Question 1

The enzyme DNA ligase is required continuously during DNA replication in order for

Accepted Answer

A)  fragments of the leading strand to be joined together. 
B)  fragments of the lagging strand to be joined together. 
C)  the parental strands to be joined back together. 
D)  3ʹ-deoxynucleoside triphosphates to be converted to 5ʹ-deoxynucleoside triphosphates. 
E)  the complex of proteins that work together at the replication fork to remain intact. 
A)  fragments of the leading strand to be joined together. 
B)  fragments of the lagging strand to be joined together. 
C)  the parental strands to be joined back together. 
D)  3ʹ-deoxynucleoside triphosphates to be converted to 5ʹ-deoxynucleoside triphosphates. 
E)  the complex of proteins that work together at the replication fork to remain intact.

Question 2

Mismatch repair differs from the other types of DNA repair in that it

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs as the DNA is being replicated. 
B)  requires double-stranded DNA. 
C)  reduces the mutation rate. 
D)  corrects changes made to bases, such as the formation of dimers. 
E)  occurs only in prokaryotes. 
A)  occurs as the DNA is being replicated. 
B)  requires double-stranded DNA. 
C)  reduces the mutation rate. 
D)  corrects changes made to bases, such as the formation of dimers. 
E)  occurs only in prokaryotes.

Question 3

PCR is commonly used in research, forensics, and for the diagnosis of pathogens and genetic diseases.A commercial standardized diagnostic PCR test has been developed that uses one set of primers to amplify a short DNA template.For which of the following scenarios would such a standardized PCR test be most appropriate:

Accepted Answer

A)  Identifying a suspect using hair found at the site of a robbery. 
B)  Testing for the presence of the bacteria Shigella in a water supply. 
C)  Testing, generally, for bacterial, fungal, and amoebic contamination of a water supply. 
D)  Isolation of the full myoglobin gene from a large piece of muscle. 
E)  Using a fecal sample to determine which dog is off leash in the neighborhood. 
A)  Identifying a suspect using hair found at the site of a robbery. 
B)  Testing for the presence of the bacteria Shigella in a water supply. 
C)  Testing, generally, for bacterial, fungal, and amoebic contamination of a water supply. 
D)  Isolation of the full myoglobin gene from a large piece of muscle. 
E)  Using a fecal sample to determine which dog is off leash in the neighborhood.

Question 4

Researchers can use PCR to introduce mutations in a gene.To do so, they can use a DNA primer that has one or more incorrect nucleotides.A low annealing temperature will allow the primer to anneal with the DNA and, if there are complementary base pairings at the 3ʹ end of the primer, initiate DNA polymerase activity.Why are these errors not corrected during PCR?

Accepted Answer

The PCR solution doe

Question 5

The "antiparallel relationship" of the two strands of DNA refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the twisted configuration of the strands. 
B)  the alternative branching pattern of the strands. 
C)  the alignment of the strands, such that one strand starts with a 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 carbon and the other starts with a 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 carbon. 
D)  the view at one end of the molecule-one strand has an A wherever the other has a T, and one has a G wherever the other has a C. 
E)  which strand begins with a purine and which strand begins with a pyrimidine. 
A)  the twisted configuration of the strands. 
B)  the alternative branching pattern of the strands. 
C)  the alignment of the strands, such that one strand starts with a 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 carbon and the other starts with a 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 carbon. 
D)  the view at one end of the molecule-one strand has an A wherever the other has a T, and one has a G wherever the other has a C. 
E)  which strand begins with a purine and which strand begins with a pyrimidine.

Question 6

How many strands are used as a template in semiconservative replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  3 
E)  1 or 2 
A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  3 
E)  1 or 2

Question 7

The short "starter" strand used in DNA replication is called the _______; in most organisms it is made up of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  template; DNA 
B)  template; RNA 
C)  primer; DNA 
D)  primer; RNA 
E)  Okazaki fragment; DNA 
A)  template; DNA 
B)  template; RNA 
C)  primer; DNA 
D)  primer; RNA 
E)  Okazaki fragment; DNA

Question 8

Starting with a single double-stranded DNA molecule, _______ double-stranded DNA molecules will be created after five rounds of PCR (assuming that the PCR works perfectly).

Accepted Answer

A)  5 
B)  10 
C)  16 
D)  32 
E)  1,024 
A)  5 
B)  10 
C)  16 
D)  32 
E)  1,024

Question 9

The region of DNA where replication begins is called the _______.

Accepted Answer

origin of

Question 10

If DNA polymerase III introduces an incorrect nucleotide, what is the first corrective action made by the DNA repair system?
a. The mismatch repair system scans for base-pairing mismatches.
b. The excision repair proteins remove the incorrect nucleotide.
c. DNA ligase connects the correct nucleotide.
d. The replication complex excises the incorrect nucleotide.
e. There is no correction, because nucleotide errors by DNA polymerases are not repaired.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If DNA polymerase III introduces an incorrect...

Question 11

Explain how the experiment of Avery and colleagues ruled out protein and RNA as the transforming substance and suggested that DNA was the genetic material.

Accepted Answer

Even after the transforming substance wa

Question 12

The DNA binding dye that was developed about 100 years ago (and is now called Feulgen stain) binds to DNA and stains nuclei a bright purple in direct proportion to the amount of DNA present in cells.As a consequence of this property, the dye revealed that gametes have _______ DNA as somatic cells have.

