Question 1

Which reaction is the most likely to be a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to an allergen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sneezing from ragweed exposure 
B)  Production of IgE by mast cells 
C)  Rash after exposure to poison oak 
D)  Production of IgG by T-helper cells 
E)  Difficulty breathing after being stung by a bee 
A)  Sneezing from ragweed exposure 
B)  Production of IgE by mast cells 
C)  Rash after exposure to poison oak 
D)  Production of IgG by T-helper cells 
E)  Difficulty breathing after being stung by a bee

Question 2

If you were vaccinated against measles as a child, you still have immunity to the disease decades later because

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma cells secrete cytokines. 
B)  effector T cells secrete antibodies. 
C)  vaccinations initiate a secondary immune response. 
D)  memory B cells can persist in the body for several decades. 
E)  antigenic determinants from the measles virus remain in your system for decades. 
A)  plasma cells secrete cytokines. 
B)  effector T cells secrete antibodies. 
C)  vaccinations initiate a secondary immune response. 
D)  memory B cells can persist in the body for several decades. 
E)  antigenic determinants from the measles virus remain in your system for decades.

Question 3

Which substance is most likely responsible for fever during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fibrinogen 
B)  Complement proteins 
C)  Cytokines 
D)  Class I MHC proteins 
E)  Class II MHC proteins 
A)  Fibrinogen 
B)  Complement proteins 
C)  Cytokines 
D)  Class I MHC proteins 
E)  Class II MHC proteins

Question 4

Refer to the figure showing different types of hammer.   If you compare the hammers to T cell receptors, the heads of the hammers are most analogous to the

Accepted Answer

A)  variable regions. 
B)  constant regions. 
C)  α chains. 
D)  γ chains. 
E)  hydrophobic region. 
A)  variable regions. 
B)  constant regions. 
C)  α chains. 
D)  γ chains. 
E)  hydrophobic region.

Question 5

Refer to the figure illustrating an immune response to an antigen.   The cell labeled "A" is a B lymphocyte and the cell labeled "B" is a(n) _______.These cells are involved in a humoral immune response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure illustrating an immune...

Question 6

If you come down with a streptococcal bacterial infection that results in your getting strep throat, you are likely to suffer from a fever, sore throat, headache, nausea, and even vomiting.At least one of these symptoms may be useful to your recovery because

Accepted Answer

A)  the high temperature of a fever is an adaptive immune response that can bring phagocytes to the area. 
B)  the high temperature of a fever is an innate immune response that can inhibit bacterial growth. 
C)  the pain of the sore throat causes prostaglandins to be secreted as part of the innate immune response, decreasing the sensitivity to pain. 
D)  the pain of the sore throat causes prostaglandins to be secreted as part of the adaptive immune response, mobilizing phagocytes to the area. 
E)  vomiting is part of an adaptive immune response, reducing the bacterial load of your stomach and upper digestive tract. 
A)  the high temperature of a fever is an adaptive immune response that can bring phagocytes to the area. 
B)  the high temperature of a fever is an innate immune response that can inhibit bacterial growth. 
C)  the pain of the sore throat causes prostaglandins to be secreted as part of the innate immune response, decreasing the sensitivity to pain. 
D)  the pain of the sore throat causes prostaglandins to be secreted as part of the adaptive immune response, mobilizing phagocytes to the area. 
E)  vomiting is part of an adaptive immune response, reducing the bacterial load of your stomach and upper digestive tract.

Question 7

Cruise ship passengers find themselves with flu-like symptoms for the first 4-5 days of their trip, but eventually recover and enjoy their trip.Which defense listed is last to be involved in their recovery?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibodies 
B)  Lysozymes 
C)  Mucus 
D)  Their skin, as an example of an innate defense 
E)  Phagocytosis 
A)  Antibodies 
B)  Lysozymes 
C)  Mucus 
D)  Their skin, as an example of an innate defense 
E)  Phagocytosis

Question 8

Which characterizes plasma cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have few ribosomes. 
B)  They secrete large quantities of antibody protein that a precursor cell synthesized. 
C)  They have a relatively low amount of endoplasmic reticulum. 
D)  They originate from a parent B cell. 
E)  They secrete antibodies unique to each individual cell. 
A)  They have few ribosomes. 
B)  They secrete large quantities of antibody protein that a precursor cell synthesized. 
C)  They have a relatively low amount of endoplasmic reticulum. 
D)  They originate from a parent B cell. 
E)  They secrete antibodies unique to each individual cell.

