little selection pressure for the deletion of pseudogenes. These families have few pseudogenes. 
E)  In some gene families, there appears to be little selection pressure for the deletion of pseudogenes. These families can have many pseudogenes.

Question 17

If the universal adapter used in DNA synthesis is 5′-GTCAAGT… GTATC-3′, with "..." representing many nucleotides, the universal primer is _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the universal adapter used in DNA...

Question 18

Which case best fits the description of functional genomics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Collecting sequence data of bacteria from various soil samples to examine how the presence of nematodes affects bacterial diversity 
B)  Collecting sequence data of the microbiome from the stools of people with irritable bowel syndrome and healthy controls 
C)  Examining the sequences of bacteria that live inside aphids compared with free-living bacteria 
D)  Examining the genomes of domesticated animals compared with their nondomesticated relatives to look for genomic signatures of domestication 
E)  Examining which sequences in genomes are involved in regulation of transcriptional activity 
A)  Collecting sequence data of bacteria from various soil samples to examine how the presence of nematodes affects bacterial diversity 
B)  Collecting sequence data of the microbiome from the stools of people with irritable bowel syndrome and healthy controls 
C)  Examining the sequences of bacteria that live inside aphids compared with free-living bacteria 
D)  Examining the genomes of domesticated animals compared with their nondomesticated relatives to look for genomic signatures of domestication 
E)  Examining which sequences in genomes are involved in regulation of transcriptional activity

Question 19

You are told that a genome is about 10 million bp long, has 5,000 genes, has introns, and that 65 percent of its sequence is coding sequence.This genome most likely belongs to a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  virus. 
B)  bacterium. 
C)  yeast. 
D)  plant. 
E)  animal. 
A)  virus. 
B)  bacterium. 
C)  yeast. 
D)  plant. 
E)  animal.

Question 20

It is the year 2025.You are taking care of a patient who is concerned about having an early stage of kidney cancer.His mother died from this disease.If the patient was diagnosed with cancer using SNP analysis and metabolomics, how would you use pharmacogenomics to choose the right medications to treat the tumor in this patient?

Accepted Answer

For possible drugs involved in kidney ca

Exam 17: Genomes

DNA sequencing is most like the natural process of

Biologists are attempting to develop a small wasp called Nasonia vitripennis into a model system.Which characteristic would most likely limit this wasp's use as a model system for genomic studies?

In the context of metabolomics, glucose, as a substrate for glycolysis, would be considered a(n)

Succinate is a chemical involved in the Krebs cycle in the generation of energy.It is thus a(n)

What is the most likely explanation for the abundance of transposons in eukaryotic genomes?

Refer to the table showing the properties of five different genomes. Which genome is most likely eukaryotic?

Which sequence type will not be included in an open reading frame?

Which type of sequence is likely to be found in a eukaryotic genome but not in a prokaryotic genome?

Refer to the table showing a hypothetical data set comparing the gene content of strains of Salmonella and Shigella (which are all pathogenic) and pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of E.coli.(Note: "x" denotes presence of the gene.) What is the most likely conclusion about gene A?

Refer to the figure showing the use of transposons as mutagens in Mycoplasma genitalium. Which statement is true?

Comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, which statement is generally correct?

If someone wanted to reduce the need for nitrogen fertilizer for legume production, which bacterium would be the best one to apply?

A universal adapter used in a sequencing run starts 5′-TCATAGT.What would be the sequence of the corresponding universal primer? (Note: "…" represents many nucleotides.)

An organism has a genome that is 4.7 million bp long, with only 12 percent noncoding sequence.It lacks introns completely, even in the tRNA genes.This organism is most likely a

High-performance liquid chromatography is most closely associated with

Which statement about pseudogenes is true?

If the universal adapter used in DNA synthesis is 5′-GTCAAGT… GTATC-3′, with "..." representing many nucleotides, the universal primer is _______.

Which case best fits the description of functional genomics?

You are told that a genome is about 10 million bp long, has 5,000 genes, has introns, and that 65 percent of its sequence is coding sequence.This genome most likely belongs to a(n)

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