Question 1

Pyruvate oxidation to acetyl CoA is a complex reaction because

Accepted Answer

A)  it is located in the mitochondrial matrix. 
B)  it is a multistep chemical reaction involving five different coenzymes and 60 individual proteins. 
C)  it involves the transfer of acetyl CoA to oxaloacetate. 
D)  one pyruvate molecule is oxidized to another three-carbon compound. 
E)  it requires the input of energy. 
A)  it is located in the mitochondrial matrix. 
B)  it is a multistep chemical reaction involving five different coenzymes and 60 individual proteins. 
C)  it involves the transfer of acetyl CoA to oxaloacetate. 
D)  one pyruvate molecule is oxidized to another three-carbon compound. 
E)  it requires the input of energy.

Question 2

NADH

Accepted Answer

A)  is a key electron carrier in redox reactions. 
B)  requires O2 to function. 
C)  is found only in prokaryotes. 
D)  binds with an acetyl group to form acetyl CoA. 
E)  detoxifies hydrogen peroxide. 
A)  is a key electron carrier in redox reactions. 
B)  requires O2 to function. 
C)  is found only in prokaryotes. 
D)  binds with an acetyl group to form acetyl CoA. 
E)  detoxifies hydrogen peroxide.

Question 3

The oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate is coupled to the reduction of NAD+ to NADH + H+.In this process, NAD+ is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  reducing agent. 
B)  oxidizing agent. 
C)  vitamin. 
D)  phosphate ester. 
E)  phosphorylating agent. 
A)  reducing agent. 
B)  oxidizing agent. 
C)  vitamin. 
D)  phosphate ester. 
E)  phosphorylating agent.

Question 4

Bacteria that are shifted from an oxygen-rich environment to an anaerobic environment can continue to grow rapidly only if they

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the rate of the citric acid cycle. 
B)  produce more ATP per mole of glucose during glycolysis. 
C)  produce ATP during the oxidation of NADH. 
D)  increase the rate of transport of electrons down the respiratory chain. 
E)  increase the rate of the glycolytic reactions. 
A)  increase the rate of the citric acid cycle. 
B)  produce more ATP per mole of glucose during glycolysis. 
C)  produce ATP during the oxidation of NADH. 
D)  increase the rate of transport of electrons down the respiratory chain. 
E)  increase the rate of the glycolytic reactions.

Question 5

When a molecule loses hydrogen atoms (as opposed to hydrogen ions), it becomes

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced. 
B)  oxidized. 
C)  redoxed. 
D)  hydrogenated. 
E)  hydrolyzed. 
A)  reduced. 
B)  oxidized. 
C)  redoxed. 
D)  hydrogenated. 
E)  hydrolyzed.

Question 6

Substrate-level phosphorylation is used to produce ATP in the absence of O2.This process depends on _______ to regenerate NAD+.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis 
B)  fermentation 
C)  chemiosmosis 
D)  proteolysis 
E)  pyruvate oxidation 
A)  glycolysis 
B)  fermentation 
C)  chemiosmosis 
D)  proteolysis 
E)  pyruvate oxidation

Exam 9: Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Pyruvate oxidation to acetyl CoA is a complex reaction because

NADH

The oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate is coupled to the reduction of NAD+ to NADH + H+.In this process, NAD+ is a(n)

Bacteria that are shifted from an oxygen-rich environment to an anaerobic environment can continue to grow rapidly only if they

When a molecule loses hydrogen atoms (as opposed to hydrogen ions), it becomes

Substrate-level phosphorylation is used to produce ATP in the absence of O2.This process depends on _______ to regenerate NAD+.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

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Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

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A Changing Biosphere

Filters

The oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate is coupled to the reduction of NAD⁺ to NADH + H⁺.In this process, NAD⁺ is a(n)

Substrate-level phosphorylation is used to produce ATP in the absence of O₂.This process depends on _______ to regenerate NAD+.