Question 1

Pathogens can be walled off during the hypersensitive response by the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  isolation. 
B)  programmed cell death. 
C)  senescence. 
D)  systemic acquired resistance. 
E)  Avr release. 
A)  isolation. 
B)  programmed cell death. 
C)  senescence. 
D)  systemic acquired resistance. 
E)  Avr release.

Question 2

When a plant responds to a pathogen by turning on the hypersensitive response, what is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased root production 
B)  Plant death 
C)  Leaf shedding 
D)  Necrotic lesions 
E)  Phagocytosis 
A)  Increased root production 
B)  Plant death 
C)  Leaf shedding 
D)  Necrotic lesions 
E)  Phagocytosis

Question 3

Which statement about compounds that plants make to ward off predators and infection is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They may be produced in response to infection. 
B)  They are usually injurious to the plant. 
C)  They are sequestered in chloroplasts. 
D)  They are released only in response to herbivore damage. 
E)  They do not include proteins. 
A)  They may be produced in response to infection. 
B)  They are usually injurious to the plant. 
C)  They are sequestered in chloroplasts. 
D)  They are released only in response to herbivore damage. 
E)  They do not include proteins.

Question 4

Xerophyte plants with fleshy, water-storing leaves are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Xerophyte plants with fleshy, water-storing leaves are...

Question 5

Refer to the figure, showing a micrograph of a stomatal crypt.   Trichomes are small hairs lining the stomata of some plants, such as this one.Which description does not reflect a possible role of trichomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They may serve as a structural defense against some herbivores. 
B)  They help the plant to sequester and remove salt ions. 
C)  They slow air currents to trap moist air. 
D)  They reduce water loss in an arid environment. 
E)  They may diffuse bright sunlight, protecting the leaf from its intensity. 
A)  They may serve as a structural defense against some herbivores. 
B)  They help the plant to sequester and remove salt ions. 
C)  They slow air currents to trap moist air. 
D)  They reduce water loss in an arid environment. 
E)  They may diffuse bright sunlight, protecting the leaf from its intensity.

Question 6

Pathogens employ _______ genes that code for molecules called elicitors.

Accepted Answer

A)  phytoalexin 
B)  hypersensitive-response 
C)  extensin 
D)  lignin 
E)  Avr 
A)  phytoalexin 
B)  hypersensitive-response 
C)  extensin 
D)  lignin 
E)  Avr

Question 7

Chaperonins are especially important in plants subjected to

Accepted Answer

A)  drought. 
B)  flooding. 
C)  high temperature. 
D)  salinity. 
E)  wind. 
A)  drought. 
B)  flooding. 
C)  high temperature. 
D)  salinity. 
E)  wind.

Question 8

Which stressor causes high concentrations of abscisic acid to travel from the roots to the shoot?

Accepted Answer

A)  Drought 
B)  Flooding 
C)  High temperature 
D)  Salinity 
E)  Heavy metal toxicity 
A)  Drought 
B)  Flooding 
C)  High temperature 
D)  Salinity 
E)  Heavy metal toxicity

Question 9

Some plants survive desert conditions by carrying out their entire life cycle in the days that follow a rare rainfall that soaks the soil.They are collectively referred to as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some plants survive desert conditions by carrying...

Question 10

Which statement about plants and heavy metals is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plants take up heavy metals. 
B)  All populations of a plant species have the same capacity to tolerate heavy metals. 
C)  Populations of plants that tolerate heavy metals can evolve rapidly. 
D)  A plant's tolerance to heavy metals is determined by its genotype. 
E)  Plants in areas with heavy metals usually experience little competition. 
A)  Plants take up heavy metals. 
B)  All populations of a plant species have the same capacity to tolerate heavy metals. 
C)  Populations of plants that tolerate heavy metals can evolve rapidly. 
D)  A plant's tolerance to heavy metals is determined by its genotype. 
E)  Plants in areas with heavy metals usually experience little competition.

Question 11

How are flavonoids typically used by plants in defense?

Accepted Answer

A)  As respiratory inhibitors 
B)  To block cell division 
C)  As phytoalexins 
D)  To inhibit enzyme function 
E)  As neurotoxins 
A)  As respiratory inhibitors 
B)  To block cell division 
C)  As phytoalexins 
D)  To inhibit enzyme function 
E)  As neurotoxins

Question 12

Wheat rust is a virulent fungal pathogen that threatens the food supply in many parts of the world.How might scientists combat this fungus?

Accepted Answer

Scientists can expose many different typ

Question 13

By accumulating the amino acid proline, plants

Accepted Answer

A)  become toxic to most herbivores. 
B)  can carry out alcoholic fermentation. 
C)  can extract more water from relatively dry soils. 
D)  can avoid toxic effects from sodium. 
E)  attract animals that disperse seeds. 
A)  become toxic to most herbivores. 
B)  can carry out alcoholic fermentation. 
C)  can extract more water from relatively dry soils. 
D)  can avoid toxic effects from sodium. 
E)  attract animals that disperse seeds.

