Question 1

In a growing DNA strand, to which carbon of the deoxyribose is each monomer added?

Accepted Answer

A)  1ʹ 
B)  2ʹ 
C)  3ʹ 
D)  4ʹ 
E)  5ʹ 
A)  1ʹ 
B)  2ʹ 
C)  3ʹ 
D)  4ʹ 
E)  5ʹ

Question 2

The Hershey and Chase blender experiment persuaded most scientists that

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria can be transformed. 
B)  DNA contains phosphorus. 
C)  DNA replication is semiconservative. 
D)  the transforming substance requires host factors. 
E)  DNA is the carrier of hereditary information in bacteriophages. 
A)  bacteria can be transformed. 
B)  DNA contains phosphorus. 
C)  DNA replication is semiconservative. 
D)  the transforming substance requires host factors. 
E)  DNA is the carrier of hereditary information in bacteriophages.

Question 3

The repetitive sequences at the ends of many chromosomes are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The repetitive sequences at the ends of...

Question 4

Differentiate between proofreading, mismatch repair, and excision repair.Which of these repair mechanisms is responsible for repairing a mutation that occurs in a skin cell from overexposure to the sun?

Accepted Answer

Proofreading occurs during synthesis of

Question 5

What joins Okazaki fragments together?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase 
B)  DNA ligase 
C)  DNA helicase 
D)  The leading strand 
E)  The lagging strand 
A)  DNA polymerase 
B)  DNA ligase 
C)  DNA helicase 
D)  The leading strand 
E)  The lagging strand

Question 6

Which enzyme is required for PCR amplification of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA ligase 
B)  DNA helicase 
C)  Telomerase 
D)  DNA polymerase 
E)  A sliding DNA clamp 
A)  DNA ligase 
B)  DNA helicase 
C)  Telomerase 
D)  DNA polymerase 
E)  A sliding DNA clamp

Question 7

Griffith's experiment with pneumococcus demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA, not protein, is the genetic molecule. 
B)  a substance from one organism can alter heritable characteristics of another organism. 
C)  smooth bacteria can survive heating. 
D)  rough bacteria can survive heating. 
E)  bacteria must have rough capsules to be virulent. 
A)  DNA, not protein, is the genetic molecule. 
B)  a substance from one organism can alter heritable characteristics of another organism. 
C)  smooth bacteria can survive heating. 
D)  rough bacteria can survive heating. 
E)  bacteria must have rough capsules to be virulent.

Question 8

If a high concentration of a particular nucleotide lacking a hydroxyl group at the 3ʹ end is added to a PCR reaction,

Accepted Answer

A)  a strand containing that nucleotide will cease to elongate. 
B)  strand elongation will proceed as normal. 
C)  nucleotides will be added only at the 5ʹ end. 
D)  Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase will become nonfunctional. 
E)  the primer will be unable to anneal with the DNA template. 
A)  a strand containing that nucleotide will cease to elongate. 
B)  strand elongation will proceed as normal. 
C)  nucleotides will be added only at the 5ʹ end. 
D)  Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase will become nonfunctional. 
E)  the primer will be unable to anneal with the DNA template.

Question 9

Which molecular model describes the structure of the DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Single-stranded and antiparallel 
B)  Double-stranded and antiparallel 
C)  Single-stranded and parallel 
D)  Double-stranded and parallel 
E)  Triple-stranded and parallel 
A)  Single-stranded and antiparallel 
B)  Double-stranded and antiparallel 
C)  Single-stranded and parallel 
D)  Double-stranded and parallel 
E)  Triple-stranded and parallel

Question 10

To prove that DNA is the transforming substance, Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty demonstrated that DNA could transform nonvirulent strains of pneumococcus.The definitive evidence for transformation was

Accepted Answer

A)  enzymes that destroy proteins also destroy transforming activity. 
B)  the transformed R bacteria passed on the virulence trait to daughter cells. 
C)  enzymes that destroy complex carbohydrates also destroy transforming activity. 
D)  the transforming activity is destroyed by boiling. 
E)  other strains of bacteria also can be transformed successfully. 
A)  enzymes that destroy proteins also destroy transforming activity. 
B)  the transformed R bacteria passed on the virulence trait to daughter cells. 
C)  enzymes that destroy complex carbohydrates also destroy transforming activity. 
D)  the transforming activity is destroyed by boiling. 
E)  other strains of bacteria also can be transformed successfully.

