Question 1

A parasite lives in a chimpanzee's fur and is easily located and picked off by the troop's other chimpanzees during grooming.This parasite is both an

Accepted Answer

A)  ectoparasite and a macroparasite. 
B)  ectoparasite and a microparasite. 
C)  endoparasite and a macroparasite. 
D)  endoparasite and a microparasite. 
E)  endoparasite and a prey organism. 
A)  ectoparasite and a macroparasite. 
B)  ectoparasite and a microparasite. 
C)  endoparasite and a macroparasite. 
D)  endoparasite and a microparasite. 
E)  endoparasite and a prey organism.

Question 2

Compared with related species, members of a newly discovered beetle species are larger, stronger, and faster, and they have stronger jaws.These characteristics suggest that the new species most likely feeds on

Accepted Answer

A)  prey insects. 
B)  plant tissues. 
C)  pollen and nectar. 
D)  vertebrate blood. 
E)  decaying wood. 
A)  prey insects. 
B)  plant tissues. 
C)  pollen and nectar. 
D)  vertebrate blood. 
E)  decaying wood.

Question 3

A skunk's defense against predators includes a noxious spray combined with sharply contrasting black-and-white coloration.This combined defense is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  crypsis. 
B)  amensalism. 
C)  Batesian mimicry. 
D)  character displacement. 
E)  warning coloration. 
A)  crypsis. 
B)  amensalism. 
C)  Batesian mimicry. 
D)  character displacement. 
E)  warning coloration.

Question 4

Which interaction would be considered a mutualism?

Accepted Answer

A)  A bumble bee pollinates a tomato plant and receives pollen in return. 
B)  A cattle egret in a pasture feeds on insects stirred up by cattle hooves. 
C)  A deer tick drops from a deer and is later picked up by a passing dog. 
D)  Introduced lionfish in the Caribbean feed on the same small fish as native fish do. 
E)  The excrement of a flock of birds nesting in a tree kills vegetation under the tree. 
A)  A bumble bee pollinates a tomato plant and receives pollen in return. 
B)  A cattle egret in a pasture feeds on insects stirred up by cattle hooves. 
C)  A deer tick drops from a deer and is later picked up by a passing dog. 
D)  Introduced lionfish in the Caribbean feed on the same small fish as native fish do. 
E)  The excrement of a flock of birds nesting in a tree kills vegetation under the tree.

Question 5

Which statement is most likely true of a prey animal that has evolved cryptic coloration?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a Batesian mimic. 
B)  It is a Müllerian mimic. 
C)  It is strong, swift, or both. 
D)  It is palatable to predators. 
E)  Its body contains toxic chemicals. 
A)  It is a Batesian mimic. 
B)  It is a Müllerian mimic. 
C)  It is strong, swift, or both. 
D)  It is palatable to predators. 
E)  Its body contains toxic chemicals.

Question 6

In the exchange between plants and frugivores, frugivores benefit by receiving food, and plants benefit from _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the exchange between plants and frugivores,...

Question 7

Refer to the tables below.The first shows the types of flowers preferred by various pollinators.The second shows the characteristics of three different flowers.Some flowers attract only one kind of pollinator; others have characteristics that attract more than one.     Flower C is most likely to attract

Accepted Answer

A)  bats and beetles. 
B)  butterflies and moths. 
C)  moths and bats. 
D)  butterflies and bees. 
E)  bees and beetles. 
A)  bats and beetles. 
B)  butterflies and moths. 
C)  moths and bats. 
D)  butterflies and bees. 
E)  bees and beetles.

Question 8

A lichen is a fungus and an alga living together.The alga provides food for the fungus through photosynthesis.The fungus acts like a sponge, providing water for both organisms.Both species get their limiting resources from each other and cannot survive without each other.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  facultative mutualism. 
B)  obligate mutualism. 
C)  commensalism. 
D)  amensalism. 
E)  parasitism. 
A)  facultative mutualism. 
B)  obligate mutualism. 
C)  commensalism. 
D)  amensalism. 
E)  parasitism.