Question 14

Endogenous alkaloids have long been thought to be deterrents to herbivores.Which statement about nicotine provides direct support for this conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nicotine is a fungicide. 
B)  Nicotine has been shown to prevent the growth of bacterial cultures. 
C)  Plants engineered to have low nicotine content had more leaf damage from insects than plants having higher nicotine content. 
D)  Nicotine is an addictive substance in humans. 
E)  Nicotine is harmful to the tissues of the plant itself. 
A)  Nicotine is a fungicide. 
B)  Nicotine has been shown to prevent the growth of bacterial cultures. 
C)  Plants engineered to have low nicotine content had more leaf damage from insects than plants having higher nicotine content. 
D)  Nicotine is an addictive substance in humans. 
E)  Nicotine is harmful to the tissues of the plant itself.

Question 15

The roots of plants growing in water-logged soils often become _______ because oxygen _______ in water-saturated soils.

Accepted Answer

A)  aerobic; is present in high amounts 
B)  anaerobic; diffuses slowly 
C)  anaerobic; is present in high amounts 
D)  aerobic; diffuses slowly 
E)  anaerobic; diffuses rapidly 
A)  aerobic; is present in high amounts 
B)  anaerobic; diffuses slowly 
C)  anaerobic; is present in high amounts 
D)  aerobic; diffuses slowly 
E)  anaerobic; diffuses rapidly

Question 16

In some aquatic plants, _______ tissue allows oxygen to reach submerged tissues.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In some aquatic plants, _______ tissue allows...

Question 17

The major stress encountered by plants living in waterlogged soil is lack of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The major stress encountered by plants living...

Question 18

Which strategy is not used by plants to protect themselves from the toxic compounds they produce?

Accepted Answer

A)  Compartmentalization 
B)  Delay of defense until the plant is already dying 
C)  Production of modified proteins that do not react with the toxins 
D)  Production of chemicals that target organs not found in plants 
E)  Storage of precursors 
A)  Compartmentalization 
B)  Delay of defense until the plant is already dying 
C)  Production of modified proteins that do not react with the toxins 
D)  Production of chemicals that target organs not found in plants 
E)  Storage of precursors

Question 19

Which of the following is not a plant adaptation to a saline environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Accumulation and transport of sodium ions 
B)  Sequestering of sodium ions in roots 
C)  Salt glands in leaves 
D)  Fleshy, succulent leaves 
E)  Small leaves with small cells 
A)  Accumulation and transport of sodium ions 
B)  Sequestering of sodium ions in roots 
C)  Salt glands in leaves 
D)  Fleshy, succulent leaves 
E)  Small leaves with small cells

Question 20

Which environmental stress in plants is most likely to lead to changes in membrane fluidity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Drought 
B)  Flooding 
C)  Salinity 
D)  Low temperature 
E)  Metal toxicity 
A)  Drought 
B)  Flooding 
C)  Salinity 
D)  Low temperature 
E)  Metal toxicity

Exam 38: Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Pathogens can be walled off during the hypersensitive response by the process of

When a plant responds to a pathogen by turning on the hypersensitive response, what is the most likely result?

Which statement about compounds that plants make to ward off predators and infection is true?

Xerophyte plants with fleshy, water-storing leaves are called _______.

Refer to the figure, showing a micrograph of a stomatal crypt. Trichomes are small hairs lining the stomata of some plants, such as this one.Which description does not reflect a possible role of trichomes?

Pathogens employ _______ genes that code for molecules called elicitors.

Chaperonins are especially important in plants subjected to

Which stressor causes high concentrations of abscisic acid to travel from the roots to the shoot?

Some plants survive desert conditions by carrying out their entire life cycle in the days that follow a rare rainfall that soaks the soil.They are collectively referred to as _______.

Which statement about plants and heavy metals is false?

How are flavonoids typically used by plants in defense?

Wheat rust is a virulent fungal pathogen that threatens the food supply in many parts of the world.How might scientists combat this fungus?

By accumulating the amino acid proline, plants

Endogenous alkaloids have long been thought to be deterrents to herbivores.Which statement about nicotine provides direct support for this conclusion?

The roots of plants growing in water-logged soils often become _______ because oxygen _______ in water-saturated soils.

In some aquatic plants, _______ tissue allows oxygen to reach submerged tissues.

The major stress encountered by plants living in waterlogged soil is lack of _______.

Which strategy is not used by plants to protect themselves from the toxic compounds they produce?

Which of the following is not a plant adaptation to a saline environment?

Which environmental stress in plants is most likely to lead to changes in membrane fluidity?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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The roots of plants growing in water-logged soils often become _ because oxygen _ in water-saturated soils.