Question 11

In DNA replication, a sliding DNA clamp

Accepted Answer

A)  increases the number of nucleotides that can be polymerized at one time. 
B)  holds open the two strands of the DNA molecule for access to the bonds. 
C)  slides forward, separating additional strands of the DNA molecule. 
D)  temporarily holds the nucleotides together until phosphodiester bonds can form. 
E)  unwinds the double helix to allow DNA polymerase to bind. 
A)  increases the number of nucleotides that can be polymerized at one time. 
B)  holds open the two strands of the DNA molecule for access to the bonds. 
C)  slides forward, separating additional strands of the DNA molecule. 
D)  temporarily holds the nucleotides together until phosphodiester bonds can form. 
E)  unwinds the double helix to allow DNA polymerase to bind.

Question 12

Experiments designed to identify the transforming substance were based on

Accepted Answer

A)  purifying each of the macromolecule types from a cell-free extract. 
B)  removing each of the macromolecules from a cell, then testing its type. 
C)  selectively destroying the different macromolecules in a cell-free extract. 
D)  adding different macromolecules from a cell. 
E)  straining out the different macromolecules in a cell-free extract. 
A)  purifying each of the macromolecule types from a cell-free extract. 
B)  removing each of the macromolecules from a cell, then testing its type. 
C)  selectively destroying the different macromolecules in a cell-free extract. 
D)  adding different macromolecules from a cell. 
E)  straining out the different macromolecules in a cell-free extract.

Question 13

According to Chargaff's rule, if 22 percent of the nitrogenous bases of a double-stranded molecule of DNA are C, then _______ percent will be T.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Chargaff's rule, if 22 percent...

Question 14

An individual inherits two defective copies of the MLH1 gene, a protein involved in mismatch repair of DNA during its replication.What do you predict will be the consequences of deficient mismatch repair upon DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fidelity of DNA polymerase activity will be decreased. 
B)  Mismatched nucleotides will no longer be detected by the replication complex. 
C)  Ligase will not be able to repair nicks in the DNA. 
D)  The excision repair proteins will no longer function. 
E)  A higher frequency of mutations will become fixed in the newly synthesized strand. 
A)  The fidelity of DNA polymerase activity will be decreased. 
B)  Mismatched nucleotides will no longer be detected by the replication complex. 
C)  Ligase will not be able to repair nicks in the DNA. 
D)  The excision repair proteins will no longer function. 
E)  A higher frequency of mutations will become fixed in the newly synthesized strand.

Question 15

Semiconservative replication of DNA involves

Accepted Answer

A)  each of the original strands acting as a template for a new strand. 
B)  only one of the original strands acting as a template for a new strand. 
C)  the complete separation of the original strands, the synthesis of new strands, and the reassembly of double-stranded molecules. 
D)  the use of the intact double-stranded molecule as a template. 
E)  the synthesis of DNA without a template. 
A)  each of the original strands acting as a template for a new strand. 
B)  only one of the original strands acting as a template for a new strand. 
C)  the complete separation of the original strands, the synthesis of new strands, and the reassembly of double-stranded molecules. 
D)  the use of the intact double-stranded molecule as a template. 
E)  the synthesis of DNA without a template.

Question 16

RNA primers are necessary in DNA synthesis because

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase is unable to initiate replication without an origin. 
B)  the DNA polymerase enzyme requires the 5ʹ (-OH) end of an existing strand to catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotides. 
C)  RNA primase is the first enzyme in the replication complex. 
D)  primers mark the sites where helicase has to unwind the DNA. 
E)  the DNA polymerase enzyme requires the 3ʹ (-OH) end of an existing strand to catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotides. 
A)  DNA polymerase is unable to initiate replication without an origin. 
B)  the DNA polymerase enzyme requires the 5ʹ (-OH) end of an existing strand to catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotides. 
C)  RNA primase is the first enzyme in the replication complex. 
D)  primers mark the sites where helicase has to unwind the DNA. 
E)  the DNA polymerase enzyme requires the 3ʹ (-OH) end of an existing strand to catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotides.