Question 9

Which consists primarily of lymphoid tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pancreas 
B)  Thymus 
C)  Lung 
D)  Liver 
E)  Red blood cells 
A)  Pancreas 
B)  Thymus 
C)  Lung 
D)  Liver 
E)  Red blood cells

Question 10

The major histocompatibility complex

Accepted Answer

A)  represents gene-encoding proteins found on the surfaces of cells. 
B)  plays no role in T cell immunity. 
C)  plays no role in antibody responses. 
D)  plays no role in skin graft rejection. 
E)  is encoded by a single locus with multiple alleles. 
A)  represents gene-encoding proteins found on the surfaces of cells. 
B)  plays no role in T cell immunity. 
C)  plays no role in antibody responses. 
D)  plays no role in skin graft rejection. 
E)  is encoded by a single locus with multiple alleles.

Question 11

Which statement about interferons is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They signal neighboring cells to secrete antibodies. 
B)  They increase resistance of neighboring cells to infection. 
C)  They are a cyclic compound similar to cyclic AMP. 
D)  They are produced by bacteria during bacterial infections. 
E)  They are not considered part of an immune response. 
A)  They signal neighboring cells to secrete antibodies. 
B)  They increase resistance of neighboring cells to infection. 
C)  They are a cyclic compound similar to cyclic AMP. 
D)  They are produced by bacteria during bacterial infections. 
E)  They are not considered part of an immune response.

Question 12

Which characterizes class II MHC proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are found on surfaces of T cells and macrophages. 
B)  They have an antibody-binding site that activates the humoral immune response. 
C)  They bring fragments of degraded intracellular proteins to the plasma membrane. 
D)  They present fragments of degraded extracellular proteins to T-helper cells. 
E)  They are recognized and bound by the surface protein CD8 on cytotoxic T cells. 
A)  They are found on surfaces of T cells and macrophages. 
B)  They have an antibody-binding site that activates the humoral immune response. 
C)  They bring fragments of degraded intracellular proteins to the plasma membrane. 
D)  They present fragments of degraded extracellular proteins to T-helper cells. 
E)  They are recognized and bound by the surface protein CD8 on cytotoxic T cells.

Question 13

Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Red blood cells develop from white blood cells. 
B)  Lymphocytes are restricted to lymph. 
C)  Dendritic cells are white blood cells that develop into microorganism-engulfing macrophages and monocytes, which present antigens to T cells. 
D)  T cells are lymphocytes that produce antibodies, and B cells are lymphocytes that regulate activities of other white blood cells. 
E)  Mast cells and basophils are white blood cells that release histamine. 
A)  Red blood cells develop from white blood cells. 
B)  Lymphocytes are restricted to lymph. 
C)  Dendritic cells are white blood cells that develop into microorganism-engulfing macrophages and monocytes, which present antigens to T cells. 
D)  T cells are lymphocytes that produce antibodies, and B cells are lymphocytes that regulate activities of other white blood cells. 
E)  Mast cells and basophils are white blood cells that release histamine.

Question 14

Interferons are a class of _______ that increase the resistance of neighboring cells to infection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Interferons are a class of _______ that...

Question 15

If a person suffers from hay fever due to an allergy to grass pollen, that person can be treated to reduce the allergic response by injections of small amounts of the allergen, a process called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a person suffers from hay fever...

Question 16

Refer to the figure showing the body's reaction to a splinter.Once the substance labeled A is released, which will be the next event in the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

A)  The complement proteins labeled A will induce phagocytes to leave the blood vessel. 
B)  The histamines labeled A will cause the blood vessel in the area to dilate and become leaky. 
C)  The growth factors labeled A will cause cell division in the skin for healing. 
D)  The lysozyme labeled A will lyse the bacteria in the wound. 
E)  The interferon labeled A will cause macrophages in the area to kill the bacteria. 
A)  The complement proteins labeled A will induce phagocytes to leave the blood vessel. 
B)  The histamines labeled A will cause the blood vessel in the area to dilate and become leaky. 
C)  The growth factors labeled A will cause cell division in the skin for healing. 
D)  The lysozyme labeled A will lyse the bacteria in the wound. 
E)  The interferon labeled A will cause macrophages in the area to kill the bacteria.

