Question 1

Which statement about lymph is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is filtered in the lymph nodes. 
B)  It contains fluid derived from blood, but no blood cells. 
C)  It is retained within lymph vessels without traveling in arteries or veins. 
D)  It contains red blood cells. 
E)  It travels primarily in arterioles and venuoles. 
A)  It is filtered in the lymph nodes. 
B)  It contains fluid derived from blood, but no blood cells. 
C)  It is retained within lymph vessels without traveling in arteries or veins. 
D)  It contains red blood cells. 
E)  It travels primarily in arterioles and venuoles.

Question 2

An allergen

Accepted Answer

A)  is an antigen capable of stimulating immediate hypersensitivity. 
B)  stimulates production of IgA by intestinal cells. 
C)  stimulates production of IgE by T cells. 
D)  stimulates release of histamine by natural killer cells. 
E)  results in delayed hypersensitivity when there is no immediate immune response. 
A)  is an antigen capable of stimulating immediate hypersensitivity. 
B)  stimulates production of IgA by intestinal cells. 
C)  stimulates production of IgE by T cells. 
D)  stimulates release of histamine by natural killer cells. 
E)  results in delayed hypersensitivity when there is no immediate immune response.

Question 3

Describe the part of an antibody molecule that interacts with an antigen.How is it similar to the active site of an enzyme? How does it differ from the active site of an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

The antigen-binding site of an antibody

Question 4

Which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vaccination initiates a primary immune response but does not cause disease. 
B)  Heat-killed pathogens can be injected as a vaccination against certain diseases. 
C)  Before a virus is included in a vaccine, it is modified to make it inactive or less virulent. 
D)  Vaccination generates memory cells. 
E)  Vaccination introduces antibodies into the body in a form that does not cause disease. 
A)  Vaccination initiates a primary immune response but does not cause disease. 
B)  Heat-killed pathogens can be injected as a vaccination against certain diseases. 
C)  Before a virus is included in a vaccine, it is modified to make it inactive or less virulent. 
D)  Vaccination generates memory cells. 
E)  Vaccination introduces antibodies into the body in a form that does not cause disease.

Question 5

Draw a graph showing the concentrations of HIV and T cells at 2 weeks, 2 months, 2 years, and 10 years as an untreated person infected with HIV develops AIDS.

Accepted Answer

See the an

Question 6

Refer to the graph showing a typical progression of an untreated HIV infection in a human.The x axis represents time, but the scale differs in different subsections.   What is the typical length of time between point A and point B?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the graph showing a typical...

Question 7

Which cell is a leukocyte?

Accepted Answer

A)  Platelet 
B)  Red blood cell 
C)  Dendritic cell 
D)  Neuron 
E)  Bone cell 
A)  Platelet 
B)  Red blood cell 
C)  Dendritic cell 
D)  Neuron 
E)  Bone cell

Question 8

Which statement about memory cells is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Division produces memory cells but not effector cells. 
B)  They live for shorter periods of time than effector cells. 
C)  They are responsible for the rapidity and efficiency of secondary immune responses. 
D)  They are produced during clonal deletion. 
E)  They divide at a rapid rate when not responding to an immunological challenge. 
A)  Division produces memory cells but not effector cells. 
B)  They live for shorter periods of time than effector cells. 
C)  They are responsible for the rapidity and efficiency of secondary immune responses. 
D)  They are produced during clonal deletion. 
E)  They divide at a rapid rate when not responding to an immunological challenge.

Question 9

Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autoimmunity always results from a reaction to self antigens by the cellular, but not the humoral, immune system. 
B)  Failure of clonal deletion is a potential cause of autoimmunity. 
C)  Systemic lupus erythematosis is an immune deficiency disorder in which B cells lose the ability to give rise to plasma cells. 
D)  People with rheumatoid arthritis have an excess of a protein that blocks T cells from reacting to self antigens. 
E)  Type I diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results in cells losing their ability to respond to insulin. 
A)  Autoimmunity always results from a reaction to self antigens by the cellular, but not the humoral, immune system. 
B)  Failure of clonal deletion is a potential cause of autoimmunity. 
C)  Systemic lupus erythematosis is an immune deficiency disorder in which B cells lose the ability to give rise to plasma cells. 
D)  People with rheumatoid arthritis have an excess of a protein that blocks T cells from reacting to self antigens. 
E)  Type I diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results in cells losing their ability to respond to insulin.

Question 10

Defensins, which are toxic to a wide range of pathogens, are produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  lymph nodes. 
B)  mast cells. 
C)  bone marrow. 
D)  mucous membranes. 
E)  the thymus. 
A)  lymph nodes. 
B)  mast cells. 
C)  bone marrow. 
D)  mucous membranes. 
E)  the thymus.

Question 11

Refer to the figure below.   If you are injected with an inactivated poliovirus as a vaccine against polio, the free antigens this introduces into the blood will be bound by the molecule shown in B, which is a(n) _______ , which will begin the process of creating an immunity to the virus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure below.  ...

