Question 1

What is likely to happen to an insect that attempts to feed on a plant capable of producing large amounts of latex?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will be attracted to the plant. 
B)  It will become stuck in the latex. 
C)  It will be repelled as it approaches the plant. 
D)  It will suffer digestive damage and die. 
E)  It will suffer neurological damage and die. 
A)  It will be attracted to the plant. 
B)  It will become stuck in the latex. 
C)  It will be repelled as it approaches the plant. 
D)  It will suffer digestive damage and die. 
E)  It will suffer neurological damage and die.

Question 2

Insects are most likely to circumvent defensive latex in plants by

Accepted Answer

A)  feeding only on old plants. 
B)  learning to like the taste of latex. 
C)  cutting latex veins to drain the latex. 
D)  producing alternate forms of latex. 
E)  inducing a chemical resistance to latex. 
A)  feeding only on old plants. 
B)  learning to like the taste of latex. 
C)  cutting latex veins to drain the latex. 
D)  producing alternate forms of latex. 
E)  inducing a chemical resistance to latex.

Question 3

In conditions in which soil water is plentiful but oxygen is scarce, plants respond by

Accepted Answer

A)  rapidly growing roots that penetrate deeply into the soil. 
B)  slowing root growth and making aerenchyma. 
C)  inhibiting the production of ATP. 
D)  producing oxygen from water. 
E)  using their leaves to collect oxygen. 
A)  rapidly growing roots that penetrate deeply into the soil. 
B)  slowing root growth and making aerenchyma. 
C)  inhibiting the production of ATP. 
D)  producing oxygen from water. 
E)  using their leaves to collect oxygen.

Question 4

Which compounds are plant secondary metabolites?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzymes 
B)  Lipids 
C)  Alkaloids 
D)  Pectins 
E)  Nucleic acids 
A)  Enzymes 
B)  Lipids 
C)  Alkaloids 
D)  Pectins 
E)  Nucleic acids

Question 5

Extensin serves to

Accepted Answer

A)  store water in plants. 
B)  defend against plant pathogen attacks. 
C)  repel plant predators because they are toxic to animals. 
D)  act as salt glands in plants. 
E)  strengthen cell walls to form a barrier against the internal spread of a plant pathogen. 
A)  store water in plants. 
B)  defend against plant pathogen attacks. 
C)  repel plant predators because they are toxic to animals. 
D)  act as salt glands in plants. 
E)  strengthen cell walls to form a barrier against the internal spread of a plant pathogen.

Question 6

A plant whose leaves contain large spaces between cells that make the leaves especially buoyant would likely be a(n) _______ plant.

Accepted Answer

A)  desert 
B)  rainforest 
C)  grassland 
D)  aquatic 
E)  halophytic 
A)  desert 
B)  rainforest 
C)  grassland 
D)  aquatic 
E)  halophytic

Question 7

Refer to the figure, showing induced resistance mechanisms.   A _______ molecule is released by the receptor in the plasma membrane when the presence of a pathogen is detected.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure, showing induced resistance...

Question 8

It has long been a practice to nail fencing to trees.Diagram how the act of nailing a fence to a tree trunk can introduce pathogens into the tree.Be sure to show what measures the tree takes to ward off disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It has long been a practice to...

Question 9

Heat shock proteins are most likely to be produced during conditions that lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  anoxia. 
B)  drying. 
C)  protein denaturation. 
D)  depleted membrane gradients. 
E)  hyperosmotic conditions. 
A)  anoxia. 
B)  drying. 
C)  protein denaturation. 
D)  depleted membrane gradients. 
E)  hyperosmotic conditions.

Question 10

Halophytes are different from all other types of plants in that they

Accepted Answer

A)  can accumulate sodium and chloride ions. 
B)  have a positive water potential. 
C)  contain no sodium or chloride ions. 
D)  contain no stomata. 
E)  grow pneumatophores. 
A)  can accumulate sodium and chloride ions. 
B)  have a positive water potential. 
C)  contain no sodium or chloride ions. 
D)  contain no stomata. 
E)  grow pneumatophores.

Question 11

Refer to the figure, showing plant responses to herbivores.   What two roles do jasmonates play in this defensive system?

Accepted Answer

Jasmonates trigger production

Question 12

Refer to the figure.   This drought induced response is mediated by _______, which travels from the stressed roots upward through the xylem to the leaves.

Accepted Answer

A)  abscisic acid 
B)  salicylic acid 
C)  jasmonic acid 
D)  nicotine 
E)  latex 
A)  abscisic acid 
B)  salicylic acid 
C)  jasmonic acid 
D)  nicotine 
E)  latex

Question 13

When a plant detects an attack by an herbivorous insect, a(n) _______ pathway is initiated, which in turn activates defenses such as the production of protease inhibitors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a plant detects an attack by...

Question 14

A plant's immune response to _______ involves small interfering RNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A plant's immune response to _______ involves...

