Question 1

Which cells release histamines when tissues are damaged?

Accepted Answer

A)  Macrophages 
B)  B lymphocytes 
C)  Mast cells 
D)  Monocytes 
E)  Phagocytes 
A)  Macrophages 
B)  B lymphocytes 
C)  Mast cells 
D)  Monocytes 
E)  Phagocytes

Question 2

Which is a correct pairing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Immune system fails to function: immediate hypersensitivity allergic reaction 
B)  Immune system attacks self antigens: autoimmune disease 
C)  Immune system overreacts: immune deficiency disorder 
D)  Immune system fails to react: autoimmune disease 
E)  Immune system fails to function: delayed hypersensitivity allergic reaction 
A)  Immune system fails to function: immediate hypersensitivity allergic reaction 
B)  Immune system attacks self antigens: autoimmune disease 
C)  Immune system overreacts: immune deficiency disorder 
D)  Immune system fails to react: autoimmune disease 
E)  Immune system fails to function: delayed hypersensitivity allergic reaction

Question 3

Refer to the graph showing a person's immune response, first to a vaccination, and later to exposure to the pathogen that the vaccine targeted.Time is represented on the x-axis, but the scale is different for each subdivision.   If the graph shown represents a time course following a person's vaccination against measles, which is an accurate estimate of times labeled A-D?

Accepted Answer

A)  A must be months; C must be weeks. 
B)  A must be weeks; B could be days to years. 
C)  A must be days; D must be years. 
D)  B must be months; D must be years. 
E)  C must be months; D must be years. 
A)  A must be months; C must be weeks. 
B)  A must be weeks; B could be days to years. 
C)  A must be days; D must be years. 
D)  B must be months; D must be years. 
E)  C must be months; D must be years.

Question 4

Which statement about the humoral immune response is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is directed against antigens that have become established within a cell. 
B)  It is carried out by T cells. 
C)  It involves soluble antibodies. 
D)  It uses defensins to defend against pathogenic bacteria 
E)  It is part of the innate immune system 
A)  It is directed against antigens that have become established within a cell. 
B)  It is carried out by T cells. 
C)  It involves soluble antibodies. 
D)  It uses defensins to defend against pathogenic bacteria 
E)  It is part of the innate immune system

Question 5

Clonal deletion removes

Accepted Answer

A)  aging memory cells. 
B)  immature lymphocytes showing the potential to mount an immune response against self antigens. 
C)  antibodies produced by one person and received by another. 
D)  mature effector cells. 
E)  B and T cells that have proliferated by clonal selection. 
A)  aging memory cells. 
B)  immature lymphocytes showing the potential to mount an immune response against self antigens. 
C)  antibodies produced by one person and received by another. 
D)  mature effector cells. 
E)  B and T cells that have proliferated by clonal selection.

Question 6

The desensitization treatment for allergies involves injections of small amounts of the allergen: enough to trigger the production of _______, but not enough to trigger the production of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  IgE; IgG 
B)  histamines; IgM 
C)  histamines; IgG 
D)  IgG; IgE 
E)  IgG; IgM 
A)  IgE; IgG 
B)  histamines; IgM 
C)  histamines; IgG 
D)  IgG; IgE 
E)  IgG; IgM

Question 7

Refer to the figure showing the adaptive immune system.   The cell labeled 2 is a _______ and the cell labeled 3 is a _______ cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  macrophage; memory 
B)  T-helper cell; B 
C)  B cell; T 
D)  cytotoxic T cell; memory 
E)  memory cell; plasma 
A)  macrophage; memory 
B)  T-helper cell; B 
C)  B cell; T 
D)  cytotoxic T cell; memory 
E)  memory cell; plasma

Question 8

Which statement about lymph is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is made in lymph nodes. 
B)  It moves from intercellular spaces through a network of vessels and ducts. 
C)  It is moved from the circulatory system to the body via the thoracic duct. 
D)  It is a fluid containing all the cells that blood contains. 
E)  It is distributed through all parts of the body except for the head. 
A)  It is made in lymph nodes. 
B)  It moves from intercellular spaces through a network of vessels and ducts. 
C)  It is moved from the circulatory system to the body via the thoracic duct. 
D)  It is a fluid containing all the cells that blood contains. 
E)  It is distributed through all parts of the body except for the head.