Accepted Answer

A)  one-third as much 
B)  one-half as much 
C)  as much 
D)  twice as much 
E)  four times as much 
A)  one-third as much 
B)  one-half as much 
C)  as much 
D)  twice as much 
E)  four times as much

Question 13

The strand of DNA that grows continuously as the replication fork opens up is known as the _______ strand.

Accepted Answer

A)  leading 
B)  lagging 
C)  primer 
D)  template 
E)  Okazaki 
A)  leading 
B)  lagging 
C)  primer 
D)  template 
E)  Okazaki

Question 14

To replicate their DNA in a timely manner, most eukaryotic chromosomes
a. contain linear molecules of single-stranded DNA.
b. normally have uncoiled DNA.
c. have multiple origins of replication.
d. have two replication forks that move in the same direction.
e. are composed entirely of DNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To replicate their DNA in a timely...

Question 15

Information sources used by Watson and Crick to determine the structure of DNA included

Accepted Answer

A)  electron micrographs of individual DNA molecules. 
B)  light micrographs of bacteriophage particles. 
C)  light micrographs of individual bacterial chromosomes. 
D)  nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of DNA. 
E)  X-ray crystallography of double-stranded DNA. 
A)  electron micrographs of individual DNA molecules. 
B)  light micrographs of bacteriophage particles. 
C)  light micrographs of individual bacterial chromosomes. 
D)  nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of DNA. 
E)  X-ray crystallography of double-stranded DNA.

Question 16

Refer to the figure, which illustrates the chemical structure of DNA.   Which label corresponds to a 3ʹ end?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 17

DNA production during PCR can be calculated by the rule of 2n, where n equals the number of rounds of amplification.About how many rounds of PCR are required to produce a billion DNA molecules from a single molecule, assuming that the PCR works perfectly?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  20 
C)  30 
D)  100 
E)  1,000 
A)  10 
B)  20 
C)  30 
D)  100 
E)  1,000

Question 18

Which three major properties of genes can be attributed to the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  They contain information, direct the synthesis of proteins, and are contained in the cell nucleus. 
B)  They contain nitrogenous bases, direct the synthesis of RNA, and are contained in the cell nucleus. 
C)  They replicate exactly, are contained in the cell nucleus, and direct the synthesis of cellular proteins. 
D)  They encode the organism's phenotype, are passed on from one generation to the next, and contain nitrogenous bases. 
E)  They contain information, replicate exactly, and can change to produce a mutation. 
A)  They contain information, direct the synthesis of proteins, and are contained in the cell nucleus. 
B)  They contain nitrogenous bases, direct the synthesis of RNA, and are contained in the cell nucleus. 
C)  They replicate exactly, are contained in the cell nucleus, and direct the synthesis of cellular proteins. 
D)  They encode the organism's phenotype, are passed on from one generation to the next, and contain nitrogenous bases. 
E)  They contain information, replicate exactly, and can change to produce a mutation.

Question 19

Ideally, PCR _______ increases the amount of DNA during additional cycles.

Accepted Answer

A)  semiconservatively 
B)  gradually 
C)  linearly 
D)  systematically 
E)  exponentially 
A)  semiconservatively 
B)  gradually 
C)  linearly 
D)  systematically 
E)  exponentially

Question 20

In Griffith's experiment, some substance from heat-killed S-type cells resulted in _______ of R-type cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Griffith's experiment, some substance from heat-killed...

Exam 13: Dna and Its Role in Heredity

The enzyme DNA ligase is required continuously during DNA replication in order for

Mismatch repair differs from the other types of DNA repair in that it

The "antiparallel relationship" of the two strands of DNA refers to

How many strands are used as a template in semiconservative replication?

The short "starter" strand used in DNA replication is called the _______; in most organisms it is made up of _______.

Starting with a single double-stranded DNA molecule, _______ double-stranded DNA molecules will be created after five rounds of PCR (assuming that the PCR works perfectly).

The region of DNA where replication begins is called the _______.

Explain how the experiment of Avery and colleagues ruled out protein and RNA as the transforming substance and suggested that DNA was the genetic material.

The strand of DNA that grows continuously as the replication fork opens up is known as the _______ strand.

To replicate their DNA in a timely manner, most eukaryotic chromosomes a. contain linear molecules of single-stranded DNA. b. normally have uncoiled DNA. c. have multiple origins of replication. d. have two replication forks that move in the same direction. e. are composed entirely of DNA.

Information sources used by Watson and Crick to determine the structure of DNA included

Refer to the figure, which illustrates the chemical structure of DNA. Which label corresponds to a 3ʹ end?

DNA production during PCR can be calculated by the rule of 2n, where n equals the number of rounds of amplification.About how many rounds of PCR are required to produce a billion DNA molecules from a single molecule, assuming that the PCR works perfectly?

Which three major properties of genes can be attributed to the structure of DNA?

Ideally, PCR _______ increases the amount of DNA during additional cycles.

In Griffith's experiment, some substance from heat-killed S-type cells resulted in _______ of R-type cells.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

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Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

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The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

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Animal Behavior

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Filters

The short "starter" strand used in DNA replication is called the _; in most organisms it is made up of _.

DNA production during PCR can be calculated by the rule of 2ⁿ, where n equals the number of rounds of amplification.About how many rounds of PCR are required to produce a billion DNA molecules from a single molecule, assuming that the PCR works perfectly?