Question 15

Pansies are planted in the winter in the southeastern United States.To ensure that the plants are ready to enter cool ground, nurseries cold-harden the plants for several days.Describe this process, and explain how this helps the plants survive cooler temperatures.

Accepted Answer

Cold-hardening is gradual exposure to ad

Question 16

Refer to the figure.   If a moth larva chewed on a dandelion plant, elicitors would be produced in

Accepted Answer

A)  the plant. 
B)  the herbivore. 
C)  either the plant or the herbivore. 
D)  beneficial microbes. 
E)  the surrounding soil. 
A)  the plant. 
B)  the herbivore. 
C)  either the plant or the herbivore. 
D)  beneficial microbes. 
E)  the surrounding soil.

Question 17

Plant A has succulent leaves onto which it secretes salt.Plant B is a related plant that lacks these two traits.A researcher presented with one specimen of each plant should grow plant A in a _______ habitat and plant B in a _______ habitat.

Accepted Answer

A)  freshwater wetland; saline wetland 
B)  saline wetland; freshwater wetland 
C)  tropical forest; saline wetland 
D)  grassland; tropical forest 
E)  freshwater wetland; grassland 
A)  freshwater wetland; saline wetland 
B)  saline wetland; freshwater wetland 
C)  tropical forest; saline wetland 
D)  grassland; tropical forest 
E)  freshwater wetland; grassland

Question 18

Canavanine is useful in plant defense because it

Accepted Answer

A)  blocks cell division. 
B)  inhibits respiration. 
C)  deters feeding. 
D)  disrupts protein structure. 
E)  blocks animal hormones. 
A)  blocks cell division. 
B)  inhibits respiration. 
C)  deters feeding. 
D)  disrupts protein structure. 
E)  blocks animal hormones.

Question 19

Halophytes that grow in coastal ocean water commonly have high ion concentrations in

Accepted Answer

A)  leaf cell vacuoles. 
B)  the root cortex. 
C)  root hairs. 
D)  stem vascular tissue. 
E)  guard cells. 
A)  leaf cell vacuoles. 
B)  the root cortex. 
C)  root hairs. 
D)  stem vascular tissue. 
E)  guard cells.

Question 20

Refer to the figure, showing gene-for-gene resistance.   What would a resistant plant use to help defend itself against a pathogen closely related to the one that produced the wedge-shaped molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  A new R gene 
B)  Its existing R gene 
C)  Flavonoids 
D)  Phytoalexins 
E)  Polysaccharides 
A)  A new R gene 
B)  Its existing R gene 
C)  Flavonoids 
D)  Phytoalexins 
E)  Polysaccharides

Exam 38: Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

What is likely to happen to an insect that attempts to feed on a plant capable of producing large amounts of latex?

Insects are most likely to circumvent defensive latex in plants by

In conditions in which soil water is plentiful but oxygen is scarce, plants respond by

Which compounds are plant secondary metabolites?

Extensin serves to

A plant whose leaves contain large spaces between cells that make the leaves especially buoyant would likely be a(n) _______ plant.

Refer to the figure, showing induced resistance mechanisms. A _______ molecule is released by the receptor in the plasma membrane when the presence of a pathogen is detected.

It has long been a practice to nail fencing to trees.Diagram how the act of nailing a fence to a tree trunk can introduce pathogens into the tree.Be sure to show what measures the tree takes to ward off disease.

Heat shock proteins are most likely to be produced during conditions that lead to

Halophytes are different from all other types of plants in that they

Refer to the figure, showing plant responses to herbivores. What two roles do jasmonates play in this defensive system?

Refer to the figure. This drought induced response is mediated by _______, which travels from the stressed roots upward through the xylem to the leaves.

When a plant detects an attack by an herbivorous insect, a(n) _______ pathway is initiated, which in turn activates defenses such as the production of protease inhibitors.

A plant's immune response to _______ involves small interfering RNA.

Pansies are planted in the winter in the southeastern United States.To ensure that the plants are ready to enter cool ground, nurseries cold-harden the plants for several days.Describe this process, and explain how this helps the plants survive cooler temperatures.

Refer to the figure. If a moth larva chewed on a dandelion plant, elicitors would be produced in

Plant A has succulent leaves onto which it secretes salt.Plant B is a related plant that lacks these two traits.A researcher presented with one specimen of each plant should grow plant A in a _______ habitat and plant B in a _______ habitat.

Canavanine is useful in plant defense because it

Halophytes that grow in coastal ocean water commonly have high ion concentrations in

Refer to the figure, showing gene-for-gene resistance. What would a resistant plant use to help defend itself against a pathogen closely related to the one that produced the wedge-shaped molecule?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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Plant A has succulent leaves onto which it secretes salt.Plant B is a related plant that lacks these two traits.A researcher presented with one specimen of each plant should grow plant A in a _ habitat and plant B in a _ habitat.