Exam 9: Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Metabolic pathways can be controlled through the availability of enzymes and modulation of their catalytic activities.Enzyme availability can be regulated via _______, while enzyme activity is commonly regulated via _______.

Refer to the figure below, showing the exergonic reaction that links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. Which statement about the molecules participating in this cellular reaction is correct?

Which statement regarding glycolysis is true?

"Anaerobic conditions" means that there is an absence of

Refer to the table showing the products from the complete oxidation of glucose and the complete oxidation of palmitic acid (a fatty acid). The label "X" should be replaced with _______.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase is considered a main control point in the citric acid cycle because it is

Refer to the graph below. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is normally expressed in fat cells, but not in skeletal muscle cells.A research team created transgenic mice that expressed UCP1 in skeletal muscle.They took cell samples from the leg muscles of wild-type and transgenic mice and measured ATP synthesis in their mitochondria.The results are shown in the graph.If these researchers had measured heat output in these samples, they likely would have observed (more/less) _______ heat output from the transgenic mice than from the wild-type mice.

The electron transport chain

A recently identified organism produces methane when provided with glucose in the absence of oxygen.This means the organism is

The conversion of malate to oxaloacetate in the citric acid cycle takes place with the conversion of NAD⁺ to NADH.In this reaction, NAD⁺ is a(n)

Which statement best describes how key molecules are regenerated to allow continued metabolism in a cell?

Draw a diagram to illustrate the main features of the citric acid cycle.In your diagram, include the overall shape of the pathway as well as the inputs and outputs.

What is an example of anabolic interconversion?

The component of aerobic respiration that produces the most ATP per mole of glucose is

The types of chemical reactions involved in the aerobic breakdown of glucose by a cell include

Rotenone is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I.If you were to treat isolated mitochondria with rotenone, what would happen to ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation?

Which sequence represents a possible path of a carbon atom as it moves through a catabolic series of reactions in a cell?

Refer to the figure below. A student made this diagram as a study guide for learning the steps involved in the aerobic catabolism of glucose.One step could be added to better illustrate these steps.Which step should be added?

Refer to the table below, which summarizes similarities and differences between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle in animal cells. A student prepared this table as an aid to her study of these metabolic processes.Which statement best evaluates the accuracy of the student's work?

The formation of glucose from glycolytic and citric acid intermediates is called _______.