Question 17

Class switching

Accepted Answer

A)  refers to a B cell changing the immunoglobulin class it synthesizes. 
B)  involves deletion of part of the variable region gene cluster. 
C)  refers to a B cell changing the order of V, D, and J regions. 
D)  involves a B cell switching from making IgA to making IgM. 
E)  changes the antigen specificity of a B cell. 
A)  refers to a B cell changing the immunoglobulin class it synthesizes. 
B)  involves deletion of part of the variable region gene cluster. 
C)  refers to a B cell changing the order of V, D, and J regions. 
D)  involves a B cell switching from making IgA to making IgM. 
E)  changes the antigen specificity of a B cell.

Question 18

Also known as white blood cells, _______ play key roles in both innate and adaptive immunity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Also known as white blood cells, _______...

Question 19

If the vaccination rate for hepatitis B virus in a given country is at 60 percent of the population, it is reasonable to conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  "herd immunity" is in place. 
B)  another 10‒20 percent of the population would have to be immunized before the disease is controlled or eradicated. 
C)  transmission to infants will cease. 
D)  older people are extremely unlikely to contract the disease. 
E)  further immunizations will not be cost effective. 
A)  "herd immunity" is in place. 
B)  another 10‒20 percent of the population would have to be immunized before the disease is controlled or eradicated. 
C)  transmission to infants will cease. 
D)  older people are extremely unlikely to contract the disease. 
E)  further immunizations will not be cost effective.

Question 20

In the humoral immune response, a T-helper cell recognizes a foreign antigen presented in an antigen-class II MHC complex on the surface of a macrophage.In the next step of this process, the T-helper cell will produce

Accepted Answer

A)  a clone of B cells. 
B)  a clone of T-helper cells. 
C)  antibodies. 
D)  a clone of cytotoxic T cells. 
E)  a clone of memory cells. 
A)  a clone of B cells. 
B)  a clone of T-helper cells. 
C)  antibodies. 
D)  a clone of cytotoxic T cells. 
E)  a clone of memory cells.

Exam 41: Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Which reaction is the most likely to be a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to an allergen?

If you were vaccinated against measles as a child, you still have immunity to the disease decades later because

Which substance is most likely responsible for fever during inflammation?

Refer to the figure showing different types of hammer. If you compare the hammers to T cell receptors, the heads of the hammers are most analogous to the

Refer to the figure illustrating an immune response to an antigen. The cell labeled "A" is a B lymphocyte and the cell labeled "B" is a(n) _______.These cells are involved in a humoral immune response.

If you come down with a streptococcal bacterial infection that results in your getting strep throat, you are likely to suffer from a fever, sore throat, headache, nausea, and even vomiting.At least one of these symptoms may be useful to your recovery because

Cruise ship passengers find themselves with flu-like symptoms for the first 4-5 days of their trip, but eventually recover and enjoy their trip.Which defense listed is last to be involved in their recovery?

Which characterizes plasma cells?

Which consists primarily of lymphoid tissue?

The major histocompatibility complex

Which statement about interferons is true?

Which characterizes class II MHC proteins?

Which statement is true?

Interferons are a class of _______ that increase the resistance of neighboring cells to infection.

If a person suffers from hay fever due to an allergy to grass pollen, that person can be treated to reduce the allergic response by injections of small amounts of the allergen, a process called _______.

Refer to the figure showing the body's reaction to a splinter.Once the substance labeled A is released, which will be the next event in the inflammatory response?

Class switching

Also known as white blood cells, _______ play key roles in both innate and adaptive immunity.

If the vaccination rate for hepatitis B virus in a given country is at 60 percent of the population, it is reasonable to conclude that

In the humoral immune response, a T-helper cell recognizes a foreign antigen presented in an antigen-class II MHC complex on the surface of a macrophage.In the next step of this process, the T-helper cell will produce

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