Question 12

Draw a flowchart depicting the body's three lines of defense: the first line of innate mechanisms, the second line of innate mechanisms, and the third line of adaptive mechanisms.Within each of the three lines of defense, include the component mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

See the an

Question 13

Refer to the figure showing an immunology experiment.   Guinea pig number 4 survived exposure to diphtheria toxin most likely because it received _______ against the toxin from the injection of blood serum from guinea pig number 3.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure showing an immunology...

Question 14

Cytotoxic T cells

Accepted Answer

A)  activate B lymphocytes. 
B)  can kill cancer cells and virus-infected cells. 
C)  have receptors that bind to specific antibodies. 
D)  coordinate humoral and cellular immune responses. 
E)  function primarily in the humoral immune response. 
A)  activate B lymphocytes. 
B)  can kill cancer cells and virus-infected cells. 
C)  have receptors that bind to specific antibodies. 
D)  coordinate humoral and cellular immune responses. 
E)  function primarily in the humoral immune response.

Question 15

Which statement about the complement system is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It consists of fewer than 10 different proteins. 
B)  It is found in all organisms with an immune system. 
C)  It lyses invading cells. 
D)  It consists of highly folded membranes that capture pathogens. 
E)  It functions within blood vessels rather than tissues to attract phagocytes. 
A)  It consists of fewer than 10 different proteins. 
B)  It is found in all organisms with an immune system. 
C)  It lyses invading cells. 
D)  It consists of highly folded membranes that capture pathogens. 
E)  It functions within blood vessels rather than tissues to attract phagocytes.

Question 16

Which reaction is involved in an immune adaptive response after exposure to a pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in lysozyme production 
B)  Inflammation at the site of exposure 
C)  Increased flow of mucus 
D)  Recognition of infected cells by T cells 
E)  Phagocytosis of the pathogen is observed 
A)  An increase in lysozyme production 
B)  Inflammation at the site of exposure 
C)  Increased flow of mucus 
D)  Recognition of infected cells by T cells 
E)  Phagocytosis of the pathogen is observed

Question 17

Which of these cells mature in the thymus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Red blood cells 
B)  B lymphocytes 
C)  Tregs 
D)  Macrophages 
E)  Plasma cells 
A)  Red blood cells 
B)  B lymphocytes 
C)  Tregs 
D)  Macrophages 
E)  Plasma cells

Question 18

Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells stimulate T-helper cells to divide. 
B)  When an antigen binds to a parent B cell, all the descendent B cells produce antibodies that are specific for that antigen. 
C)  Antigens belong to a class of proteins called immunoglobulins. 
D)  All immunoglobulins are made up of one light and two heavy polypeptide chains. 
E)  Peptide bonds hold the polypeptide chains of immunoglobulins together. 
A)  B cells stimulate T-helper cells to divide. 
B)  When an antigen binds to a parent B cell, all the descendent B cells produce antibodies that are specific for that antigen. 
C)  Antigens belong to a class of proteins called immunoglobulins. 
D)  All immunoglobulins are made up of one light and two heavy polypeptide chains. 
E)  Peptide bonds hold the polypeptide chains of immunoglobulins together.

Question 19

If a person is allergic to horse dander, what treatment might mitigate their allergy so that they could stop reacting to horse dander?

Accepted Answer

Getting small amounts of horse dander in

Question 20

Discuss the diversity of antibody specificities in an individual in relation to the diversity of enzymes.Does every cell in an animal contain genetic information for all the organism's enzymes? Does every cell contain genetic information for all the organism's immunoglobulins?

Accepted Answer

There are thousands of different enzymes

Exam 41: Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Which statement about lymph is true?

An allergen

Describe the part of an antibody molecule that interacts with an antigen.How is it similar to the active site of an enzyme? How does it differ from the active site of an enzyme?

Which statement is false?

Draw a graph showing the concentrations of HIV and T cells at 2 weeks, 2 months, 2 years, and 10 years as an untreated person infected with HIV develops AIDS.

Refer to the graph showing a typical progression of an untreated HIV infection in a human.The x axis represents time, but the scale differs in different subsections. What is the typical length of time between point A and point B?

Which cell is a leukocyte?

Which statement about memory cells is true?

Which statement is true?

Defensins, which are toxic to a wide range of pathogens, are produced by

Refer to the figure below. If you are injected with an inactivated poliovirus as a vaccine against polio, the free antigens this introduces into the blood will be bound by the molecule shown in B, which is a(n) _______ , which will begin the process of creating an immunity to the virus.

Draw a flowchart depicting the body's three lines of defense: the first line of innate mechanisms, the second line of innate mechanisms, and the third line of adaptive mechanisms.Within each of the three lines of defense, include the component mechanisms.

Refer to the figure showing an immunology experiment. Guinea pig number 4 survived exposure to diphtheria toxin most likely because it received _______ against the toxin from the injection of blood serum from guinea pig number 3.

Cytotoxic T cells

Which statement about the complement system is true?

Which reaction is involved in an immune adaptive response after exposure to a pathogen?

Which of these cells mature in the thymus?

Which statement is true?

If a person is allergic to horse dander, what treatment might mitigate their allergy so that they could stop reacting to horse dander?

Discuss the diversity of antibody specificities in an individual in relation to the diversity of enzymes.Does every cell in an animal contain genetic information for all the organism's enzymes? Does every cell contain genetic information for all the organism's immunoglobulins?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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