Question 1

Which study is best characterized as one of comparative genomics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Researchers investigating the relative frequencies of different transposable elements in a grasshopper species 
B)  Researchers investigating the relationship between the number of transposable elements and development time across different species of flies 
C)  Researchers attempting to find the regulatory sequences of a cell-signaling gene in a yeast species 
D)  Researchers using sequencing to assess the diversity of fungi in a soil sample 
E)  Researchers using sequencing to compare the diversity of bacteria across different parts of a stream 
A)  Researchers investigating the relative frequencies of different transposable elements in a grasshopper species 
B)  Researchers investigating the relationship between the number of transposable elements and development time across different species of flies 
C)  Researchers attempting to find the regulatory sequences of a cell-signaling gene in a yeast species 
D)  Researchers using sequencing to assess the diversity of fungi in a soil sample 
E)  Researchers using sequencing to compare the diversity of bacteria across different parts of a stream

Question 2

Which statement about DNA sequencing is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The method developed by Sanger in the 1970s involved chemical modifications of bases. 
B)  The method developed by Sanger in the 1970s involved breaking up the DNA molecule into numerous small fragments. 
C)  High-throughput methods involve starting at one end of the chromosome and simply sequencing the DNA molecule one nucleotide at a time. 
D)  High-throughput methods rely on miniaturization techniques first developed for the electronics industry. 
E)  High-throughput sequencing is generally faster than Sanger sequencing. 
A)  The method developed by Sanger in the 1970s involved chemical modifications of bases. 
B)  The method developed by Sanger in the 1970s involved breaking up the DNA molecule into numerous small fragments. 
C)  High-throughput methods involve starting at one end of the chromosome and simply sequencing the DNA molecule one nucleotide at a time. 
D)  High-throughput methods rely on miniaturization techniques first developed for the electronics industry. 
E)  High-throughput sequencing is generally faster than Sanger sequencing.

Question 3

Five prokaryote species (labeled A-E) have been sequenced.Refer to the table with the findings of the genes they contain.(Note: "x" denotes the species possessing a functional copy of the gene.) Gene 1 is essential for the synthesis of several amino acids.Gene 2 encodes a protein involved in strengthening the cell wall.Gene 3 produces an enzyme that breaks down methane.The functions of the other four genes are currently unknown.   Based on these data, gene _______ is most likely to be included in the minimal genome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Five prokaryote species (labeled A-E) have been...

Question 4

Which ranking correctly orders the concepts, from the one most closely related to phenotypic characteristics to the one most distantly related to phenotypic characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genome, proteome, metabolome 
B)  Genome, metabolome, proteome 
C)  Proteome, metabolome, genome 
D)  Proteome, genome, metabolome 
E)  Metabolome, proteome, genome 
A)  Genome, proteome, metabolome 
B)  Genome, metabolome, proteome 
C)  Proteome, metabolome, genome 
D)  Proteome, genome, metabolome 
E)  Metabolome, proteome, genome

Question 5

For the DNA sequence that begins 5′-GTCATAG…, the complement is _______.(Label the polarity accordingly.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of For the DNA sequence that begins 5′-GTCATAG…,...

Question 6

Which technique is least likely to be associated with metagenomics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacterial culture techniques 
B)  High-throughput sequencing 
C)  Comparative genomics 
D)  PCR 
E)  Sampling from the field 
A)  Bacterial culture techniques 
B)  High-throughput sequencing 
C)  Comparative genomics 
D)  PCR 
E)  Sampling from the field

Question 7

An enzyme is required to convert the inactive form of a drug into the active form.A completely dominant change from the G to the C allele increases activity of the enzyme.Too much of the active form of the drug can lead to tremors.Too little of the active form of the drug renders it ineffective.Which scenario is most likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals with the GC genotype are more likely to have tremors from the drug than those with CC. 
B)  Individuals with the GC genotype are more likely to have tremors from the drug than those with GG. 
C)  The drug is more likely to be ineffective in individuals with the GC genotype than in those with GG. 
D)  The drug is more likely to be just as effective in individuals with the GC genotype as in those with CC. 
E)  The drug is less likely to be ineffective in individuals with the GG genotype than those with GC. 
A)  Individuals with the GC genotype are more likely to have tremors from the drug than those with CC. 
B)  Individuals with the GC genotype are more likely to have tremors from the drug than those with GG. 
C)  The drug is more likely to be ineffective in individuals with the GC genotype than in those with GG. 
D)  The drug is more likely to be just as effective in individuals with the GC genotype as in those with CC. 
E)  The drug is less likely to be ineffective in individuals with the GG genotype than those with GC.

Question 8

A genome is about 1.83 million bp long, it has 1,738 genes, and 99 percent of its sequence is coding sequence.This genome most likely belongs to a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  virus. 
B)  bacterium. 
C)  yeast. 
D)  plant. 
E)  animal. 
A)  virus. 
B)  bacterium. 
C)  yeast. 
D)  plant. 
E)  animal.

Question 9

Which is required for the formation of gene families?

Accepted Answer

A)  Repetitive DNA 
B)  Pseudogenes 
C)  Transposable elements 
D)  Regulatory sequences 
E)  Gene duplication 
A)  Repetitive DNA 
B)  Pseudogenes 
C)  Transposable elements 
D)  Regulatory sequences 
E)  Gene duplication

Question 10

Because they are usually more sedentary than animals, plants generally require more

Accepted Answer

A)  gene duplications. 
B)  genes related to cell-cell communication. 
C)  genes involved in defense against natural enemies. 
D)  genes involved in photosynthesis. 
E)  noncoding DNA. 
A)  gene duplications. 
B)  genes related to cell-cell communication. 
C)  genes involved in defense against natural enemies. 
D)  genes involved in photosynthesis. 
E)  noncoding DNA.

Question 11

Which chemical or substance is an example of a secondary metabolite?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tannin produced by oak trees to protect them against herbivores 
B)  The enzyme phosphofructokinase used in glycolysis 
C)  Hemoglobin used to carry oxygen in the blood 
D)  Pyrogen produced by the body to induce a fever 
E)  Testosterone produced in males 
A)  Tannin produced by oak trees to protect them against herbivores 
B)  The enzyme phosphofructokinase used in glycolysis 
C)  Hemoglobin used to carry oxygen in the blood 
D)  Pyrogen produced by the body to induce a fever 
E)  Testosterone produced in males

Question 12

The Denisovans are an extinct species of human that lived in Siberia several tens of thousands of years ago.We now have sequence information from these Denisovans.One could make the inference that Denisovans had red hair if their variant of the MC1R protein had _______ (higher/lower) activity than that of the typical human.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Denisovans are an extinct species of...

Question 13

Refer to the table showing various sequenced genomes   With respect to just the part of the genome that codes for proteins, the human coding genome is about _______ times larger than the Drosophila coding genome.

Accepted Answer

A)  1.5 
B)  2 
C)  5 
D)  10 
E)  20 
A)  1.5 
B)  2 
C)  5 
D)  10 
E)  20

Question 14

When studying Haemophilus influenzae, which of its properties would be most useful to know in determining whether a strain is infectious or not?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its genome size, because strains with much larger genomes are more likely to be infectious 
B)  Its genome size, because strains with much smaller genomes are more likely to be infectious 
C)  Surface proteins, because strains with surface proteins are more likely to be infectious 
D)  Surface proteins, because strains without surface proteins are more likely to be infectious 
E)  Plasmids, because strains with plasmids are more likely to be infectious 
A)  Its genome size, because strains with much larger genomes are more likely to be infectious 
B)  Its genome size, because strains with much smaller genomes are more likely to be infectious 
C)  Surface proteins, because strains with surface proteins are more likely to be infectious 
D)  Surface proteins, because strains without surface proteins are more likely to be infectious 
E)  Plasmids, because strains with plasmids are more likely to be infectious

Question 15

Refer to the table showing several prokaryote (bacterial) species (labeled A-E) that have been sequenced, along with the findings of the genes they contain.(Note: "x" marks the species possessing a functional copy of the gene.) Gene 1 is essential for the synthesis of several amino acids.Gene 2 encodes a protein involved in strengthening the cell wall.Gene 3 produces an enzyme that breaks down methane.The functions of the other five genes are currently unknown.   Which species would most likely have difficulty growing on a growth medium composed simply of a sugar as a carbon source?

Accepted Answer

A)  Species A 
B)  Species B 
C)  Species C 
D)  Species D 
E)  Species E 
A)  Species A 
B)  Species B 
C)  Species C 
D)  Species D 
E)  Species E

Question 16

A strand of DNA reads 5′-GTCT…ATGC-3′, with "…" representing many nucleotides.What is its complement?