Question 9

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that is associated with functionally impaired Tregs and inflammation of joints and other tissues.What is a likely explanation for how impairing Tregs could result in this autoimmune disorder?

Accepted Answer

Tregs recognize self antigens, and the a

Question 10

When a patient comes into a clinic with allergies, a doctor will often recommend antihistamines.When a person takes antihistamines, he or she is trying to prevent

Accepted Answer

A)  neutrophils from degranulating. 
B)  mast cell activity. 
C)  T cells from producing antibody. 
D)  macrophages from completing phagocytosis. 
E)  B cells from killing target cells. 
A)  neutrophils from degranulating. 
B)  mast cell activity. 
C)  T cells from producing antibody. 
D)  macrophages from completing phagocytosis. 
E)  B cells from killing target cells.

Question 11

Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  People who have had chickenpox usually catch it again because it is caused by a pathogenic bacterium. 
B)  Antibodies passed to an infant in breast milk give the infant immunity to diseases the mother's immune system has been fighting off. 
C)  When a person gets a bacterial infection, antibiotics are administered because our bodies do not have immune defenses against pathogenic bacteria. 
D)  Vaccines against influenza are usually effective against the following year's strain of influenza. 
E)  When vaccinated, the recipient receives antibodies that lead to long-lasting protection. 
A)  People who have had chickenpox usually catch it again because it is caused by a pathogenic bacterium. 
B)  Antibodies passed to an infant in breast milk give the infant immunity to diseases the mother's immune system has been fighting off. 
C)  When a person gets a bacterial infection, antibiotics are administered because our bodies do not have immune defenses against pathogenic bacteria. 
D)  Vaccines against influenza are usually effective against the following year's strain of influenza. 
E)  When vaccinated, the recipient receives antibodies that lead to long-lasting protection.

Question 12

B cells mature from undifferentiated stem cells in

Accepted Answer

A)  the thymus. 
B)  lymph nodes. 
C)  bone marrow. 
D)  the spleen. 
E)  circulating blood. 
A)  the thymus. 
B)  lymph nodes. 
C)  bone marrow. 
D)  the spleen. 
E)  circulating blood.

Question 13

When a T cell is activated by an antigen, it will most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  secrete antibodies. 
B)  proliferate. 
C)  die. 
D)  display the antigen on its cell surface using its class II MHC molecules. 
E)  become a plasma cell. 
A)  secrete antibodies. 
B)  proliferate. 
C)  die. 
D)  display the antigen on its cell surface using its class II MHC molecules. 
E)  become a plasma cell.

Question 14

Which reaction supports the hypothesis that a person is undergoing an innate immune response after exposure to a pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  A decrease in defensin production 
B)  An increase in lysozyme production 
C)  Decreased flow of mucus 
D)  Increased antibody production 
E)  Dry skin 
A)  A decrease in defensin production 
B)  An increase in lysozyme production 
C)  Decreased flow of mucus 
D)  Increased antibody production 
E)  Dry skin

Question 15

When the sea urchin genome was sequenced, researchers concluded that this invertebrate has an exceptionally strong immune system.Which is the most likely observation that led researchers to this conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sea urchins make more antibodies than humans do. 
B)  Sea urchins have many more toll-like receptors than humans. 
C)  Sea urchins do not have clonal deletion of B cells, so they can respond to more different types of pathogens. 
D)  Sea urchins make a compound with antimicrobial properties that lyses bacteria. 
E)  Sea urchins have more types of MHC proteins than humans. 
A)  Sea urchins make more antibodies than humans do. 
B)  Sea urchins have many more toll-like receptors than humans. 
C)  Sea urchins do not have clonal deletion of B cells, so they can respond to more different types of pathogens. 
D)  Sea urchins make a compound with antimicrobial properties that lyses bacteria. 
E)  Sea urchins have more types of MHC proteins than humans.

