Question 1

Refer to the figure.   The figure is most likely illustrating

Accepted Answer

A)  a normal cell (
A)  and an attached class I MHC protein (
B) . 
B)  part of an adaptive immune response in which a B lymphocyte (
A)  is presenting a portion of a virus (
B)  on its cell surface. 
C)  part of an adaptive immune system in which a cytotoxic T cell (
A)  is shown with an attached CD8 protein (
B) . 
D)  part of an innate immune response in which a macrophage (
A)  is presenting an antigen to a T-helper cell (
B) . 
E)  part of an innate immune response in which a phagocyte (
A)  is phagocytosing a foreign cell such as a bacterial or yeast cell (
B) . 
A)  a normal cell (
A)  and an attached class I MHC protein (
B) . 
B)  part of an adaptive immune response in which a B lymphocyte (
A)  is presenting a portion of a virus (
B)  on its cell surface. 
C)  part of an adaptive immune system in which a cytotoxic T cell (
A)  is shown with an attached CD8 protein (
B) . 
D)  part of an innate immune response in which a macrophage (
A)  is presenting an antigen to a T-helper cell (
B) . 
E)  part of an innate immune response in which a phagocyte (
A)  is phagocytosing a foreign cell such as a bacterial or yeast cell (
B) .

Question 2

The cells targeted by HIV are

Accepted Answer

A)  neurons. 
B)  platelets. 
C)  erythrocytes. 
D)  mast cells. 
E)  T-helper cells. 
A)  neurons. 
B)  platelets. 
C)  erythrocytes. 
D)  mast cells. 
E)  T-helper cells.

Question 3

Patients infected with HIV are susceptible to a variety of infections because

Accepted Answer

A)  the virus produces cell surface receptors that bind to pathogens, making it easier for those pathogens to be infective. 
B)  the synthesis of a DNA copy of the viral genome makes a person susceptible to infection. 
C)  HIV attacks and destroys the TH cells, which are central to mounting an effective immune response. 
D)  HIV destroys B cells, so antibodies cannot be made in response to invading pathogens. 
E)  HIV mutates the B cells, so they cannot make the huge array of antibodies needed for an effective immune response. 
A)  the virus produces cell surface receptors that bind to pathogens, making it easier for those pathogens to be infective. 
B)  the synthesis of a DNA copy of the viral genome makes a person susceptible to infection. 
C)  HIV attacks and destroys the TH cells, which are central to mounting an effective immune response. 
D)  HIV destroys B cells, so antibodies cannot be made in response to invading pathogens. 
E)  HIV mutates the B cells, so they cannot make the huge array of antibodies needed for an effective immune response.

Question 4

An immunoglobulin has _______ polypeptide chain(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  four 
E)  eight 
A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  four 
E)  eight

Question 5

Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Contact with a specific MHC-antigen complex activates a T cell, causing it to form a clone. 
B)  Some cells within a T cell clone differentiate into memory cells, which include cytotoxic T cells, T-helper cells, and plasma cells. 
C)  Cytotoxic T cells coordinate humoral and cellular immune responses. 
D)  Antibodies present antigens to T cells. 
E)  T-helper cells lyse mutated cells and virus-infected cells. 
A)  Contact with a specific MHC-antigen complex activates a T cell, causing it to form a clone. 
B)  Some cells within a T cell clone differentiate into memory cells, which include cytotoxic T cells, T-helper cells, and plasma cells. 
C)  Cytotoxic T cells coordinate humoral and cellular immune responses. 
D)  Antibodies present antigens to T cells. 
E)  T-helper cells lyse mutated cells and virus-infected cells.

Question 6

Which is considered to be an autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  AIDS 
B)  Lymphoma caused by the Epstein-Barr virus 
C)  Type I diabetes 
D)  Kaposi's sarcoma 
E)  Pneumonia 
A)  AIDS 
B)  Lymphoma caused by the Epstein-Barr virus 
C)  Type I diabetes 
D)  Kaposi's sarcoma 
E)  Pneumonia

Question 7

Even without treatment, some people who are infected with HIV but untreated may not develop severe symptoms of AIDS for a period of time.The longest period of time that has been recorded is _______ years.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3-4 
C)  7-8 
D)  10 
E)  20 or more 
A)  2 
B)  3-4 
C)  7-8 
D)  10 
E)  20 or more

Question 8

Kaposi's sarcoma, which is induced by a herpes virus, and lymphoma tumors induced by the Epstein-Barr virus are the result of _______ infections associated with AIDS.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kaposi's sarcoma, which is induced by a...

Question 9

Refer to the figure.   If you find a cell similar to the one labeled "A" in an infected wound, the cell is most likely a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.   If...

Question 10

Which class of antibodies is critical in the activation of B cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG 
B)  IgA 
C)  IgE 
D)  IgD 
E)  IgM 
A)  IgG 
B)  IgA 
C)  IgE 
D)  IgD 
E)  IgM

Question 11

Development of an effective HIV vaccine requires that the person being vaccinated develop both cellular and humoral immunity against HIV.What experiments would you do to test whether both types of immunity developed in people given a potential new vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Experiments might involve test

Question 12

The lymphocytes specific for particular antigenic determinants proliferate via the process known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The lymphocytes specific for particular antigenic determinants...