Question 9

Although most herbivory harms the plant, some herbivorous interactions do not.Which is not a harmful interaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Leaf miner insects feed on sugars in leaf cells without killing the leaves. 
B)  Aphids pierce stems and consume plant sap but do not damage other plant parts. 
C)  Nematodes feed on the starches in plant roots; the roots live, but their growth is slowed. 
D)  Gypsy moth caterpillars feed on the leaves of oak and aspen, defoliating and stressing the trees. 
E)  Bears eat blueberries, then excrete blueberry seeds throughout the forest, and the seeds germinate. 
A)  Leaf miner insects feed on sugars in leaf cells without killing the leaves. 
B)  Aphids pierce stems and consume plant sap but do not damage other plant parts. 
C)  Nematodes feed on the starches in plant roots; the roots live, but their growth is slowed. 
D)  Gypsy moth caterpillars feed on the leaves of oak and aspen, defoliating and stressing the trees. 
E)  Bears eat blueberries, then excrete blueberry seeds throughout the forest, and the seeds germinate.

Question 10

Many frogs, sea slugs, and other prey animals are brightly colored or have striking color patterns that advertise their toxic nature.They are using a method of prey defense that involves use of a _______ signal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many frogs, sea slugs, and other prey...

Question 11

The habitat and food requirements of grizzly bears and black bears are similar but not identical.A study in British Columbia examined predicted versus actual distributions of these two species using hair traps and DNA analysis of the hair to determine whether black bears or grizzly bears were using particular areas.Most of the area was suitable for both species, but black bears mainly occurred in valley bottoms and open habitats, whereas grizzly bears occurred in more closed habitats (forest) at higher elevations.The lack of overlap in habitat suggests that the two bear species are practicing

Accepted Answer

A)  competitive exclusion. 
B)  interference competition. 
C)  exploitation competition. 
D)  resource partitioning. 
E)  character displacement. 
A)  competitive exclusion. 
B)  interference competition. 
C)  exploitation competition. 
D)  resource partitioning. 
E)  character displacement.

Question 12

When two Appalachian salamander species occur in separate habitats, they have the same morphological characteristics.However, when they occur in the same habitat, one species has a faster-closing jaw, which enables it to feed on larger prey.The other has a slower, stronger jaw that accommodates smaller prey.This situation represents a form of _______, which has led to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  intraspecific competition; character displacement 
B)  interspecific competition; character displacement 
C)  exploitation competition; resource limitation 
D)  exploitation competition; competitive exclusion 
E)  interference competition; competitive exclusion 
A)  intraspecific competition; character displacement 
B)  interspecific competition; character displacement 
C)  exploitation competition; resource limitation 
D)  exploitation competition; competitive exclusion 
E)  interference competition; competitive exclusion

Question 13

Two species of woody shrubs live in close proximity and compete for limited resources.One species produces chemicals through its roots that limit the growth of the other.The production of these chemicals is a form of

Accepted Answer

A)  intraspecific competition. 
B)  interference competition. 
C)  competitive exclusion. 
D)  resource partitioning. 
E)  exploitation competition. 
A)  intraspecific competition. 
B)  interference competition. 
C)  competitive exclusion. 
D)  resource partitioning. 
E)  exploitation competition.

Question 14

All the resources required by an organism to maintain its physiological needs determine its

Accepted Answer

A)  realized niche. 
B)  realized range. 
C)  realized territory. 
D)  fundamental niche. 
E)  fundamental habitat. 
A)  realized niche. 
B)  realized range. 
C)  realized territory. 
D)  fundamental niche. 
E)  fundamental habitat.

Question 15

Interactions between sea anemones and anemonefish were once described as an example of commensalism, but more recently some scientists hypothesize that they might be mutualism.Which behavioral interaction, if correct, would best justify this change in description?

Accepted Answer

A)  The anemone provides the fish with food but receives no benefit from the fish. 
B)  The anemone protects the fish from predators but receives no benefit from the fish. 
C)  The anemone stings most fish but ignores the anemonefish, which has a mucous coat. 
D)  The anemone receives nutrients from the fish's feces, and the fish scavenges food from the anemone. 
E)  The anemone protects the anemonefish and provides it with food; the fish in turn steals the anemone's prey. 
A)  The anemone provides the fish with food but receives no benefit from the fish. 
B)  The anemone protects the fish from predators but receives no benefit from the fish. 
C)  The anemone stings most fish but ignores the anemonefish, which has a mucous coat. 
D)  The anemone receives nutrients from the fish's feces, and the fish scavenges food from the anemone. 
E)  The anemone protects the anemonefish and provides it with food; the fish in turn steals the anemone's prey.