Question 17

What effect would a primase inhibitor have on DNA replication?
a. DNA polymerase would not be able to add bases to the DNA.
b. DNA polymerase would not be able to use DNA as a template.
c. Primase would be blocked from joining the DNA replication complex.
d. Primase would not be able to provide primers for DNA polymerases.
e. There would be no effect on DNA replication.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What effect would a primase inhibitor have...

Question 18

DNA replication in eukaryotes differs from replication in bacteria because

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 to 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 in eukaryotes and from 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 to 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 in bacteria. 
B)  synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 to 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 in eukaryotes and from 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 to 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 in bacteria. 
C)  there are multiple replication forks in each eukaryotic chromosome and only two in bacterial DNA. 
D)  synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 to 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 in eukaryotes and is random in prokaryotes. 
E)  Okazaki fragments are produced in eukaryotic DNA replication but not in prokaryotic DNA replication. 
A)  synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 to 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 in eukaryotes and from 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 to 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 in bacteria. 
B)  synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 to 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 in eukaryotes and from 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 to 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 in bacteria. 
C)  there are multiple replication forks in each eukaryotic chromosome and only two in bacterial DNA. 
D)  synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 to 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 in eukaryotes and is random in prokaryotes. 
E)  Okazaki fragments are produced in eukaryotic DNA replication but not in prokaryotic DNA replication.

Question 19

Refer to the figure, showing two culture plates.   A researcher transfects bacteria with a gene that does not confer a selectable phenotype, so he also includes a gene for resistance to the antibiotic neomycin on a separate DNA strand.After the transfection, the researcher divides the culture into two equal fractions.Fraction 1 is spread onto a plate without neomycin (Plate A), and fraction 2 is spread onto a plate with neomycin (Plate B).Considering both plates, how many colonies in total are composed of bacteria that have been successfully transfected?

Accepted Answer

A)  15 
B)  20 
C)  5 
D)  10 
E)  The total cannot be determined. 
A)  15 
B)  20 
C)  5 
D)  10 
E)  The total cannot be determined.

Question 20

In the Meselson-Stahl experiment, the dispersive model of DNA replication was ruled out by which observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  All of the DNA at the end of the second generation was of intermediate density. 
B)  All of the DNA at the end of the second generation was heavy. 
C)  There were three bands of DNA at the end of the second generation, all with different densities. 
D)  After two generations, half of the DNA was intermediate and half light. 
E)  After two generations, half of the DNA was intermediate and half heavy. 
A)  All of the DNA at the end of the second generation was of intermediate density. 
B)  All of the DNA at the end of the second generation was heavy. 
C)  There were three bands of DNA at the end of the second generation, all with different densities. 
D)  After two generations, half of the DNA was intermediate and half light. 
E)  After two generations, half of the DNA was intermediate and half heavy.

Exam 13: Dna and Its Role in Heredity

In a growing DNA strand, to which carbon of the deoxyribose is each monomer added?

The Hershey and Chase blender experiment persuaded most scientists that

The repetitive sequences at the ends of many chromosomes are called _______.

Differentiate between proofreading, mismatch repair, and excision repair.Which of these repair mechanisms is responsible for repairing a mutation that occurs in a skin cell from overexposure to the sun?

What joins Okazaki fragments together?

Which enzyme is required for PCR amplification of DNA?

Griffith's experiment with pneumococcus demonstrated that

If a high concentration of a particular nucleotide lacking a hydroxyl group at the 3ʹ end is added to a PCR reaction,

Which molecular model describes the structure of the DNA molecule?

To prove that DNA is the transforming substance, Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty demonstrated that DNA could transform nonvirulent strains of pneumococcus.The definitive evidence for transformation was

In DNA replication, a sliding DNA clamp

Experiments designed to identify the transforming substance were based on

According to Chargaff's rule, if 22 percent of the nitrogenous bases of a double-stranded molecule of DNA are C, then _______ percent will be T.

An individual inherits two defective copies of the MLH1 gene, a protein involved in mismatch repair of DNA during its replication.What do you predict will be the consequences of deficient mismatch repair upon DNA replication?

Semiconservative replication of DNA involves

RNA primers are necessary in DNA synthesis because

DNA replication in eukaryotes differs from replication in bacteria because

In the Meselson-Stahl experiment, the dispersive model of DNA replication was ruled out by which observation?

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