Question 13

Many bacteria and fungi typically live and reproduce on the skin without causing disease.Therefore, they can be considered

Accepted Answer

A)  microcytes. 
B)  ectocytes. 
C)  pathogens. 
D)  normal flora. 
E)  normal fauna. 
A)  microcytes. 
B)  ectocytes. 
C)  pathogens. 
D)  normal flora. 
E)  normal fauna.

Question 14

Mucous membranes produce small peptides known as _______ that are toxic to numerous pathogens, meaning that they are a type of innate defense.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mucous membranes produce small peptides known as...

Question 15

Rheumatoid arthritis may arise

Accepted Answer

A)  from the overproduction of IgE from mast cells. 
B)  due to difficulty in shutting down the T cell response to self antigens. 
C)  due to a delayed hypersensitivity to antigens 
D)  when B cells lose their ability to become plasma cells. 
E)  when class switching from IgM to IgG is inhibited. 
A)  from the overproduction of IgE from mast cells. 
B)  due to difficulty in shutting down the T cell response to self antigens. 
C)  due to a delayed hypersensitivity to antigens 
D)  when B cells lose their ability to become plasma cells. 
E)  when class switching from IgM to IgG is inhibited.

Question 16

Lymphocytes specific for certain antigens proliferate by a process known as

Accepted Answer

A)  effector selection. 
B)  clonal anergy. 
C)  class switching. 
D)  clonal selection. 
E)  monoclonal formation. 
A)  effector selection. 
B)  clonal anergy. 
C)  class switching. 
D)  clonal selection. 
E)  monoclonal formation.

Question 17

Multiple sclerosis is a degenerative disease that is caused by the immune response attacking the myelin sheath that surrounds the nerves of the central nervous system.An immunologist would describe this as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  acquired immunodeficiency. 
B)  immediate hypersensitivity. 
C)  genetic immunodeficiency. 
D)  opportunistic infection. 
E)  autoimmune disease. 
A)  acquired immunodeficiency. 
B)  immediate hypersensitivity. 
C)  genetic immunodeficiency. 
D)  opportunistic infection. 
E)  autoimmune disease.

Question 18

Virally infected cells often produce small amounts of antimicrobial proteins known as _______ that increase the resistance of neighboring cells to infection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Virally infected cells often produce small amounts...

Question 19

Which characterizes class I MHC proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are recognized and bound by the surface protein CD4 on cytotoxic T cells. 
B)  They have an antibody-binding site that activates the humoral immune response. 
C)  They are found only on the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells. 
D)  They are used to present antigens to T-helper cells. 
E)  They bring fragments of degraded intracellular proteins to the plasma membrane. 
A)  They are recognized and bound by the surface protein CD4 on cytotoxic T cells. 
B)  They have an antibody-binding site that activates the humoral immune response. 
C)  They are found only on the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells. 
D)  They are used to present antigens to T-helper cells. 
E)  They bring fragments of degraded intracellular proteins to the plasma membrane.

Question 20

Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Opportunistic infections are the usual cause of AIDS deaths. 
B)  HIV causes death directly. 
C)  AIDS typically arises within days of an HIV infection. 
D)  HIV viral load rises steadily from the initial infection. 
E)  AIDS is untreatable. 
A)  Opportunistic infections are the usual cause of AIDS deaths. 
B)  HIV causes death directly. 
C)  AIDS typically arises within days of an HIV infection. 
D)  HIV viral load rises steadily from the initial infection. 
E)  AIDS is untreatable.

Exam 41: Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Refer to the figure. The figure is most likely illustrating

The cells targeted by HIV are

Patients infected with HIV are susceptible to a variety of infections because

An immunoglobulin has _______ polypeptide chain(s).

Which statement is correct?

Which is considered to be an autoimmune disease?

Even without treatment, some people who are infected with HIV but untreated may not develop severe symptoms of AIDS for a period of time.The longest period of time that has been recorded is _______ years.

Kaposi's sarcoma, which is induced by a herpes virus, and lymphoma tumors induced by the Epstein-Barr virus are the result of _______ infections associated with AIDS.

Refer to the figure. If you find a cell similar to the one labeled "A" in an infected wound, the cell is most likely a(n) _______.

Which class of antibodies is critical in the activation of B cells?

Development of an effective HIV vaccine requires that the person being vaccinated develop both cellular and humoral immunity against HIV.What experiments would you do to test whether both types of immunity developed in people given a potential new vaccine?

The lymphocytes specific for particular antigenic determinants proliferate via the process known as _______.

Many bacteria and fungi typically live and reproduce on the skin without causing disease.Therefore, they can be considered

Mucous membranes produce small peptides known as _______ that are toxic to numerous pathogens, meaning that they are a type of innate defense.

Rheumatoid arthritis may arise

Lymphocytes specific for certain antigens proliferate by a process known as

Multiple sclerosis is a degenerative disease that is caused by the immune response attacking the myelin sheath that surrounds the nerves of the central nervous system.An immunologist would describe this as a(n)

Virally infected cells often produce small amounts of antimicrobial proteins known as _______ that increase the resistance of neighboring cells to infection.

Which characterizes class I MHC proteins?

Which statement is true?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters