Question 1

The oxidation of acetyl CoA to CO2 takes place in the _______ cycle.

Accepted Answer

Question 2

Which is required for wine production?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plant cells devoid of sugar 
B)  An aerobic environment 
C)  Purified chloroplasts only 
D)  Yeast and a source of glucose 
E)  Lactic acid fermentation from glucose 
A)  Plant cells devoid of sugar 
B)  An aerobic environment 
C)  Purified chloroplasts only 
D)  Yeast and a source of glucose 
E)  Lactic acid fermentation from glucose

Question 3

In the citric acid cycle, isocitrate dehydrogenase is regulated in part by the supply and demand of downstream products of cellular respiration and metabolism.Which product acts as an allosteric inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADP 
B)  Acetyl CoA 
C)  NADH 
D)  Isocitrate 
E)  F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-Ketoglutarate 
A)  ADP 
B)  Acetyl CoA 
C)  NADH 
D)  Isocitrate 
E)  F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-Ketoglutarate

Question 4

Refer to the figure below.   Which half-reactions represent a change from more stored free energy to less stored free energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  B F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10BH and NAD+ F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 NADH 
B)  AH F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10A and B F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10BH 
C)  AH F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10A and NAD+ F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 NADH 
D)  AH F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10A and NADH F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 NAD+ 
E)  B F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10BH and NADH F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 NAD+ 
A)  B F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10BH and NAD+ F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 NADH 
B)  AH F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10A and B F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10BH 
C)  AH F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10A and NAD+ F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 NADH 
D)  AH F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10A and NADH F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 NAD+ 
E)  B F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10BH and NADH F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 NAD+

Question 5

Energy production occurs in different locations in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.Which statement is true for prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  The conversion of glucose to pyruvate occurs on the cell membrane. 
B)  The conversion of pyruvate to lactate occurs on the cell membrane. 
C)  The conversion of pyruvate to CO2 and H2O occurs in the mitochondria. 
D)  The respiratory chain enzymes are found on the cell membrane. 
E)  The citric acid cycle enzymes are found in the mitochondria. 
A)  The conversion of glucose to pyruvate occurs on the cell membrane. 
B)  The conversion of pyruvate to lactate occurs on the cell membrane. 
C)  The conversion of pyruvate to CO2 and H2O occurs in the mitochondria. 
D)  The respiratory chain enzymes are found on the cell membrane. 
E)  The citric acid cycle enzymes are found in the mitochondria.

Question 6

Choose the phrase that does not correctly complete this sentence: Oxidative phosphorylation is a process

Accepted Answer

A)  that requires a membrane that is permeable to protons. 
B)  in which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of electrons to O2. 
C)  that occurs in the mitochondria in eukaryotes and in the plasma membrane in prokaryotes. 
D)  that involves the respiratory chain and ATP synthases. 
E)  that requires the presence of ADP and Pi. 
A)  that requires a membrane that is permeable to protons. 
B)  in which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of electrons to O2. 
C)  that occurs in the mitochondria in eukaryotes and in the plasma membrane in prokaryotes. 
D)  that involves the respiratory chain and ATP synthases. 
E)  that requires the presence of ADP and Pi.

Question 7

Refer to the table below.   A student created this table as a study guide for learning the similarities and differences between lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation.Which statement best evaluates the accuracy of the student's efforts?

Accepted Answer

A)  The table is accurate as written. 
B)  Lactic acid fermentation has different inputs than alcoholic fermentation. 
C)  NADH is a net output for both types of fermentation and should be listed. 
D)  Alcoholic fermentation results in less ATP production than lactic acid fermentation. 
E)  Both types of fermentation differ by two steps. 
A)  The table is accurate as written. 
B)  Lactic acid fermentation has different inputs than alcoholic fermentation. 
C)  NADH is a net output for both types of fermentation and should be listed. 
D)  Alcoholic fermentation results in less ATP production than lactic acid fermentation. 
E)  Both types of fermentation differ by two steps.

Question 8

Which statement regarding glycolysis is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two molecules of glucose are catabolized to form two molecules of pyruvate. 
B)  The first two steps are endergonic. 
C)  Two ATP molecules are required in the first three steps per glucose molecule. 
D)  ATP is not formed. 
E)  NADH is not formed. 
A)  Two molecules of glucose are catabolized to form two molecules of pyruvate. 
B)  The first two steps are endergonic. 
C)  Two ATP molecules are required in the first three steps per glucose molecule. 
D)  ATP is not formed. 
E)  NADH is not formed.