Accepted Answer

A)  3′-GTCT…ATGC-5′ 
B)  3′-CAGA…TACG-5′ 
C)  3′-CAGA…UACG-5′ 
D)  5′-GUCT…AUGC-3′ 
E)  5′-CAGT…TACG-3′ 
A)  3′-GTCT…ATGC-5′ 
B)  3′-CAGA…TACG-5′ 
C)  3′-CAGA…UACG-5′ 
D)  5′-GUCT…AUGC-3′ 
E)  5′-CAGT…TACG-3′

Question 17

A DNA sequence motif is often found near open reading frames and contains consensus sequences for binding sites of transcription factors.Most likely, this sequence is

Accepted Answer

A)  telomeric. 
B)  centromeric. 
C)  a regulatory sequence. 
D)  a tRNA gene. 
E)  an rRNA gene. 
A)  telomeric. 
B)  centromeric. 
C)  a regulatory sequence. 
D)  a tRNA gene. 
E)  an rRNA gene.

Question 18

A stretch of one strand of a DNA fragment is 5′-GTCATCGTACT-3′.What is the complementary strand?

Accepted Answer

A)  5′-GTCATCGTACT-3′ 
B)  3′-GTCATCGTACT-5′ 
C)  5′-CAGTAGCATGA-3′ 
D)  3′-CAGTAGCATGA-5′ 
E)  5′-GTCAGACTACA-3′ 
A)  5′-GTCATCGTACT-3′ 
B)  3′-GTCATCGTACT-5′ 
C)  5′-CAGTAGCATGA-3′ 
D)  3′-CAGTAGCATGA-5′ 
E)  5′-GTCAGACTACA-3′

Question 19

What is the most likely difference between the genomes of Drosophila and Caenorhabditis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Caenorhabditis should have more genes devoted to metamorphosis than Drosophila. 
B)  Caenorhabditis should have fewer genes devoted to metamorphosis than Drosophila. 
C)  Caenorhabditis should have more genes devoted to DNA replication than Drosophila. 
D)  Caenorhabditis should have fewer genes devoted to DNA replication than Drosophila. 
E)  Caenorhabditis should have more genes devoted to general metabolism than Drosophila. 
A)  Caenorhabditis should have more genes devoted to metamorphosis than Drosophila. 
B)  Caenorhabditis should have fewer genes devoted to metamorphosis than Drosophila. 
C)  Caenorhabditis should have more genes devoted to DNA replication than Drosophila. 
D)  Caenorhabditis should have fewer genes devoted to DNA replication than Drosophila. 
E)  Caenorhabditis should have more genes devoted to general metabolism than Drosophila.

Question 20

What is the primary disadvantage of Sanger sequencing?

Accepted Answer

A)  It requires automation. 
B)  It can only be done on eukaryotic DNA. 
C)  It can only be done on prokaryotic DNA. 
D)  It is a slow, laborious procedure. 
E)  It requires sequencing both complementary strands. 
A)  It requires automation. 
B)  It can only be done on eukaryotic DNA. 
C)  It can only be done on prokaryotic DNA. 
D)  It is a slow, laborious procedure. 
E)  It requires sequencing both complementary strands.

Exam 17: Genomes

Which study is best characterized as one of comparative genomics?

Which statement about DNA sequencing is false?

Which ranking correctly orders the concepts, from the one most closely related to phenotypic characteristics to the one most distantly related to phenotypic characteristics?

For the DNA sequence that begins 5′-GTCATAG…, the complement is _______.(Label the polarity accordingly.)

Which technique is least likely to be associated with metagenomics?

A genome is about 1.83 million bp long, it has 1,738 genes, and 99 percent of its sequence is coding sequence.This genome most likely belongs to a(n)

Which is required for the formation of gene families?

Because they are usually more sedentary than animals, plants generally require more

Which chemical or substance is an example of a secondary metabolite?

Refer to the table showing various sequenced genomes With respect to just the part of the genome that codes for proteins, the human coding genome is about _______ times larger than the Drosophila coding genome.

When studying Haemophilus influenzae, which of its properties would be most useful to know in determining whether a strain is infectious or not?

A strand of DNA reads 5′-GTCT…ATGC-3′, with "…" representing many nucleotides.What is its complement?

A DNA sequence motif is often found near open reading frames and contains consensus sequences for binding sites of transcription factors.Most likely, this sequence is

A stretch of one strand of a DNA fragment is 5′-GTCATCGTACT-3′.What is the complementary strand?

What is the most likely difference between the genomes of Drosophila and Caenorhabditis?

What is the primary disadvantage of Sanger sequencing?

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