Question 16

Poison dart frogs live in tropical rain forests.They have a powerful toxin in their skin and are typically brightly colored, advertising their distastefulness to would-be predators.Why would frogs likely evolve this method of defense against predators?

Accepted Answer

A)  No predators are able to overcome toxins. 
B)  It is an effective method for small, weak prey. 
C)  It is easier to evolve than methods such as crypsis. 
D)  Most predators quickly become insensitive to toxins. 
E)  Most tropical predators locate prey by sound, not sight. 
A)  No predators are able to overcome toxins. 
B)  It is an effective method for small, weak prey. 
C)  It is easier to evolve than methods such as crypsis. 
D)  Most predators quickly become insensitive to toxins. 
E)  Most tropical predators locate prey by sound, not sight.

Question 17

Two species of aphids compete for the same resource, and neither species directly interferes with the other species.This is an example of both exploitation competition and _______ competition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two species of aphids compete for the...

Question 18

Larvae of moths called bagworms can eat a tremendous variety of plants; some species can consume leaves from more than 40 different host plant families.Bagworms are thus _______ herbivores.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Larvae of moths called bagworms can eat...

Question 19

Which method of prey defense is an example of mimicry?

Accepted Answer

A)  A fawn's coat of white spots on brown resembles dappled sunlight and shade. 
B)  A gray tree frog's skin colors resemble bark patterns of trees. 
C)  A katydid's wing shape and colors resemble green leaves with veins. 
D)  A spicebush caterpillar's large, spotted head resembles a snake's head and eyes. 
E)  A snowshoe hare's white winter coat resembles snow. 
A)  A fawn's coat of white spots on brown resembles dappled sunlight and shade. 
B)  A gray tree frog's skin colors resemble bark patterns of trees. 
C)  A katydid's wing shape and colors resemble green leaves with veins. 
D)  A spicebush caterpillar's large, spotted head resembles a snake's head and eyes. 
E)  A snowshoe hare's white winter coat resembles snow.

Question 20

A frog that escapes detection by blending in with its surroundings is practicing a form of prey defense known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A frog that escapes detection by blending...

Exam 55: Species Interactions

A parasite lives in a chimpanzee's fur and is easily located and picked off by the troop's other chimpanzees during grooming.This parasite is both an

Compared with related species, members of a newly discovered beetle species are larger, stronger, and faster, and they have stronger jaws.These characteristics suggest that the new species most likely feeds on

A skunk's defense against predators includes a noxious spray combined with sharply contrasting black-and-white coloration.This combined defense is an example of

Which interaction would be considered a mutualism?

Which statement is most likely true of a prey animal that has evolved cryptic coloration?

In the exchange between plants and frugivores, frugivores benefit by receiving food, and plants benefit from _______.

A lichen is a fungus and an alga living together.The alga provides food for the fungus through photosynthesis.The fungus acts like a sponge, providing water for both organisms.Both species get their limiting resources from each other and cannot survive without each other.This is an example of

Although most herbivory harms the plant, some herbivorous interactions do not.Which is not a harmful interaction?

Many frogs, sea slugs, and other prey animals are brightly colored or have striking color patterns that advertise their toxic nature.They are using a method of prey defense that involves use of a _______ signal.

Two species of woody shrubs live in close proximity and compete for limited resources.One species produces chemicals through its roots that limit the growth of the other.The production of these chemicals is a form of

All the resources required by an organism to maintain its physiological needs determine its

Interactions between sea anemones and anemonefish were once described as an example of commensalism, but more recently some scientists hypothesize that they might be mutualism.Which behavioral interaction, if correct, would best justify this change in description?

Poison dart frogs live in tropical rain forests.They have a powerful toxin in their skin and are typically brightly colored, advertising their distastefulness to would-be predators.Why would frogs likely evolve this method of defense against predators?

Two species of aphids compete for the same resource, and neither species directly interferes with the other species.This is an example of both exploitation competition and _______ competition.

Larvae of moths called bagworms can eat a tremendous variety of plants; some species can consume leaves from more than 40 different host plant families.Bagworms are thus _______ herbivores.

Which method of prey defense is an example of mimicry?

A frog that escapes detection by blending in with its surroundings is practicing a form of prey defense known as _______.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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