Question 9

Proteins are built from carbons that come directly from

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis. 
B)  pyruvate oxidation. 
C)  acetyl CoA. 
D)  the citric acid cycle. 
E)  electron transport. 
A)  glycolysis. 
B)  pyruvate oxidation. 
C)  acetyl CoA. 
D)  the citric acid cycle. 
E)  electron transport.

Question 10

Which list places the molecules, from left to right, from most oxidized to least oxidized?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 > CH2O > HCOOH > CH4 
B)  HCOOH > CH4 > CH3OH > CO2 
C)  CO2 > CHOOH > CH3OH > CH4 
D)  CH4 > CH3OH > CHOOH > CO2 
E)  CH2O > CO2 > CH3OH > CH4 
A)  CO2 > CH2O > HCOOH > CH4 
B)  HCOOH > CH4 > CH3OH > CO2 
C)  CO2 > CHOOH > CH3OH > CH4 
D)  CH4 > CH3OH > CHOOH > CO2 
E)  CH2O > CO2 > CH3OH > CH4

Question 11

Refer to the table below.   The complete oxidation of 1 mole of glucose and the complete oxidation of 1 mole of alanine give the same products in different quantities, as shown in the table.Given this information, it can be stated that

Accepted Answer

A)  alanine produces 6 more ATP per carbon oxidized than glucose. 
B)  glucose produces 4 more ATP per carbon oxidized than alanine. 
C)  alanine produces 2 more ATP per carbon oxidized than glucose. 
D)  glucose produces 1 more ATP per carbon oxidized than alanine. 
E)  alanine produces approximately the same ATP per carbon oxidized as glucose. 
A)  alanine produces 6 more ATP per carbon oxidized than glucose. 
B)  glucose produces 4 more ATP per carbon oxidized than alanine. 
C)  alanine produces 2 more ATP per carbon oxidized than glucose. 
D)  glucose produces 1 more ATP per carbon oxidized than alanine. 
E)  alanine produces approximately the same ATP per carbon oxidized as glucose.

Question 12

Mouse mitochondria were isolated and incubated with two different compounds to see whether they affected FADH2 oxidation, NADH oxidation, or ATP formation.A control sample was run in the absence of either compound.The results are summarized in the table as "yes" if a process was observed and "no" if a process was not observed.   Which statement is consistent with these data?

Accepted Answer

A)  Compound Z inhibits a component of the electron transport chain, while compound A inhibits ATP synthase. 
B)  Compound A inhibits a component of the electron transport chain, while compound Z inhibits ATP synthase. 
C)  Compound Z inhibits the first component of the electron transport chain, while compound A inhibits a later component of the chain. 
D)  Compound A inhibits the first component of the electron transport chain, while compound Z inhibits a later component of the chain. 
E)  Compound A and compound Z both directly interfere with the final transfer of electrons to oxygen. 
A)  Compound Z inhibits a component of the electron transport chain, while compound A inhibits ATP synthase. 
B)  Compound A inhibits a component of the electron transport chain, while compound Z inhibits ATP synthase. 
C)  Compound Z inhibits the first component of the electron transport chain, while compound A inhibits a later component of the chain. 
D)  Compound A inhibits the first component of the electron transport chain, while compound Z inhibits a later component of the chain. 
E)  Compound A and compound Z both directly interfere with the final transfer of electrons to oxygen.

Question 13

Electron transport within NADH-Q reductase, cytochrome reductase, and cytochrome oxidase can be coupled to proton transport from the mitochondrial matrix to the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.This is because those protein complexes

Accepted Answer

A)  are in the mitochondrial matrix. 
B)  span the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
C)  are in the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. 
D)  remain in the cytoplasm. 
E)  loosely attach to the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
A)  are in the mitochondrial matrix. 
B)  span the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
C)  are in the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. 
D)  remain in the cytoplasm. 
E)  loosely attach to the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 14

The fermentation process in vertebrate muscle cells produces

Accepted Answer

A)  lactic acid. 
B)  12 moles of ATP. 
C)  pyruvic acid. 
D)  an excessive amount of energy. 
E)  ethanol. 
A)  lactic acid. 
B)  12 moles of ATP. 
C)  pyruvic acid. 
D)  an excessive amount of energy. 
E)  ethanol.