Question 16

T cells mature in

Accepted Answer

A)  the thymus. 
B)  lymph nodes. 
C)  bone marrow. 
D)  the spleen. 
E)  the thoracic duct. 
A)  the thymus. 
B)  lymph nodes. 
C)  bone marrow. 
D)  the spleen. 
E)  the thoracic duct.

Question 17

Which aspect of the adaptive immune system accounts for the specific and diverse nature of the immune response and immunological memory and ensures tolerance to self?

Accepted Answer

A)  Class switching 
B)  Cellular immune response 
C)  Clonal deletion 
D)  Humoral immune response 
E)  Inflammation response 
A)  Class switching 
B)  Cellular immune response 
C)  Clonal deletion 
D)  Humoral immune response 
E)  Inflammation response

Question 18

When an antigen binds to an antibody, the antigen does not change its covalent structure, and when a substrate binds to an active site of an enzyme, the substrate _______ (does/does not) change its covalent structure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When an antigen binds to an antibody,...

Question 19

Antibodies belong to the class of proteins known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Antibodies belong to the class of proteins...

Question 20

Currently, some of most effective drugs to treat HIV infections are those directed against the two enzymes

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase and protein kinase. 
B)  reverse transcriptase and viral protease. 
C)  pyruvate dehydrogenase and cyclic AMP. 
D)  DNA isomerase and RNA ligase. 
E)  DNA ligase and ribozyme. 
A)  DNA polymerase and protein kinase. 
B)  reverse transcriptase and viral protease. 
C)  pyruvate dehydrogenase and cyclic AMP. 
D)  DNA isomerase and RNA ligase. 
E)  DNA ligase and ribozyme.

Exam 41: Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Which cells release histamines when tissues are damaged?

Which is a correct pairing?

Which statement about the humoral immune response is true?

Clonal deletion removes

The desensitization treatment for allergies involves injections of small amounts of the allergen: enough to trigger the production of _______, but not enough to trigger the production of _______.

Refer to the figure showing the adaptive immune system. The cell labeled 2 is a _______ and the cell labeled 3 is a _______ cell.

Which statement about lymph is true?

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that is associated with functionally impaired Tregs and inflammation of joints and other tissues.What is a likely explanation for how impairing Tregs could result in this autoimmune disorder?

When a patient comes into a clinic with allergies, a doctor will often recommend antihistamines.When a person takes antihistamines, he or she is trying to prevent

Which statement is correct?

B cells mature from undifferentiated stem cells in

When a T cell is activated by an antigen, it will most likely

Which reaction supports the hypothesis that a person is undergoing an innate immune response after exposure to a pathogen?

When the sea urchin genome was sequenced, researchers concluded that this invertebrate has an exceptionally strong immune system.Which is the most likely observation that led researchers to this conclusion?

T cells mature in

Which aspect of the adaptive immune system accounts for the specific and diverse nature of the immune response and immunological memory and ensures tolerance to self?

When an antigen binds to an antibody, the antigen does not change its covalent structure, and when a substrate binds to an active site of an enzyme, the substrate _______ (does/does not) change its covalent structure.

Antibodies belong to the class of proteins known as _______.

Currently, some of most effective drugs to treat HIV infections are those directed against the two enzymes

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

The desensitization treatment for allergies involves injections of small amounts of the allergen: enough to trigger the production of _, but not enough to trigger the production of _.

Refer to the figure showing the adaptive immune system. The cell labeled 2 is a _ and the cell labeled 3 is a _ cell.