Question 1

Refer to the figure showing waste products of metabolism.   Based on the figure, which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The nitrogenous wastes labeled 1, 2, and 3 are produced by metabolism of proteins and nucleic acids. 
B)  Humans primarily excrete the nitrogenous waste labeled 2. 
C)  The nitrogenous waste labeled 1 is the most toxic and soluble of the three shown. 
D)  Ureotelic animals, such as most amphibians, excrete the nitrogenous waste labeled 3. 
E)  Whereas bony fishes excrete the nitrogenous waste labeled 1, cartilaginous fishes excrete the nitrogenous waste labeled 2. 
A)  The nitrogenous wastes labeled 1, 2, and 3 are produced by metabolism of proteins and nucleic acids. 
B)  Humans primarily excrete the nitrogenous waste labeled 2. 
C)  The nitrogenous waste labeled 1 is the most toxic and soluble of the three shown. 
D)  Ureotelic animals, such as most amphibians, excrete the nitrogenous waste labeled 3. 
E)  Whereas bony fishes excrete the nitrogenous waste labeled 1, cartilaginous fishes excrete the nitrogenous waste labeled 2.

Question 2

The processes of secretion and _______ modify the composition of filtrate as it moves through excretory tubules.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The processes of secretion and _______ modify...

Question 3

Evaluate the following statement: Alcohol inhibits release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which is why excessive alcohol consumption leads to increased urination and dehydration.

Accepted Answer

The statement is incorrect. Al

Question 4

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) works by

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulating the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone. 
B)  stimulating the release of renin by the kidneys. 
C)  stimulating cells of the collecting ducts to insert aquaporins into their cell membranes. 
D)  prompting secretion of sodium. 
E)  lowering glomerular filtration rates. 
A)  stimulating the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone. 
B)  stimulating the release of renin by the kidneys. 
C)  stimulating cells of the collecting ducts to insert aquaporins into their cell membranes. 
D)  prompting secretion of sodium. 
E)  lowering glomerular filtration rates.

Question 5

Which statement about ionic conformers and ionic regulators is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most osmoconformers are ionic regulators. 
B)  Ionic conformers allow the ionic composition of their extracellular fluid to match that of their environment. 
C)  Ionic regulators use active transport mechanisms to keep some ions and excrete others. 
D)  Terrestrial herbivores excrete Na+ in their urine because plants have high concentrations of this ion. 
E)  Birds that feed on marine animals have nasal salt glands and are ionic regulators. 
A)  Most osmoconformers are ionic regulators. 
B)  Ionic conformers allow the ionic composition of their extracellular fluid to match that of their environment. 
C)  Ionic regulators use active transport mechanisms to keep some ions and excrete others. 
D)  Terrestrial herbivores excrete Na+ in their urine because plants have high concentrations of this ion. 
E)  Birds that feed on marine animals have nasal salt glands and are ionic regulators.

Question 6

Which feature does not characterize the vasa recta?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a vascular network located in the medulla. 
B)  It is impermeable to salt. 
C)  It surrounds the loop of Henle. 
D)  It is the site of water reabsorption from the renal medulla. 
E)  It is part of the peritubular capillary system. 
A)  It is a vascular network located in the medulla. 
B)  It is impermeable to salt. 
C)  It surrounds the loop of Henle. 
D)  It is the site of water reabsorption from the renal medulla. 
E)  It is part of the peritubular capillary system.

Question 7

Whereas the proximal and distal convoluted tubules are in the region of the kidney known as the cortex, the loop of Henle is in the region of the kidney known as the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whereas the proximal and distal convoluted tubules...

Question 8

In annelids, fluid in the excretory system exits each body segment through a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In annelids, fluid in the excretory system...

Question 9

Kidneys help regulate blood pH by removing H+ from the blood and returning _______ to the blood.

Accepted Answer

Question 10

A kidney stone leaving the left kidney would next pass into the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A kidney stone leaving the left kidney...

Question 11

Once pathogenic bacteria have infected the urethra (in the urinary tract), they can move directly to the

Accepted Answer

A)  urinary bladder. 
B)  ureter. 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
D)  kidney. 
E)  collecting duct. 
A)  urinary bladder. 
B)  ureter. 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
D)  kidney. 
E)  collecting duct.

Question 12

Which statement about excretory tubules of flatworms, annelids, or insects is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  In flatworms and annelids, tubule cells modify the composition of fluid by reabsorption and secretion. 
B)  In insects, cells of Malpighian tubules actively transport solute into tubules. 
C)  Tubules of flatworms receive fluid from the coelom. 
D)  The tubules of annelids are surrounded by capillaries. 
E)  In annelids, cilia of the nephrostome sweep fluid into the metanephridia, which lead into tubules. 
A)  In flatworms and annelids, tubule cells modify the composition of fluid by reabsorption and secretion. 
B)  In insects, cells of Malpighian tubules actively transport solute into tubules. 
C)  Tubules of flatworms receive fluid from the coelom. 
D)  The tubules of annelids are surrounded by capillaries. 
E)  In annelids, cilia of the nephrostome sweep fluid into the metanephridia, which lead into tubules.

Question 13

Which statement about excretory systems is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Excretory systems eliminate toxic waste products of protein metabolism. 
B)  Secretion and reabsorption modify the filtrate, eventually forming urine. 
C)  Excretory systems eliminate solutes present in excess and retain valuable solutes. 
D)  In closed circulatory systems, blood pressure drives filtration. 
E)  Extracellular fluid that has been filtered contains large molecules. 
A)  Excretory systems eliminate toxic waste products of protein metabolism. 
B)  Secretion and reabsorption modify the filtrate, eventually forming urine. 
C)  Excretory systems eliminate solutes present in excess and retain valuable solutes. 
D)  In closed circulatory systems, blood pressure drives filtration. 
E)  Extracellular fluid that has been filtered contains large molecules.

Question 14

The hormones _______ and _______ ultimately raise blood volume and pressure.

Accepted Answer

A)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH); atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) 
B)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH); aldosterone 
C)  atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP); angiotensinogen 
D)  aldosterone; atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) 
E)  vasopressin; atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) 
A)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH); atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) 
B)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH); aldosterone 
C)  atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP); angiotensinogen 
D)  aldosterone; atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) 
E)  vasopressin; atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 15

The Malpighian tubules of insects conserve water and excrete nitrogenous waste as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Malpighian tubules of insects conserve water...

Question 16

Which feature does not characterize reptiles?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have internal fertilization. 
B)  Their epidermis slows water loss. 
C)  They excrete uric acid, thereby limiting water loss. 
D)  They lay shelled eggs and don't need water for reproduction. 
E)  They retain urea to raise the osmolarity of their extracellular fluids. 
A)  They have internal fertilization. 
B)  Their epidermis slows water loss. 
C)  They excrete uric acid, thereby limiting water loss. 
D)  They lay shelled eggs and don't need water for reproduction. 
E)  They retain urea to raise the osmolarity of their extracellular fluids.

Question 17

Which is not one of the ways angiotensin (technically, angiotensin II) helps restore the glomerular filtration rate to normal when there is a decrease in blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreasing Na+ reabsorption by the kidneys 
B)  Constricting the efferent glomerular arterioles 
C)  Acting on the brain to stimulate thirst 
D)  Stimulating peripheral vasoconstriction 
E)  Stimulating aldosterone release by the adrenal cortex 
A)  Decreasing Na+ reabsorption by the kidneys 
B)  Constricting the efferent glomerular arterioles 
C)  Acting on the brain to stimulate thirst 
D)  Stimulating peripheral vasoconstriction 
E)  Stimulating aldosterone release by the adrenal cortex

Question 18

In the vertebrate kidney, the process of filtration from the capillaries into Bowman's capsule is driven by

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport. 
B)  arterial blood pressure. 
C)  venous blood pressure. 
D)  osmotic pressure. 
E)  secretion. 
A)  active transport. 
B)  arterial blood pressure. 
C)  venous blood pressure. 
D)  osmotic pressure. 
E)  secretion.

Question 19

Refer to the figure showing the excretory systems of flatworms.   Based on the figure, which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secretion occurs at point 1. 
B)  The fluid at point 2 is less concentrated than the extracellular fluid. 
C)  At point 3, solutes are actively transported into the protonephridium. 
D)  Structures at point 5 help move the fluid through the excretory system. 
E)  The processes occurring at point 1 in flatworms occur in the metanephridium of earthworms. 
A)  Secretion occurs at point 1. 
B)  The fluid at point 2 is less concentrated than the extracellular fluid. 
C)  At point 3, solutes are actively transported into the protonephridium. 
D)  Structures at point 5 help move the fluid through the excretory system. 
E)  The processes occurring at point 1 in flatworms occur in the metanephridium of earthworms.

Question 20

Which statement about the renal filtrate is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reabsorbed substances are returned from the filtrate to the blood. 
B)  Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed. 
C)  Secreted substances move from peritubular capillaries into the renal filtrate. 
D)  Excreted urine is very similar in composition to the original glomerular filtrate. 
E)  Most NaCl is reabsorbed. 
A)  Reabsorbed substances are returned from the filtrate to the blood. 
B)  Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed. 
C)  Secreted substances move from peritubular capillaries into the renal filtrate. 
D)  Excreted urine is very similar in composition to the original glomerular filtrate. 
E)  Most NaCl is reabsorbed.

Exam 51: Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Refer to the figure showing waste products of metabolism. Based on the figure, which statement is false?

The processes of secretion and _______ modify the composition of filtrate as it moves through excretory tubules.

Evaluate the following statement: Alcohol inhibits release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which is why excessive alcohol consumption leads to increased urination and dehydration.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) works by

Which statement about ionic conformers and ionic regulators is false?

Which feature does not characterize the vasa recta?

Whereas the proximal and distal convoluted tubules are in the region of the kidney known as the cortex, the loop of Henle is in the region of the kidney known as the _______.

In annelids, fluid in the excretory system exits each body segment through a(n) _______.

Kidneys help regulate blood pH by removing H+ from the blood and returning _______ to the blood.

A kidney stone leaving the left kidney would next pass into the _______.

Once pathogenic bacteria have infected the urethra (in the urinary tract), they can move directly to the

Which statement about excretory tubules of flatworms, annelids, or insects is false?

Which statement about excretory systems is false?

The hormones _______ and _______ ultimately raise blood volume and pressure.

The Malpighian tubules of insects conserve water and excrete nitrogenous waste as _______.

Which feature does not characterize reptiles?

Which is not one of the ways angiotensin (technically, angiotensin II) helps restore the glomerular filtration rate to normal when there is a decrease in blood pressure?

In the vertebrate kidney, the process of filtration from the capillaries into Bowman's capsule is driven by

Refer to the figure showing the excretory systems of flatworms. Based on the figure, which statement is false?

Which statement about the renal filtrate is false?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

Kidneys help regulate blood pH by removing H⁺ from the blood and returning _______ to the blood.

The hormones _ and _ ultimately raise blood volume and pressure.