Question 15

Metabolic pathways are

Accepted Answer

A)  small sets of chemical reactions that are always taking place in every cell. 
B)  large sets of interconnected chemical transformational steps, each with a specific enzyme. 
C)  ways of creating energy for a cell. 
D)  resistant to inhibitors and activators. 
E)  not regulated. 
A)  small sets of chemical reactions that are always taking place in every cell. 
B)  large sets of interconnected chemical transformational steps, each with a specific enzyme. 
C)  ways of creating energy for a cell. 
D)  resistant to inhibitors and activators. 
E)  not regulated.

Question 16

The compound citrate is generated as part of the citric acid cycle.Citrate activates the enzyme fatty acid synthase to shuttle excess carbon into fatty acids and inhibits the enzyme phosphofructokinase to slow glycolysis.Both of these processes involve binding of citrate to the enzymes, where it exerts its effects through _______ regulation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The compound citrate is generated as part...

Question 17

Most ATP produced in aerobic organisms is made

Accepted Answer

A)  by glycolysis. 
B)  in the citric acid cycle. 
C)  using ATP synthase. 
D)  from photosynthesis. 
E)  by burning fat. 
A)  by glycolysis. 
B)  in the citric acid cycle. 
C)  using ATP synthase. 
D)  from photosynthesis. 
E)  by burning fat.

Question 18

A student wants to develop a demonstration to explain the energy changes taking place as electrons are transferred along the respiratory chain.Which everyday objects could he use to accomplish his goal?

Accepted Answer

A)  A bat striking a ball 
B)  A ball rolling down a staircase 
C)  A book falling from a table to the floor 
D)  A hot plate boiling water in a pot 
E)  An ice cube melting in a bowl 
A)  A bat striking a ball 
B)  A ball rolling down a staircase 
C)  A book falling from a table to the floor 
D)  A hot plate boiling water in a pot 
E)  An ice cube melting in a bowl

Question 19

How many reaction steps are involved in the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  One 
B)  Three 
C)  Five 
D)  Eight 
E)  Ten 
A)  One 
B)  Three 
C)  Five 
D)  Eight 
E)  Ten

Question 20

The fate of acetyl CoA differs according to how much ATP is present in the cell.Explain what happens to acetyl CoA when ATP is limited, and compare this to what happens when ATP is abundant.

Accepted Answer

If ATP is limited, acetyl CoA enters the

Exam 9: Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

The oxidation of acetyl CoA to CO2 takes place in the _______ cycle.

Which is required for wine production?

In the citric acid cycle, isocitrate dehydrogenase is regulated in part by the supply and demand of downstream products of cellular respiration and metabolism.Which product acts as an allosteric inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase activity?

Refer to the figure below. Which half-reactions represent a change from more stored free energy to less stored free energy?

Energy production occurs in different locations in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.Which statement is true for prokaryotes?

Choose the phrase that does not correctly complete this sentence: Oxidative phosphorylation is a process

Refer to the table below. A student created this table as a study guide for learning the similarities and differences between lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation.Which statement best evaluates the accuracy of the student's efforts?

Which statement regarding glycolysis is true?

Proteins are built from carbons that come directly from

Which list places the molecules, from left to right, from most oxidized to least oxidized?

Refer to the table below. The complete oxidation of 1 mole of glucose and the complete oxidation of 1 mole of alanine give the same products in different quantities, as shown in the table.Given this information, it can be stated that

Electron transport within NADH-Q reductase, cytochrome reductase, and cytochrome oxidase can be coupled to proton transport from the mitochondrial matrix to the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.This is because those protein complexes

The fermentation process in vertebrate muscle cells produces

Metabolic pathways are

Most ATP produced in aerobic organisms is made

A student wants to develop a demonstration to explain the energy changes taking place as electrons are transferred along the respiratory chain.Which everyday objects could he use to accomplish his goal?

How many reaction steps are involved in the citric acid cycle?

The fate of acetyl CoA differs according to how much ATP is present in the cell.Explain what happens to acetyl CoA when ATP is limited, and compare this to what happens when ATP is abundant.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

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The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

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Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

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Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

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Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

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The oxidation of acetyl CoA to CO₂ takes place in the _______ cycle.